Question 1

Protein synthesis occurs predominantly in the:

Accepted Answer

A) Cell membrane. 
B) Nucleus. 
C) Lysosome. 
D) Cytosol. 
A) Cell membrane. 
B) Nucleus. 
C) Lysosome. 
D) Cytosol.

Question 2

If an organism fails to regulate apoptosis, resulting in excessive apoptosis, which of the following processes might result?

Accepted Answer

A) Neurodegenerative disorder 
B) Autoimmune disorder 
C) Lymphoma 
D) Carcinoma 
A) Neurodegenerative disorder 
B) Autoimmune disorder 
C) Lymphoma 
D) Carcinoma

Question 3

The plasma membrane of blood cells is characterized by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Carbohydrate components (of glycolipids, glycoproteins) embededed in the lipid bilayer 
B) The asymmetric distribution of the phospholipids 
C) The hydrophilic ends of the phospholipids directed toward the inside of the lipid bilayer 
D) The absence of peripheral proteins 
A) Carbohydrate components (of glycolipids, glycoproteins) embededed in the lipid bilayer 
B) The asymmetric distribution of the phospholipids 
C) The hydrophilic ends of the phospholipids directed toward the inside of the lipid bilayer 
D) The absence of peripheral proteins

Question 4

Structurally abnormal proteins can be eliminated from the body by tagging them with _________ and sending them to the __________.

Accepted Answer

A) Caspase; apoptosis pathway 
B) Ubiquitin; proteosome 
C) Cyclins; necrosis pathway 
D) CDKs; apoptosis pathway 
A) Caspase; apoptosis pathway 
B) Ubiquitin; proteosome 
C) Cyclins; necrosis pathway 
D) CDKs; apoptosis pathway

Question 5

Which regulatory protein is present in all stages of the cell cycle but has varying degrees of phosphorylation (activation) from phase to phase?

Accepted Answer

A) p53 
B) Rb protein 
C) p21 
D) Cyclin D 
A) p53 
B) Rb protein 
C) p21 
D) Cyclin D

Question 6

All of the following are potential proto-oncogenes except:

Accepted Answer

A) Proteins that function as growth factor receptors. 
B) Proteins that bind DNA. 
C) Growth factors. 
D) Proteins that neutralize growth factor receptors. 
A) Proteins that function as growth factor receptors. 
B) Proteins that bind DNA. 
C) Growth factors. 
D) Proteins that neutralize growth factor receptors.

Question 7

Apoptosis play an role in human development in all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) Removal of interdigital webs of the hands and feet. 
B) Formation of the blood vessels and the gastrointestinal tract. 
C) Differentiation (divergence) of mast cells and basophils. 
D) Selection of appropriate T and B lymphocyte clones. 
A) Removal of interdigital webs of the hands and feet. 
B) Formation of the blood vessels and the gastrointestinal tract. 
C) Differentiation (divergence) of mast cells and basophils. 
D) Selection of appropriate T and B lymphocyte clones.

Question 8

In order to maintain ________, terminally differentiated blood cells undergo _________.

Accepted Answer

A) Cell cycle division; necrosis 
B) Tumor suppression; apoptosis 
C) Homeostasis; apoptosis 
D) Cell regeneration; necrosis 
A) Cell cycle division; necrosis 
B) Tumor suppression; apoptosis 
C) Homeostasis; apoptosis 
D) Cell regeneration; necrosis

Question 9

At which checkpoint would detection of unreplicated DNA strands occur?

Accepted Answer

A) G1 checkpoint 
B) G2/M checkpoint 
C) S phase checkpoint 
D) Metaphase checkpoint 
A) G1 checkpoint 
B) G2/M checkpoint 
C) S phase checkpoint 
D) Metaphase checkpoint

Question 10

All of the following are mechanisms of apoptosis in hematopoiesis except:

Accepted Answer

A) Elimination of B cell clonal populations after infection responses. 
B) Elimination of PMNs and eosinophils after an inflammatory response. 
C) Final stages of RBC maturation. 
D) Progression of acute leukemias. 
A) Elimination of B cell clonal populations after infection responses. 
B) Elimination of PMNs and eosinophils after an inflammatory response. 
C) Final stages of RBC maturation. 
D) Progression of acute leukemias.

Question 11

The point in the cell cycle after which cell division is complete but before the next round of DNA synthesis is:

Accepted Answer

A) The G2 phase. 
B) The G0 phase. 
C) The G1 phase. 
D) The R phase. 
A) The G2 phase. 
B) The G0 phase. 
C) The G1 phase. 
D) The R phase.

Question 12

Exposure to radiation would lead to activation of which caspase pathway?

Accepted Answer

A) Extrinsic pathway 
B) Intrinsic pathway 
C) Common pathway 
D) None of the above 
A) Extrinsic pathway 
B) Intrinsic pathway 
C) Common pathway 
D) None of the above

Question 13

List three ways in which the caspase pathway can be activated.Explain the role of each, and also indicate which arm of the caspase pathway will be activated.

Accepted Answer

The extrinsic pathway of apoptosis is tr

Question 14

What feature distinguishes necrosis from apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Necrosis requires ATP. 
B) Necrosis is characterized by cellular shrinkage and chromatin condensation. 
C) Necrosis induces inflammation. 
D) Necrosis results in nuclear fragments of 185 base pairs. 
A) Necrosis requires ATP. 
B) Necrosis is characterized by cellular shrinkage and chromatin condensation. 
C) Necrosis induces inflammation. 
D) Necrosis results in nuclear fragments of 185 base pairs.

Question 15

Cdk or kinase must be complexed with what molecule to drive one cell to the next cell-cycle stage?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA 
B) Phosphorylating enzymes 
C) mRNA 
D) Cyclin 
A) DNA 
B) Phosphorylating enzymes 
C) mRNA 
D) Cyclin

Question 16

Which cyclin component is predominant in the G1 phase of the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) Cyclin A 
B) Cyclin B1 
C) Cyclin E 
D) Cyclin D 
A) Cyclin A 
B) Cyclin B1 
C) Cyclin E 
D) Cyclin D

Question 17

Clearance of cytotoxic T cells after an immune response results from:

Accepted Answer

A) Accelerated apoptosis. 
B) Inhibited apoptosis. 
C) Normal occurrence of apoptosis. 
D) None of the above. 
A) Accelerated apoptosis. 
B) Inhibited apoptosis. 
C) Normal occurrence of apoptosis. 
D) None of the above.

Question 18

Which two proteins are critical for the effective function of the G1 checkpoint?

Accepted Answer

A) Cdk4 and Cdk6 
B) Cyclin E 
C) P21 and p57 
D) P53 and Rb 
A) Cdk4 and Cdk6 
B) Cyclin E 
C) P21 and p57 
D) P53 and Rb

Question 19

The (R) restriction point occurs during what phase in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) S 
B) G2 
C) G1 
D) M 
A) S 
B) G2 
C) G1 
D) M

Question 20

The sections of a gene which contain the coding sequences for the final protein product are:

Accepted Answer

A) Exons. 
B) Introns. 
C) UTRs. 
D) Nucleosomes. 
A) Exons. 
B) Introns. 
C) UTRs. 
D) Nucleosomes.

Exam 2: Cellular Homeostasis

Protein synthesis occurs predominantly in the:

If an organism fails to regulate apoptosis, resulting in excessive apoptosis, which of the following processes might result?

The plasma membrane of blood cells is characterized by which of the following?

Structurally abnormal proteins can be eliminated from the body by tagging them with _________ and sending them to the __________.

Which regulatory protein is present in all stages of the cell cycle but has varying degrees of phosphorylation (activation) from phase to phase?

All of the following are potential proto-oncogenes except:

Apoptosis play an role in human development in all of the following except:

In order to maintain ________, terminally differentiated blood cells undergo _________.

At which checkpoint would detection of unreplicated DNA strands occur?

All of the following are mechanisms of apoptosis in hematopoiesis except:

The point in the cell cycle after which cell division is complete but before the next round of DNA synthesis is:

Exposure to radiation would lead to activation of which caspase pathway?

List three ways in which the caspase pathway can be activated.Explain the role of each, and also indicate which arm of the caspase pathway will be activated.

What feature distinguishes necrosis from apoptosis?

Cdk or kinase must be complexed with what molecule to drive one cell to the next cell-cycle stage?

Which cyclin component is predominant in the G1 phase of the cell cycle?

Clearance of cytotoxic T cells after an immune response results from:

Which two proteins are critical for the effective function of the G1 checkpoint?

The (R) restriction point occurs during what phase in the cell cycle?

The sections of a gene which contain the coding sequences for the final protein product are:

Introduction

Hematopoiesis

Structure and Function of Hematopoietic Organs

The Erythrocyte

Hemoglobin

The Leukocyte

Introduction to Anemia

Anemias of Disordered Iron Metabolism and Heme Synthesis

Hemoglobinopaties: Qualitative Defects

Thalassemia

Megaloblastic and Nonmegaloblastic Macrocytic Anemias

Introduction to Hemolytic Anemia

Hemolytic Anemia: Membrane Defects

Hemolytic Anemia: Enzyme Deficiencies

Hemolytic Anemia: Immune Anemias

Hemolytic Anemia: Nonimmune Defects

Nonmalignant Granulocyte and Monocyte Disorders

Nonmalignant Lymphocyte Disorders

Introduction to Hematopoietic Neoplasms

Myeloproliferative Disorders

Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Acute Myeloid Leukemias

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemias

Lymphoid Malignancies: Chronic Lymphoid Leukemias, Lymphomas, and Plasma Cell Neoplasms

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Morphologic Analysis of Body Fluids in the Hematology Laboratory

Primary Hemostasis

Secondary Hemostasis and Fibrinolysis

Disorders of Primary Hemostasis

Disorders of Secondary Hemostasis

Thrombophilia

Hematology Procedures and Hemostasis

Bone Marrow Examination

Automation in Hematology and Hemostasis

Flow Cytometry

Chromosome Analysis of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Disorders

Molecular Analysis of Hematologic Diseases

Laboratory Testing in Coagulation

Quality Assessment in the Hematology Laboratory

Filters

Structurally abnormal proteins can be eliminated from the body by tagging them with _ and sending them to the __.

In order to maintain , terminally differentiated blood cells undergo _.