Question 1

According to the equilibrium model of island biogeography, species richness would be greatest on an island that is

Accepted Answer

A) small and remote. 
B) large and remote. 
C) large and close to a mainland. 
D) small and close to a mainland. 
E) environmentally homogeneous. 
A) small and remote. 
B) large and remote. 
C) large and close to a mainland. 
D) small and close to a mainland. 
E) environmentally homogeneous.

Question 2

White-breasted nuthatches and Downy woodpeckers both eat insects that hide in the furrows of bark in hardwood trees. The Downy woodpecker searches for insects by hunting from the bottom of the tree trunk to the top, while the White-breasted nuthatch searches from the top of the trunk down. These hunting behaviors best illustrate which of the following ecological concepts?

Accepted Answer

A) competitive exclusion 
B) resource partitioning 
C) character displacement 
D) keystone species 
E) individualistic hypothesis 
A) competitive exclusion 
B) resource partitioning 
C) character displacement 
D) keystone species 
E) individualistic hypothesis

Question 3

Use the following diagram of five islands formed at around the same time near a particular mainland and MacArthur and Wilson's island biogeography principles to answer the following questions.
   
Figure 54.4
-Which island would likely have the lowest immigration rate?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use the following diagram of five islands...

Question 4

The dominant species in a community is

Accepted Answer

A) characterized by very large individuals with long lives. 
B) the best competitor in the community. 
C) the best predator in the community. 
D) the species that contributes the most biomass to the community. 
E) the most energetically efficient species in the community. 
A) characterized by very large individuals with long lives. 
B) the best competitor in the community. 
C) the best predator in the community. 
D) the species that contributes the most biomass to the community. 
E) the most energetically efficient species in the community.

Question 5

Species richness increases

Accepted Answer

A) as we increase in altitude in equatorial mountains. 
B) as we travel north from the South Pole. 
C) on islands as distance from the mainland increases. 
D) as depth increases in aquatic communities. 
E) as community size decreases. 
A) as we increase in altitude in equatorial mountains. 
B) as we travel north from the South Pole. 
C) on islands as distance from the mainland increases. 
D) as depth increases in aquatic communities. 
E) as community size decreases.

Question 6

Use the following diagram of a hypothetical food web to answer the following questions. The arrows represent the transfer of food energy between the various trophic levels.
   
Figure 54.2
-Which letter represents an organism that could be a primary consumer?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 7

All of the following have been used by plants to avoid being eaten except

Accepted Answer

A) possessing spines and thorns on stems and leaves. 
B) synthesis of chemical toxins, such as strychnine, nicotine, and tannins. 
C) producing chemicals that are distasteful to herbivores, such as cinnamon, cloves, and peppermint. 
D) producing tissues that have unappealing colors. 
E) synthesizing chemicals that can cause abnormal development in some insects that eat them. 
A) possessing spines and thorns on stems and leaves. 
B) synthesis of chemical toxins, such as strychnine, nicotine, and tannins. 
C) producing chemicals that are distasteful to herbivores, such as cinnamon, cloves, and peppermint. 
D) producing tissues that have unappealing colors. 
E) synthesizing chemicals that can cause abnormal development in some insects that eat them.

Question 8

The most plausible hypothesis to explain why species richness is higher in tropical than in temperate regions is that

Accepted Answer

A) tropical communities are younger. 
B) tropical regions generally have more available water and higher levels of solar radiation. 
C) higher temperatures cause more rapid speciation. 
D) biodiversity increases as evapotranspiration decreases. 
E) tropical regions have very high rates of immigration and very low rates of extinction. 
A) tropical communities are younger. 
B) tropical regions generally have more available water and higher levels of solar radiation. 
C) higher temperatures cause more rapid speciation. 
D) biodiversity increases as evapotranspiration decreases. 
E) tropical regions have very high rates of immigration and very low rates of extinction.

Question 9

Use the following diagram of five islands formed at around the same time near a particular mainland and MacArthur and Wilson's island biogeography principles to answer the following questions.
   
Figure 54.4
-Which island would likely have the greatest species diversity?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use the following diagram of five islands...

Question 10

Food chains are sometimes short because

Accepted Answer

A) only a single species of herbivore feeds on each plant species. 
B) local extinction of a species causes extinction of the other species in its food chain. 
C) most of the energy in a trophic level is lost as it passes to the next higher level. 
D) predator species tend to be less diverse and less abundant than prey species. 
E) most producers are inedible. 
A) only a single species of herbivore feeds on each plant species. 
B) local extinction of a species causes extinction of the other species in its food chain. 
C) most of the energy in a trophic level is lost as it passes to the next higher level. 
D) predator species tend to be less diverse and less abundant than prey species. 
E) most producers are inedible.

Question 11

According to the competitive exclusion principle, two species cannot continue to occupy the same

Accepted Answer

A) habitat. 
B) niche. 
C) territory. 
D) range. 
E) biome. 
A) habitat. 
B) niche. 
C) territory. 
D) range. 
E) biome.

Question 12

Prairie dogs once covered the expanses of the Great Plains. Their grazing made the grass more nutritious for the huge herds of bison, and a variety of snakes, raptors, and mammals preyed on the rodents. In fact, the black-footed ferret (now endangered)specialized in prairie dog predation. Today, growing housing and agricultural developments have covered many prairie dog towns. Which of the following statements about prairie dogs is True?

Accepted Answer

A) Their realized niche has expanded. 
B) They have a mutualistic relationship with bison. 
C) They are probably a poor candidate for keystone species. 
D) Their fundamental niche is changed. 
E) Their fundamental niche has expanded. 
A) Their realized niche has expanded. 
B) They have a mutualistic relationship with bison. 
C) They are probably a poor candidate for keystone species. 
D) Their fundamental niche is changed. 
E) Their fundamental niche has expanded.

Question 13

Which of the following describes the relationship between legumes and nitrogen-fixing bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A) parasitism 
B) mutualism 
C) inhibition 
D) facilitation 
E) commensalism 
A) parasitism 
B) mutualism 
C) inhibition 
D) facilitation 
E) commensalism

Question 14

The feeding relationships among the species in a community determine the community's

Accepted Answer

A) secondary succession. 
B) ecological niche. 
C) trophic structure. 
D) species-area curve. 
E) species richness. 
A) secondary succession. 
B) ecological niche. 
C) trophic structure. 
D) species-area curve. 
E) species richness.

Exam 54: Community Ecology

According to the equilibrium model of island biogeography, species richness would be greatest on an island that is

Use the following diagram of five islands formed at around the same time near a particular mainland and MacArthur and Wilson's island biogeography principles to answer the following questions. Figure 54.4 -Which island would likely have the lowest immigration rate?

The dominant species in a community is

Species richness increases

Use the following diagram of a hypothetical food web to answer the following questions. The arrows represent the transfer of food energy between the various trophic levels. Figure 54.2 -Which letter represents an organism that could be a primary consumer?

All of the following have been used by plants to avoid being eaten except

The most plausible hypothesis to explain why species richness is higher in tropical than in temperate regions is that

Use the following diagram of five islands formed at around the same time near a particular mainland and MacArthur and Wilson's island biogeography principles to answer the following questions. Figure 54.4 -Which island would likely have the greatest species diversity?

Food chains are sometimes short because

According to the competitive exclusion principle, two species cannot continue to occupy the same

Which of the following describes the relationship between legumes and nitrogen-fixing bacteria?

The feeding relationships among the species in a community determine the community's

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and the Fitness of the Environment

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Ecosystems

Conservation Biology and Restoration Ecology

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