Question 1

A primitive streak forms during the early embryonic development of

Accepted Answer

A) birds, but not frogs or humans. 
B) frogs, but not birds or humans. 
C) humans, but not birds or frogs. 
D) birds and frogs, but not humans. 
E) humans and birds, but not frogs. 
A) birds, but not frogs or humans. 
B) frogs, but not birds or humans. 
C) humans, but not birds or frogs. 
D) birds and frogs, but not humans. 
E) humans and birds, but not frogs.

Question 2

Molecular genetic evidence that certain genes shared by both humans and fruit flies initiate eye development in both species suggest a common

Accepted Answer

A) complete genome. 
B) use of ATP in energy-transfer reactions. 
C) genetic toolkit for development. 
D) homunculi. 
E) duration of pregnancy. 
A) complete genome. 
B) use of ATP in energy-transfer reactions. 
C) genetic toolkit for development. 
D) homunculi. 
E) duration of pregnancy.

Question 3

In a frog embryo, the blastocoel is

Accepted Answer

A) completely obliterated by yolk. 
B) lined with endoderm during gastrulation. 
C) located in the animal hemisphere. 
D) the cavity that becomes the coelom. 
E) the cavity that later forms the archenteron. 
A) completely obliterated by yolk. 
B) lined with endoderm during gastrulation. 
C) located in the animal hemisphere. 
D) the cavity that becomes the coelom. 
E) the cavity that later forms the archenteron.

Question 4

In an egg cell treated with EDTA, a chemical that binds calcium and magnesium ions, the

Accepted Answer

A) acrosomal reaction would be blocked. 
B) fusion of sperm and egg nuclei would be blocked. 
C) fast block to polyspermy would not occur. 
D) fertilization envelope would not be formed. 
E) zygote would not contain maternal and paternal chromosomes. 
A) acrosomal reaction would be blocked. 
B) fusion of sperm and egg nuclei would be blocked. 
C) fast block to polyspermy would not occur. 
D) fertilization envelope would not be formed. 
E) zygote would not contain maternal and paternal chromosomes.

Question 5

In placental mammals, the yolk sac

Accepted Answer

A) transfers nutrients from the yolk to the embryo. 
B) differentiates into the placenta. 
C) becomes a fluid-filled sac that surrounds and protects the embryo. 
D) produces blood cells that then migrate into the embryo. 
E) stores waste products from the embryo until the placenta develops. 
A) transfers nutrients from the yolk to the embryo. 
B) differentiates into the placenta. 
C) becomes a fluid-filled sac that surrounds and protects the embryo. 
D) produces blood cells that then migrate into the embryo. 
E) stores waste products from the embryo until the placenta develops.

Question 6

In mammalian eggs, the receptors for sperm are found in the

Accepted Answer

A) fertilization membrane. 
B) zona pellucida. 
C) cytosol of the egg. 
D) nucleus of the egg. 
E) mitochondria of the egg. 
A) fertilization membrane. 
B) zona pellucida. 
C) cytosol of the egg. 
D) nucleus of the egg. 
E) mitochondria of the egg.

Question 7

The proposal that a human sperm contained a miniature human being is consistent with the now-discredited theory of development known as

Accepted Answer

A) epigenesis. 
B) preformation. 
C) cell differentiation. 
D) morphogenesis. 
E) cell theory. 
A) epigenesis. 
B) preformation. 
C) cell differentiation. 
D) morphogenesis. 
E) cell theory.

Question 8

Extraembryonic membranes develop in

Accepted Answer

A) mammals, but not birds or lizards. 
B) birds, but not mammals or lizards. 
C) lizards, but not mammals or birds. 
D) mammals and birds, but not lizards. 
E) mammals, birds, and lizards. 
A) mammals, but not birds or lizards. 
B) birds, but not mammals or lizards. 
C) lizards, but not mammals or birds. 
D) mammals and birds, but not lizards. 
E) mammals, birds, and lizards.

Question 9

In an amphibian embryo, a band of cells called the neural crest

Accepted Answer

A) rolls up and forms the neural tube. 
B) develops into the main sections of the brain. 
C) produces cells that migrate to form teeth, skull bones, and other structures in the embryo. 
D) has been shown by experiments to be the organizer region of the developing embryo. 
E) induces the formation of the notochord. 
A) rolls up and forms the neural tube. 
B) develops into the main sections of the brain. 
C) produces cells that migrate to form teeth, skull bones, and other structures in the embryo. 
D) has been shown by experiments to be the organizer region of the developing embryo. 
E) induces the formation of the notochord.

Question 10

Use the following information to answer the following questions.
In a study of the development of frog embryos, several early gastrulas were stained with vital dyes. The locations of the dyes after gastrulation were noted. The results are shown in the following table.
 $\begin{array} { l l } 
\text { Tissue } & \text { Stain } \
\hline \text { Brain } & \text { red } \
\text { Notochord } & \text { yellow } \
\text { Liver } & \text { green } \
\text { Lens of the eye } & \text { blue } \
\text { Lining of the digestive tract } & \text { purple }
\end{array}$ 
Figure 47.1
-The endoderm was probably stained with

Accepted Answer

A) red and yellow colors. 
B) yellow and green colors. 
C) green and purple colors. 
D) blue and yellow colors. 
E) purple and red colors. 
A) red and yellow colors. 
B) yellow and green colors. 
C) green and purple colors. 
D) blue and yellow colors. 
E) purple and red colors.

Question 11

Hans Spemann and colleagues developed the concept of the primary organizer in amphibian embryos while studying the

Accepted Answer

A) medial cells between the optic cups. 
B) anterior terminus of the notochord. 
C) lateral margins of the neural tube. 
D) posterior edge of the dorsal ectoderm. 
E) dorsal lip of the blastopore. 
A) medial cells between the optic cups. 
B) anterior terminus of the notochord. 
C) lateral margins of the neural tube. 
D) posterior edge of the dorsal ectoderm. 
E) dorsal lip of the blastopore.

Question 12

At the time of implantation, the human embryo is called a

Accepted Answer

A) blastocyst. 
B) gastrula. 
C) fetus. 
D) somite. 
E) zygote. 
A) blastocyst. 
B) gastrula. 
C) fetus. 
D) somite. 
E) zygote.

Question 13

Thalidomide, now banned for use as a sedative in pregnancy, was used in the early 1960s by many women in their first trimester of pregnancy. Some of these women gave birth to children with arm and leg deformities, suggesting that the drug most likely influenced

Accepted Answer

A) early cleavage divisions. 
B) determination of the polarity of the zygote. 
C) differentiation of bone tissue. 
D) morphogenesis. 
E) organogenesis. 
A) early cleavage divisions. 
B) determination of the polarity of the zygote. 
C) differentiation of bone tissue. 
D) morphogenesis. 
E) organogenesis.

Question 14

If an amphibian zygote is manipulated so that the first cleavage plane fails to divide the gray crescent, then

Accepted Answer

A) the daughter cell with the entire gray crescent will die. 
B) both daughter cells will develop normally because amphibians are totipotent at this stage. 
C) only the daughter cell with the gray crescent will develop normally. 
D) both daughter cells will develop abnormally. 
E) both daughter cells will die immediately. 
A) the daughter cell with the entire gray crescent will die. 
B) both daughter cells will develop normally because amphibians are totipotent at this stage. 
C) only the daughter cell with the gray crescent will develop normally. 
D) both daughter cells will develop abnormally. 
E) both daughter cells will die immediately.

Question 15

Although it contributes no cells to the embryo, this structure guides the formation of the primitive streak:

Accepted Answer

A) endoderm 
B) mesoderm 
C) ectoderm 
D) neural crest 
E) hypoblast 
A) endoderm 
B) mesoderm 
C) ectoderm 
D) neural crest 
E) hypoblast

Question 16

Changes in the shape of a cell usually involve a reorganization of the

Accepted Answer

A) nucleus. 
B) cytoskeleton. 
C) extracellular matrix. 
D) transport proteins. 
E) nucleolus. 
A) nucleus. 
B) cytoskeleton. 
C) extracellular matrix. 
D) transport proteins. 
E) nucleolus.

Question 17

A correct statement is:

Accepted Answer

A) The mesoderm gives rise to the notochord. 
B) The endoderm gives rise to the hair follicles. 
C) The ectoderm gives rise to the liver. 
D) The mesoderm gives rise to the lungs. 
A) The mesoderm gives rise to the notochord. 
B) The endoderm gives rise to the hair follicles. 
C) The ectoderm gives rise to the liver. 
D) The mesoderm gives rise to the lungs.

Question 18

Cadherins and other cell-adhesion molecules that guide cell migration are

Accepted Answer

A) steroid hormones. 
B) glycoproteins. 
C) fatty acids. 
D) prostacyclins. 
E) ribonucleic acids. 
A) steroid hormones. 
B) glycoproteins. 
C) fatty acids. 
D) prostacyclins. 
E) ribonucleic acids.

Question 19

Fill in the blanks in the figure below, and draw arrows showing the movement of ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Fill in the blanks in the figure...

Question 20

The vitelline layer of the sea urchin egg

Accepted Answer

A) is outside of the fertilization membrane. 
B) releases calcium, which initiates the cortical reaction. 
C) has receptor molecules that are specific for binding acrosomal proteins. 
D) is first visible only when organogenesis is nearly completed. 
E) is a mesh of proteins crossing through the cytosol of the egg. 
A) is outside of the fertilization membrane. 
B) releases calcium, which initiates the cortical reaction. 
C) has receptor molecules that are specific for binding acrosomal proteins. 
D) is first visible only when organogenesis is nearly completed. 
E) is a mesh of proteins crossing through the cytosol of the egg.

Exam 47: Animal Development

A primitive streak forms during the early embryonic development of

Molecular genetic evidence that certain genes shared by both humans and fruit flies initiate eye development in both species suggest a common

In a frog embryo, the blastocoel is

In an egg cell treated with EDTA, a chemical that binds calcium and magnesium ions, the

In placental mammals, the yolk sac

In mammalian eggs, the receptors for sperm are found in the

The proposal that a human sperm contained a miniature human being is consistent with the now-discredited theory of development known as

Extraembryonic membranes develop in

In an amphibian embryo, a band of cells called the neural crest

Hans Spemann and colleagues developed the concept of the primary organizer in amphibian embryos while studying the

At the time of implantation, the human embryo is called a

Thalidomide, now banned for use as a sedative in pregnancy, was used in the early 1960s by many women in their first trimester of pregnancy. Some of these women gave birth to children with arm and leg deformities, suggesting that the drug most likely influenced

If an amphibian zygote is manipulated so that the first cleavage plane fails to divide the gray crescent, then

Although it contributes no cells to the embryo, this structure guides the formation of the primitive streak:

Changes in the shape of a cell usually involve a reorganization of the

A correct statement is:

Cadherins and other cell-adhesion molecules that guide cell migration are

Fill in the blanks in the figure below, and draw arrows showing the movement of ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.

The vitelline layer of the sea urchin egg

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and the Fitness of the Environment

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Conservation Biology and Restoration Ecology

Filters