Question 1

The sequence of developmental milestones proceeds as follows:

Accepted Answer

A) cleavage → blastula → gastrula → morula 
B) cleavage → gastrula → morula → blastula 
C) cleavage → morula → blastula → gastrula 
D) gastrula → morula → blastula → cleavage 
E) morula → cleavage → gastrula → blastula 
A) cleavage → blastula → gastrula → morula 
B) cleavage → gastrula → morula → blastula 
C) cleavage → morula → blastula → gastrula 
D) gastrula → morula → blastula → cleavage 
E) morula → cleavage → gastrula → blastula

Question 2

If gastrulation was blocked by an environmental toxin, then

Accepted Answer

A) cleavage would not occur in the zygote. 
B) embryonic germ layers would not form. 
C) fertilization would be blocked. 
D) the blastula would not be formed. 
E) the blastopore would form above the gray crescent in the animal pole. 
A) cleavage would not occur in the zygote. 
B) embryonic germ layers would not form. 
C) fertilization would be blocked. 
D) the blastula would not be formed. 
E) the blastopore would form above the gray crescent in the animal pole.

Question 3

Contact of an egg with signal molecules on sperm causes the egg to undergo a brief

Accepted Answer

A) mitosis. 
B) membrane depolarization. 
C) apoptosis. 
D) vitellogenesis. 
E) the acrosomal reaction. 
A) mitosis. 
B) membrane depolarization. 
C) apoptosis. 
D) vitellogenesis. 
E) the acrosomal reaction.

Question 4

The earliest developmental stage among these choices is

Accepted Answer

A) germ layers. 
B) morula. 
C) blastopore. 
D) gastrulation. 
E) invagination. 
A) germ layers. 
B) morula. 
C) blastopore. 
D) gastrulation. 
E) invagination.

Question 5

As cleavage continues during frog development, the size of the blastomeres

Accepted Answer

A) increases as the number of the blastomeres decreases. 
B) increases as the number of the blastomeres increases. 
C) decreases as the number of the blastomeres increases. 
D) decreases as the number of the blastomeres decreases. 
E) increases as the number of the blastomeres stays the same. 
A) increases as the number of the blastomeres decreases. 
B) increases as the number of the blastomeres increases. 
C) decreases as the number of the blastomeres increases. 
D) decreases as the number of the blastomeres decreases. 
E) increases as the number of the blastomeres stays the same.

Question 6

Contact of a sperm with signal molecules in the coat of an egg causes the sperm to undergo

Accepted Answer

A) mitosis. 
B) depolarization. 
C) apoptosis. 
D) vitellogenesis. 
E) the acrosomal reaction. 
A) mitosis. 
B) depolarization. 
C) apoptosis. 
D) vitellogenesis. 
E) the acrosomal reaction.

Question 7

In humans, identical twins are possible because

Accepted Answer

A) of the heterogeneous distribution of cytoplasmic determinants in unfertilized eggs. 
B) of interactions between extraembryonic cells and the zygote nucleus. 
C) of convergent extension. 
D) early blastomeres can form a complete embryo if isolated. 
E) the gray crescent divides the dorsal-ventral axis into new cells. 
A) of the heterogeneous distribution of cytoplasmic determinants in unfertilized eggs. 
B) of interactions between extraembryonic cells and the zygote nucleus. 
C) of convergent extension. 
D) early blastomeres can form a complete embryo if isolated. 
E) the gray crescent divides the dorsal-ventral axis into new cells.

Question 8

From earliest to latest, the overall sequence of early development proceeds as follows:

Accepted Answer

A) gastrulation → organogenesis → cleavage 
B) ovulation → gastrulation → fertilization 
C) cleavage → gastrulation → organogenesis 
D) gastrulation → blastulation → neurulation 
E) preformation → morphogenesis → neurulation 
A) gastrulation → organogenesis → cleavage 
B) ovulation → gastrulation → fertilization 
C) cleavage → gastrulation → organogenesis 
D) gastrulation → blastulation → neurulation 
E) preformation → morphogenesis → neurulation

Question 9

Fertilization normally

Accepted Answer

A) reinstates diploidy. 
B) follows gastrulation. 
C) is required for parthenogenesis. 
D) merges two dipoloid cells into one haploid cell. 
E) precedes ovulation. 
A) reinstates diploidy. 
B) follows gastrulation. 
C) is required for parthenogenesis. 
D) merges two dipoloid cells into one haploid cell. 
E) precedes ovulation.

Question 10

The cortical reaction functions directly in the

Accepted Answer

A) formation of a fertilization envelope. 
B) production of a fast block to polyspermy. 
C) release of hydrolytic enzymes from the sperm cell. 
D) generation of a nerve-like impulse by the egg cell. 
E) fusion of egg and sperm nuclei. 
A) formation of a fertilization envelope. 
B) production of a fast block to polyspermy. 
C) release of hydrolytic enzymes from the sperm cell. 
D) generation of a nerve-like impulse by the egg cell. 
E) fusion of egg and sperm nuclei.

Question 11

You buy a pie that contains a swirled mixture of chocolate and vanilla filling. When you cut the pie up, you notice that some slices have more chocolate than vanilla and that other slices have more vanilla than chocolate. This uneven distribution of chocolate and vanilla is most like the uneven distribution of

Accepted Answer

A) nuclei in a zygote. 
B) nuclei in an early embryo. 
C) nuclei in an egg. 
D) cytoplasmic determinants in a zygote. 
E) cytoplasmic determinants in an early embryo. 
A) nuclei in a zygote. 
B) nuclei in an early embryo. 
C) nuclei in an egg. 
D) cytoplasmic determinants in a zygote. 
E) cytoplasmic determinants in an early embryo.

Question 12

From earliest to latest, the overall sequence of early development proceeds as follows:

Accepted Answer

A) first cell division → synthesis of embryo's DNa begins → acrosomal reaction → cortical reaction 
B) cortical reaction → synthesis of embryo's DNA begins → acrosomal reaction → first cell division 
C) cortical reaction → acrosomal reaction → first cell division → synthesis of embryo's DNA begins 
D) first cell division → synthesis of embryo's DNA begins → acrosomal reaction → cortical reaction 
E) acrosomal reaction → cortical reaction → synthesis of embryo's DNA begins → first cell division 
A) first cell division → synthesis of embryo's DNa begins → acrosomal reaction → cortical reaction 
B) cortical reaction → synthesis of embryo's DNA begins → acrosomal reaction → first cell division 
C) cortical reaction → acrosomal reaction → first cell division → synthesis of embryo's DNA begins 
D) first cell division → synthesis of embryo's DNA begins → acrosomal reaction → cortical reaction 
E) acrosomal reaction → cortical reaction → synthesis of embryo's DNA begins → first cell division

Question 13

In all vertebrate animals, development requires

Accepted Answer

A) a large supply of yolk. 
B) an aqueous environment. 
C) extraembryonic membranes. 
D) an amnion. 
E) a primitive streak. 
A) a large supply of yolk. 
B) an aqueous environment. 
C) extraembryonic membranes. 
D) an amnion. 
E) a primitive streak.

Question 14

Cells move to new positions as an embryo establishes its three germ tissue layers during

Accepted Answer

A) determination. 
B) cleavage. 
C) fertilization. 
D) induction. 
E) gastrulation. 
A) determination. 
B) cleavage. 
C) fertilization. 
D) induction. 
E) gastrulation.

Question 15

Use the following information to answer the following questions.
In a study of the development of frog embryos, several early gastrulas were stained with vital dyes. The locations of the dyes after gastrulation were noted. The results are shown in the following table.
 $\begin{array} { l l } 
\text { Tissue } & \text { Stain } \
\hline \text { Brain } & \text { red } \
\text { Notochord } & \text { yellow } \
\text { Liver } & \text { green } \
\text { Lens of the eye } & \text { blue } \
\text { Lining of the digestive tract } & \text { purple }
\end{array}$ 
Figure 47.1
-The mesoderm was probably stained with a

Accepted Answer

A) blue color. 
B) yellow color. 
C) red color. 
D) purple color. 
E) green color. 
A) blue color. 
B) yellow color. 
C) red color. 
D) purple color. 
E) green color.

Exam 47: Animal Development

The sequence of developmental milestones proceeds as follows:

If gastrulation was blocked by an environmental toxin, then

Contact of an egg with signal molecules on sperm causes the egg to undergo a brief

The earliest developmental stage among these choices is

As cleavage continues during frog development, the size of the blastomeres

Contact of a sperm with signal molecules in the coat of an egg causes the sperm to undergo

In humans, identical twins are possible because

From earliest to latest, the overall sequence of early development proceeds as follows:

Fertilization normally

The cortical reaction functions directly in the

From earliest to latest, the overall sequence of early development proceeds as follows:

In all vertebrate animals, development requires

Cells move to new positions as an embryo establishes its three germ tissue layers during

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and the Fitness of the Environment

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Conservation Biology and Restoration Ecology

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