Question 1

Which of the following cell types are responsible for initiating a secondary immune response?

Accepted Answer

A) memory cells 
B) macrophages 
C) stem cells 
D) B cells 
E) T cells 
A) memory cells 
B) macrophages 
C) stem cells 
D) B cells 
E) T cells

Question 2

Use the information below as background for the following questions.
Immunodeficiencies may be genetic in origin. Two examples of these are Bruton's agammaglobulinemia, an X-linked disorder, and DiGeorge syndrome, caused by a deletion from chromosome 22. Bruton's results in underdeveloped B cells, while DiGeorge syndrome results in a missing or seriously underdeveloped thymus.
-Most newly emerging diseases, no matter how severe their effects on a population, human or otherwise, have which of the following in common?

Accepted Answer

A) greater severity as there are more and more occurrences of the infection 
B) major pandemics, spreading the infection far and wide in the population 
C) a tendency to die out rather quickly, cease to reproduce, or cause a less severe effect on the host 
D) a destruction of the host immune system and eventual cancer 
E) no discoverable relationship with other pathogens in the same or related species 
A) greater severity as there are more and more occurrences of the infection 
B) major pandemics, spreading the infection far and wide in the population 
C) a tendency to die out rather quickly, cease to reproduce, or cause a less severe effect on the host 
D) a destruction of the host immune system and eventual cancer 
E) no discoverable relationship with other pathogens in the same or related species

Question 3

The MHC is important in a T cell's ability to

Accepted Answer

A) distinguish self from nonself. 
B) recognize specific parasitic pathogens. 
C) identify specific bacterial pathogens. 
D) identify specific viruses. 
E) recognize differences among types of cancer. 
A) distinguish self from nonself. 
B) recognize specific parasitic pathogens. 
C) identify specific bacterial pathogens. 
D) identify specific viruses. 
E) recognize differences among types of cancer.

Question 4

Use the following information to answer the following questions.
An otherwise healthy student in your class is infected with EBV, the virus that causes infectious mononucleosis. The same student had already been infected when she was a child, and she had merely experienced a mild sore throat and swollen lymph nodes in her neck. This time, though infected, she does not get sick.
-Which of the following are T cells of the immune system?

Accepted Answer

A) CD4, CD8, and plasma cells 
B) cytotoxic and helper cells 
C) plasma, antigen-presenting, and memory cells 
D) lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells 
E) class I MHC, class II MHC, and memory cells 
A) CD4, CD8, and plasma cells 
B) cytotoxic and helper cells 
C) plasma, antigen-presenting, and memory cells 
D) lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells 
E) class I MHC, class II MHC, and memory cells

Question 5

When antibodies attack antigens, clumping of the affected cells generally occurs. This is best explained by

Accepted Answer

A) the shape of the antibody with at least two binding regions. 
B) disulfide bridges between the antigens. 
C) complement that makes the affected cells sticky. 
D) bonds between class I and class II MHC molecules. 
E) denaturation of the antibodies. 
A) the shape of the antibody with at least two binding regions. 
B) disulfide bridges between the antigens. 
C) complement that makes the affected cells sticky. 
D) bonds between class I and class II MHC molecules. 
E) denaturation of the antibodies.

Question 6

The next questions refer to the following data on blood types.
 $$\begin{array} { l l l l } 
& \text { Case 1 } & \text { Case 2 } & \text { Case 3 } \
\hline \text { Mother } & \mathrm { A } , \mathrm { Rh } ^ { - } & \mathrm { O } , \mathrm { Rh } ^ { - } & \mathrm { AB } , \mathrm { Rh } ^ { + } \
\text {Fetus } & \mathrm { A } , \mathrm { Rh } ^ { + } & \mathrm { A } , \mathrm { Rh } ^ { - } & \mathrm { A } , \mathrm { Rh } ^ { - }
\end{array}$$ Figure 43.2
-In which of the cases would the precaution likely be taken to give the mother anti-Rh antibodies before delivering her baby?

Accepted Answer

A) Case 1 only 
B) Case 3 only 
C) Cases 1 and 2 only 
D) Cases 1, 2, and 3 
E) It cannot be determined from the data given. 
A) Case 1 only 
B) Case 3 only 
C) Cases 1 and 2 only 
D) Cases 1, 2, and 3 
E) It cannot be determined from the data given.

Question 7

Use the following information to answer the following questions.
An otherwise healthy student in your class is infected with EBV, the virus that causes infectious mononucleosis. The same student had already been infected when she was a child, and she had merely experienced a mild sore throat and swollen lymph nodes in her neck. This time, though infected, she does not get sick.
-These cells are involved in innate immunity, and a person lacking these cells may have a higher than normal chance of developing malignant tumors:

Accepted Answer

A) cytotoxic T cells 
B) natural killer cells 
C) helper T cells 
D) macrophages 
E) B cells 
A) cytotoxic T cells 
B) natural killer cells 
C) helper T cells 
D) macrophages 
E) B cells

Question 8

Use the following information to answer the following questions.
Cave art by early humans recognized the existence of the major signs of inflammation.
-Clonal selection implies that

Accepted Answer

A) brothers and sisters have similar immune responses. 
B) antigens increase mitosis in specific lymphocytes. 
C) only certain cells can produce interferon. 
D) a B cell has multiple types of antigen receptors. 
E) the body selects which antigens it will respond to. 
A) brothers and sisters have similar immune responses. 
B) antigens increase mitosis in specific lymphocytes. 
C) only certain cells can produce interferon. 
D) a B cell has multiple types of antigen receptors. 
E) the body selects which antigens it will respond to.

Question 9

Which action below is affected by an antihistamine?

Accepted Answer

A) blood vessel dilation 
B) phagocytosis of antigens 
C) MHC presentation by macrophages 
D) the secondary immune response 
E) clonal selection by antigens 
A) blood vessel dilation 
B) phagocytosis of antigens 
C) MHC presentation by macrophages 
D) the secondary immune response 
E) clonal selection by antigens

Question 10

Which cells and which signaling molecules are responsible for initiating an inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

A) phagocytes: lysozymes 
B) phagocytes: chemokines 
C) dendritic cells: interferons 
D) mast cells: histamines 
E) lymphocytes: interferons 
A) phagocytes: lysozymes 
B) phagocytes: chemokines 
C) dendritic cells: interferons 
D) mast cells: histamines 
E) lymphocytes: interferons

Question 11

Use the following information to answer the following questions.
Cave art by early humans recognized the existence of the major signs of inflammation.
-A bacterium has elements on its surface that are resistant to lysozyme. If an individual is infected with this bacterium, what is a probable consequence?

Accepted Answer

A) destruction of the bacterium by NK cells 
B) successful reproduction of the bacterium and continued disease 
C) removal of the bacterium by dendritic cells 
D) the individual's humoral immunity will immediately take over 
E) lymphocytes will migrate from the thymus to manage the bacterium 
A) destruction of the bacterium by NK cells 
B) successful reproduction of the bacterium and continued disease 
C) removal of the bacterium by dendritic cells 
D) the individual's humoral immunity will immediately take over 
E) lymphocytes will migrate from the thymus to manage the bacterium

Question 12

Which of the following results in long-term immunity?

Accepted Answer

A) the passage of maternal antibodies to a developing fetus 
B) the inflammatory response to a splinter 
C) the administration of serum obtained from people immune to rabies 
D) the administration of the chicken pox vaccine 
E) the passage of maternal antibodies to a nursing infant 
A) the passage of maternal antibodies to a developing fetus 
B) the inflammatory response to a splinter 
C) the administration of serum obtained from people immune to rabies 
D) the administration of the chicken pox vaccine 
E) the passage of maternal antibodies to a nursing infant

Question 13

Use the following information to answer the following questions.
An otherwise healthy student in your class is infected with EBV, the virus that causes infectious mononucleosis. The same student had already been infected when she was a child, and she had merely experienced a mild sore throat and swollen lymph nodes in her neck. This time, though infected, she does not get sick.
-What are CD4 and CD8?

Accepted Answer

A) proteins secreted by antigen-presenting cells 
B) receptors present on the surface of natural killer (NK)cells 
C) T-independent antigens 
D) molecules present on the surface of T cells where they enhance cellular interaction 
E) molecules on the surface of antigen-presenting cells where they enhance B cell activity 
A) proteins secreted by antigen-presenting cells 
B) receptors present on the surface of natural killer (NK)cells 
C) T-independent antigens 
D) molecules present on the surface of T cells where they enhance cellular interaction 
E) molecules on the surface of antigen-presenting cells where they enhance B cell activity

Question 14

Use the following information to answer the following questions.
An otherwise healthy student in your class is infected with EBV, the virus that causes infectious mononucleosis. The same student had already been infected when she was a child, and she had merely experienced a mild sore throat and swollen lymph nodes in her neck. This time, though infected, she does not get sick.
-The EBV antigen fragments will be presented by the virus-infected cells along with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) complement 
B) antibodies 
C) class I MHC molecules 
D) class II MHC molecules 
E) Dendritic cells 
A) complement 
B) antibodies 
C) class I MHC molecules 
D) class II MHC molecules 
E) Dendritic cells

Question 15

How do antibodies of the different classes IgM, IgG, IgA, IgD, and IgE differ from each other?

Accepted Answer

A) in the way they are produced 
B) in their heavy chain structure 
C) in the type of cell that produces them 
D) by the antigenic determinants that they recognize 
E) by the number of carbohydrate subunits they have 
A) in the way they are produced 
B) in their heavy chain structure 
C) in the type of cell that produces them 
D) by the antigenic determinants that they recognize 
E) by the number of carbohydrate subunits they have

Question 16

Use the following information to answer the following questions.
Cave art by early humans recognized the existence of the major signs of inflammation.
-What are antigens?

Accepted Answer

A) proteins found in the blood that cause foreign blood cells to clump 
B) proteins embedded in B cell membranes 
C) proteins that consist of two light and two heavy polypeptide chains 
D) foreign molecules that trigger the generation of antibodies 
E) proteins released during an inflammatory response 
A) proteins found in the blood that cause foreign blood cells to clump 
B) proteins embedded in B cell membranes 
C) proteins that consist of two light and two heavy polypeptide chains 
D) foreign molecules that trigger the generation of antibodies 
E) proteins released during an inflammatory response

Question 17

A bone marrow transplant may not be appropriate from a given donor (Jane)to a given recipient (Jane's cousin Bob), even though Jane has previously given blood for one of Bob's needed transfusions. Which of the following might account for this?

Accepted Answer

A) Jane's blood type is a match to Bob's but her MHC proteins are not. 
B) A blood type match is less stringent than a match required for transplant because blood is more tolerant of change. 
C) For each gene, there is only one blood allele but many tissue alleles. 
D) Jane's class II genes are not expressed in bone marrow. 
E) Bob's immune response has been made inadequate before he receives the transplant. 
A) Jane's blood type is a match to Bob's but her MHC proteins are not. 
B) A blood type match is less stringent than a match required for transplant because blood is more tolerant of change. 
C) For each gene, there is only one blood allele but many tissue alleles. 
D) Jane's class II genes are not expressed in bone marrow. 
E) Bob's immune response has been made inadequate before he receives the transplant.

Question 18

Use the following information to answer the following questions.
An otherwise healthy student in your class is infected with EBV, the virus that causes infectious mononucleosis. The same student had already been infected when she was a child, and she had merely experienced a mild sore throat and swollen lymph nodes in her neck. This time, though infected, she does not get sick.
-The following events occur when a mammalian immune system first encounters a pathogen. Which shows the correct sequence in which they occur?
I. Pathogen is destroyed.
II. Lymphocytes secrete antibodies.
III. Antigenic determinants from pathogen bind to antigen receptors on lymphocytes.
IV. Lymphocytes specific to antigenic determinants from pathogen become numerous.
V. Only memory cells remain.

Accepted Answer

A) I → III → II → IV → V 
B) III → II → I → V → IV 
C) II → I → IV → III → V 
D) IV → II → III → I → V 
E) III → IV → II → I → V 
A) I → III → II → IV → V 
B) III → II → I → V → IV 
C) II → I → IV → III → V 
D) IV → II → III → I → V 
E) III → IV → II → I → V

Question 19

HIV targets include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) macrophages. 
B) cytotoxic T cells. 
C) helper T cells. 
D) cells bearing CD4. 
E) brain cells. 
A) macrophages. 
B) cytotoxic T cells. 
C) helper T cells. 
D) cells bearing CD4. 
E) brain cells.

Question 20

Mammals have Toll-like receptors (TLRs)that act in a manner similar to those of insects. While not specific to a particular pathogen, a TLR can recognize a kind of macromolecule that is absent from vertebrates but present in/on certain groups of pathogens. Which of the following is most likely to be recognized by a particular TLR that defends against some viruses?

Accepted Answer

A) lipopolysaccharides 
B) double-stranded DNA 
C) double-stranded RNA 
D) glycoproteins 
E) phospholipids 
A) lipopolysaccharides 
B) double-stranded DNA 
C) double-stranded RNA 
D) glycoproteins 
E) phospholipids

Exam 43: The Immune System

Which of the following cell types are responsible for initiating a secondary immune response?

The MHC is important in a T cell's ability to

When antibodies attack antigens, clumping of the affected cells generally occurs. This is best explained by

The next questions refer to the following data on blood types. Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Mother , , , Fetus , , , Figure 43.2 -In which of the cases would the precaution likely be taken to give the mother anti-Rh antibodies before delivering her baby?

Use the following information to answer the following questions. Cave art by early humans recognized the existence of the major signs of inflammation. -Clonal selection implies that

Which action below is affected by an antihistamine?

Which cells and which signaling molecules are responsible for initiating an inflammatory response?

Which of the following results in long-term immunity?

How do antibodies of the different classes IgM, IgG, IgA, IgD, and IgE differ from each other?

Use the following information to answer the following questions. Cave art by early humans recognized the existence of the major signs of inflammation. -What are antigens?

A bone marrow transplant may not be appropriate from a given donor (Jane)to a given recipient (Jane's cousin Bob), even though Jane has previously given blood for one of Bob's needed transfusions. Which of the following might account for this?

HIV targets include all of the following except

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and the Fitness of the Environment

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

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An Introduction to Metabolism

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Mendel and the Gene Idea

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