Question 1

The "slow block" to polyspermy is due to

Accepted Answer

A) a transient voltage change across the membrane. 
B) the consumption of yolk protein. 
C) the jelly coat blocking sperm penetration. 
D) formation of the fertilization envelope. 
E) inactivation of the sperm acrosome. 
A) a transient voltage change across the membrane. 
B) the consumption of yolk protein. 
C) the jelly coat blocking sperm penetration. 
D) formation of the fertilization envelope. 
E) inactivation of the sperm acrosome.

Question 2

The small portion of the embryo that will become its dorsal side develops from the

Accepted Answer

A) morula. 
B) primitive streak. 
C) archenteron. 
D) gray crescent. 
E) blastocoel. 
A) morula. 
B) primitive streak. 
C) archenteron. 
D) gray crescent. 
E) blastocoel.

Question 3

In the early development of an amphibian embryo, Spemann's "organizer" is located in the

Accepted Answer

A) neural tube. 
B) notochord. 
C) archenteron roof. 
D) dorsal ectoderm. 
E) dorsal lip of the blastopore. 
A) neural tube. 
B) notochord. 
C) archenteron roof. 
D) dorsal ectoderm. 
E) dorsal lip of the blastopore.

Question 4

Uterine implantation due to enzymatic digestion of the endometrium is initiated by

Accepted Answer

A) the inner cell mass. 
B) the endoderm. 
C) the chorion. 
D) the mesoderm. 
E) the trophoblast. 
A) the inner cell mass. 
B) the endoderm. 
C) the chorion. 
D) the mesoderm. 
E) the trophoblast.

Question 5

A puppy is born with a malformed right leg. A veterinarian studies the animal and determines that all of the correct types of cells are present, but that the leg simply took on the wrong shape. This is most likely a problem of

Accepted Answer

A) morphogenesis. 
B) cell differentiation. 
C) histogenesis. 
D) preformation. 
E) fertilization. 
A) morphogenesis. 
B) cell differentiation. 
C) histogenesis. 
D) preformation. 
E) fertilization.

Question 6

If the apical ectodermal ridge is surgically removed from an embryo, it will lose

Accepted Answer

A) positional information for limb-bud pattern formation. 
B) guidance signals needed for correct gastrulation. 
C) unequal cytokinesis of blastomeres. 
D) the developmental substrate for the gonads. 
E) the developmental substrate for the kidneys. 
A) positional information for limb-bud pattern formation. 
B) guidance signals needed for correct gastrulation. 
C) unequal cytokinesis of blastomeres. 
D) the developmental substrate for the gonads. 
E) the developmental substrate for the kidneys.

Question 7

Meroblastic cleavage occurs in

Accepted Answer

A) sea urchins, but not humans or birds. 
B) humans, but not sea urchins or birds. 
C) birds, but not sea urchins or humans. 
D) both sea urchins and birds, but not humans. 
E) both humans and birds, but not sea urchins. 
A) sea urchins, but not humans or birds. 
B) humans, but not sea urchins or birds. 
C) birds, but not sea urchins or humans. 
D) both sea urchins and birds, but not humans. 
E) both humans and birds, but not sea urchins.

Question 8

The term applied to a morphogenetic process whereby cells extend themselves, making the mass of the cells narrower and longer, is

Accepted Answer

A) convergent extension. 
B) induction. 
C) elongational streaming. 
D) bi-axial elongation. 
E) blastomere formation. 
A) convergent extension. 
B) induction. 
C) elongational streaming. 
D) bi-axial elongation. 
E) blastomere formation.

Question 9

Fertilization of an egg without activation is most like

Accepted Answer

A) placing the key in the ignition of a car but not starting the engine. 
B) resting during halftime of a basketball game. 
C) preparing a pie from scratch and baking it in the oven. 
D) walking to the cafeteria and eating lunch. 
E) dropping a rock off a cliff and watching it land in the valley below. 
A) placing the key in the ignition of a car but not starting the engine. 
B) resting during halftime of a basketball game. 
C) preparing a pie from scratch and baking it in the oven. 
D) walking to the cafeteria and eating lunch. 
E) dropping a rock off a cliff and watching it land in the valley below.

Question 10

As an embryo develops, new cells are produced as the result of

Accepted Answer

A) differentiation. 
B) preformation. 
C) cell division. 
D) morphogenesis. 
E) epigenesis. 
A) differentiation. 
B) preformation. 
C) cell division. 
D) morphogenesis. 
E) epigenesis.

Question 11

What structural adaptation in chickens allows them to lay their eggs in arid environments, rather than in water?

Accepted Answer

A) extraembryonic membranes 
B) yolk 
C) cleavage 
D) gastrulation 
E) development of the brain from ectoderm 
A) extraembryonic membranes 
B) yolk 
C) cleavage 
D) gastrulation 
E) development of the brain from ectoderm

Question 12

During the early part of the cleavage stage in frog development, the rapidly developing cells

Accepted Answer

A) skip the mitosis phase of the cell cycle. 
B) skip the S phase of the cell cycle. 
C) skip the G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle. 
D) rapidly increase the volume and mass of the embryo. 
E) skip the cytokinesis phase of the cell cycle. 
A) skip the mitosis phase of the cell cycle. 
B) skip the S phase of the cell cycle. 
C) skip the G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle. 
D) rapidly increase the volume and mass of the embryo. 
E) skip the cytokinesis phase of the cell cycle.

Question 13

The cortical reaction of sea urchin eggs functions directly in the

Accepted Answer

A) formation of a fertilization envelope. 
B) production of a fast block to polyspermy. 
C) release of hydrolytic enzymes from the sperm. 
D) generation of an electrical impulse by the egg. 
E) fusion of egg and sperm nuclei. 
A) formation of a fertilization envelope. 
B) production of a fast block to polyspermy. 
C) release of hydrolytic enzymes from the sperm. 
D) generation of an electrical impulse by the egg. 
E) fusion of egg and sperm nuclei.

Question 14

In a frog embryo, gastrulation

Accepted Answer

A) produces a blastocoel displaced into the animal hemisphere. 
B) occurs along the primitive streak in the animal hemisphere. 
C) is impossible because of the large amount of yolk in the ovum. 
D) proceeds by involution as cells roll over the lip of the blastopore. 
E) occurs within the inner cell mass that is embedded in the large amount of yolk. 
A) produces a blastocoel displaced into the animal hemisphere. 
B) occurs along the primitive streak in the animal hemisphere. 
C) is impossible because of the large amount of yolk in the ovum. 
D) proceeds by involution as cells roll over the lip of the blastopore. 
E) occurs within the inner cell mass that is embedded in the large amount of yolk.

Question 15

In frogs, formation of the eye lens is induced by chemical signals from

Accepted Answer

A) cells that will become the neural plate. 
B) cells that are forming the inner ear. 
C) an outgrowth of the developing brain. 
D) both A and B 
E) both A and C 
A) cells that will become the neural plate. 
B) cells that are forming the inner ear. 
C) an outgrowth of the developing brain. 
D) both A and B 
E) both A and C

Question 16

Which of the following is common to the development of both birds and mammals?

Accepted Answer

A) holoblastic cleavage 
B) epiblast and hypoblast 
C) trophoblast 
D) yolk plug 
E) gray crescent 
A) holoblastic cleavage 
B) epiblast and hypoblast 
C) trophoblast 
D) yolk plug 
E) gray crescent

Question 17

Use the following information to answer the following questions.
In a study of the development of frog embryos, several early gastrulas were stained with vital dyes. The locations of the dyes after gastrulation were noted. The results are shown in the following table.
 $\begin{array} { l l } 
\text { Tissue } & \text { Stain } \
\hline \text { Brain } & \text { red } \
\text { Notochord } & \text { yellow } \
\text { Liver } & \text { green } \
\text { Lens of the eye } & \text { blue } \
\text { Lining of the digestive tract } & \text { purple }
\end{array}$ 
Figure 47.1
-The ectoderm should give rise to tissues containing

Accepted Answer

A) yellow and purple colors. 
B) purple and green colors. 
C) green and red colors. 
D) red and blue colors. 
E) red and yellow colors. 
A) yellow and purple colors. 
B) purple and green colors. 
C) green and red colors. 
D) red and blue colors. 
E) red and yellow colors.

Question 18

Assume that successful reproduction in a rare salamander species, wherein all individuals are females, relies on those females having access to sperm from males of another species but that the resulting embryos show no signs of a genetic contribution from the sperm. In this case, the sperm appear to be used only for

Accepted Answer

A) morphogenesis. 
B) epigenesis. 
C) egg activation. 
D) cell differentiation. 
E) the creation of a diploid cell. 
A) morphogenesis. 
B) epigenesis. 
C) egg activation. 
D) cell differentiation. 
E) the creation of a diploid cell.

Question 19

The archenteron develops into the

Accepted Answer

A) mesoderm. 
B) blastocoel. 
C) endoderm. 
D) placenta. 
E) lumen of the digestive tract. 
A) mesoderm. 
B) blastocoel. 
C) endoderm. 
D) placenta. 
E) lumen of the digestive tract.

Question 20

The least amount of yolk would be found in the egg of a

Accepted Answer

A) bird. 
B) fish. 
C) frog. 
D) eutherian (placental)mammal. 
E) reptile. 
A) bird. 
B) fish. 
C) frog. 
D) eutherian (placental)mammal. 
E) reptile.

Exam 47: Animal Development

The "slow block" to polyspermy is due to

The small portion of the embryo that will become its dorsal side develops from the

In the early development of an amphibian embryo, Spemann's "organizer" is located in the

Uterine implantation due to enzymatic digestion of the endometrium is initiated by

A puppy is born with a malformed right leg. A veterinarian studies the animal and determines that all of the correct types of cells are present, but that the leg simply took on the wrong shape. This is most likely a problem of

If the apical ectodermal ridge is surgically removed from an embryo, it will lose

Meroblastic cleavage occurs in

The term applied to a morphogenetic process whereby cells extend themselves, making the mass of the cells narrower and longer, is

Fertilization of an egg without activation is most like

As an embryo develops, new cells are produced as the result of

What structural adaptation in chickens allows them to lay their eggs in arid environments, rather than in water?

During the early part of the cleavage stage in frog development, the rapidly developing cells

The cortical reaction of sea urchin eggs functions directly in the

In a frog embryo, gastrulation

In frogs, formation of the eye lens is induced by chemical signals from

Which of the following is common to the development of both birds and mammals?

The archenteron develops into the

The least amount of yolk would be found in the egg of a

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and the Fitness of the Environment

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Conservation Biology and Restoration Ecology

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