Question 1

The N-P-K percentages on a package of fertilizer refer to the

Accepted Answer

A) total protein content of the three major ingredients of the fertilizer. 
B) percentages of manure collected from different types of animals. 
C) relative percentages of organic and inorganic nutrients in the fertilizer. 
D) percentages of three important mineral nutrients. 
E) proportions of three different nitrogen sources. 
A) total protein content of the three major ingredients of the fertilizer. 
B) percentages of manure collected from different types of animals. 
C) relative percentages of organic and inorganic nutrients in the fertilizer. 
D) percentages of three important mineral nutrients. 
E) proportions of three different nitrogen sources.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the general role of micronutrients in plants?

Accepted Answer

A) They are cofactors in enzymatic reactions. 
B) They are necessary for essential regulatory functions. 
C) They prevent chlorosis. 
D) They are components of nucleic acids. 
E) They are necessary for the formation of cell walls. 
A) They are cofactors in enzymatic reactions. 
B) They are necessary for essential regulatory functions. 
C) They prevent chlorosis. 
D) They are components of nucleic acids. 
E) They are necessary for the formation of cell walls.

Question 3

What is the mutualistic association between roots and fungi called?

Accepted Answer

A) nitrogen fixation 
B) Rhizobium infection 
C) mycorrhizae 
D) parasitism 
E) root hair enhancement 
A) nitrogen fixation 
B) Rhizobium infection 
C) mycorrhizae 
D) parasitism 
E) root hair enhancement

Question 4

If an African violet has chlorosis, which of the following elements might be a useful addition to the soil?

Accepted Answer

A) chlorine 
B) molybdenum 
C) copper 
D) iodine 
E) magnesium 
A) chlorine 
B) molybdenum 
C) copper 
D) iodine 
E) magnesium

Question 5

Why does over-watering a plant kill it?

Accepted Answer

A) Water does not have all the necessary minerals a plant needs to grow. 
B) Water neutralizes the pH of the soil. 
C) The roots are deprived of oxygen. 
D) Water supports the growth of root parasites. 
E) Water lowers the water potential of the roots. 
A) Water does not have all the necessary minerals a plant needs to grow. 
B) Water neutralizes the pH of the soil. 
C) The roots are deprived of oxygen. 
D) Water supports the growth of root parasites. 
E) Water lowers the water potential of the roots.

Question 6

The most efficient way to increase essential amino acids in crop plants for human consumption is to

Accepted Answer

A) breed for higher yield of deficient amino acids. 
B) increase the amount of fertilizer used on fields. 
C) use 20-20-20 fertilizer instead of 20-5-5 fertilizer. 
D) engineer nitrogen-fixing nodules into crop plants lacking them. 
E) increase irrigation of nitrogen-fixing crops. 
A) breed for higher yield of deficient amino acids. 
B) increase the amount of fertilizer used on fields. 
C) use 20-20-20 fertilizer instead of 20-5-5 fertilizer. 
D) engineer nitrogen-fixing nodules into crop plants lacking them. 
E) increase irrigation of nitrogen-fixing crops.

Question 7

For this pair of items, choose the option that best describes their relationship. (A)The percent of plant species that form ectomycorrhizae
(B)The percent of plant species that form arbuscular mycorrhizae

Accepted Answer

A) Item (
A) is greater than item (
B) . 
B) Item (
A) is less than item (
B) . 
C) Item (
A) is exactly or very approximately equal to item (
B) . 
D) Item (
A) may stand in more than one of the above relations to item (
B) . 
A) Item (
A) is greater than item (
B) . 
B) Item (
A) is less than item (
B) . 
C) Item (
A) is exactly or very approximately equal to item (
B) . 
D) Item (
A) may stand in more than one of the above relations to item (
B) .

Question 8

Which of the following elements is incorrectly paired with its function in a plant?

Accepted Answer

A) nitrogen component of nucleic acids, proteins, hormones, coenzymes 
B) magnesium component of chlorophyll; activates many enzymes 
C) phosphorus component of nucleic acids, phospholipids, ATP, several coenzymes 
D) potassium cofactor functional in protein synthesis; osmosis; operation of stomata 
E) sulfur component of DNA; activates some enzymes 
A) nitrogen component of nucleic acids, proteins, hormones, coenzymes 
B) magnesium component of chlorophyll; activates many enzymes 
C) phosphorus component of nucleic acids, phospholipids, ATP, several coenzymes 
D) potassium cofactor functional in protein synthesis; osmosis; operation of stomata 
E) sulfur component of DNA; activates some enzymes

Question 9

For this pair of items, choose the option that best describes their relationship. (A)The average size of particles that constitute silt
(B)The average size of particles that constitute clay

Accepted Answer

A) Item (
A) is greater than item (
B) . 
B) Item (
A) is less than item (
B) . 
C) Item (
A) is exactly or very approximately equal to item (
B) . 
D) Item (
A) may stand in more than one of the above relations to item (
B) . 
A) Item (
A) is greater than item (
B) . 
B) Item (
A) is less than item (
B) . 
C) Item (
A) is exactly or very approximately equal to item (
B) . 
D) Item (
A) may stand in more than one of the above relations to item (
B) .

Question 10

What are epiphytes?

Accepted Answer

A) aerial vines common in tropical regions 
B) haustoria used for anchoring to host plants and obtaining xylem sap 
C) plants that live in poor soil and digest insects to obtain nitrogen 
D) plants that grow on other plants but do not obtain nutrients from their hosts 
E) plants that have a symbiotic relationship with fungi 
A) aerial vines common in tropical regions 
B) haustoria used for anchoring to host plants and obtaining xylem sap 
C) plants that live in poor soil and digest insects to obtain nitrogen 
D) plants that grow on other plants but do not obtain nutrients from their hosts 
E) plants that have a symbiotic relationship with fungi

Question 11

In west Texas, cotton has become an important crop in the last several decades. However, in this hot, dry part of the country there is little rainfall, so farmers irrigate their cotton fields. They must also regularly fertilize the cotton fields because the soil is very sandy. Figure 37.2 shows the record of annual productivity (measured in kilograms of cotton per hectare of land) since 1960 in a west Texas cotton field. Use these data to answer the following questions.
   
Figure 37.2
-A farming commitment that embraces a variety of methods that are conservation-minded, environmentally safe, and profitable is called

Accepted Answer

A) hydroponics. 
B) nitrogen fixation. 
C) responsible irrigation. 
D) genetic engineering. 
E) sustainable agriculture. 
A) hydroponics. 
B) nitrogen fixation. 
C) responsible irrigation. 
D) genetic engineering. 
E) sustainable agriculture.

Question 12

Why is nitrogen fixation such an important process?

Accepted Answer

A) Nitrogen fixation can only be done by certain prokaryotes. 
B) Fixed nitrogen is most often the limiting factor in plant growth. 
C) Nitrogen fixation is very expensive in terms of metabolic energy. 
D) Nitrogen fixers are sometimes symbiotic with legumes. 
E) Nitrogen-fixing capacity can be genetically engineered. 
A) Nitrogen fixation can only be done by certain prokaryotes. 
B) Fixed nitrogen is most often the limiting factor in plant growth. 
C) Nitrogen fixation is very expensive in terms of metabolic energy. 
D) Nitrogen fixers are sometimes symbiotic with legumes. 
E) Nitrogen-fixing capacity can be genetically engineered.

Question 13

Deficiency of a mobile nutrient usually affects older organs more than younger ones.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

A woodlot was sprayed with a fungicide. What would be the most serious effect of such spraying?

Accepted Answer

A) a decrease in food for animals that eat mushrooms 
B) an increase in rates of wood decay 
C) a decrease in tree growth due to the death of mycorrhizae 
D) an increase in the number of decomposing bacteria 
E) A and B 
A) a decrease in food for animals that eat mushrooms 
B) an increase in rates of wood decay 
C) a decrease in tree growth due to the death of mycorrhizae 
D) an increase in the number of decomposing bacteria 
E) A and B

Question 15

Which element is important in the formation and stability of cell walls?

Accepted Answer

A) zinc 
B) chlorine 
C) calcium 
D) molybdenum 
E) manganese 
A) zinc 
B) chlorine 
C) calcium 
D) molybdenum 
E) manganese

Question 16

What is the major function of nitrogen in plants?

Accepted Answer

A) component of lignin-biosynthetic enzymes 
B) component of DNA and RNA 
C) a component of chlorophyll 
D) active in amino acid formation 
E) required to regenerate phospophenolpyruvate in C4 and CAM plants 
A) component of lignin-biosynthetic enzymes 
B) component of DNA and RNA 
C) a component of chlorophyll 
D) active in amino acid formation 
E) required to regenerate phospophenolpyruvate in C4 and CAM plants

Question 17

Nitrogen fixation is a process that

Accepted Answer

A) recycles nitrogen compounds from dead and decaying materials. 
B) converts ammonia to nitrate. 
C) releases nitrate from the rock substrate. 
D) converts nitrogen gas into ammonia. 
E) A and B 
A) recycles nitrogen compounds from dead and decaying materials. 
B) converts ammonia to nitrate. 
C) releases nitrate from the rock substrate. 
D) converts nitrogen gas into ammonia. 
E) A and B

Question 18

Most of the dry weight of a plant is the result of uptake of

Accepted Answer

A) water and minerals through root hairs. 
B) water and minerals through mycorrhizae. 
C) CO2 through stoma. 
D) CO2 and O2 through stomata in leaves. 
E) carbohydrates in the root hairs and concentration in the root cortex. 
A) water and minerals through root hairs. 
B) water and minerals through mycorrhizae. 
C) CO2 through stoma. 
D) CO2 and O2 through stomata in leaves. 
E) carbohydrates in the root hairs and concentration in the root cortex.

Question 19

Phytoremediation is a biotechnology that uses the ability of some plants to extract soil pollutants and concentrate them in portions of the plant that can be easily removed for safe disposal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Plant roots excrete substances that bind the soil particles and raise the soil pH.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 37: Soil and Plant Nutrition

The N-P-K percentages on a package of fertilizer refer to the

Which of the following best describes the general role of micronutrients in plants?

What is the mutualistic association between roots and fungi called?

If an African violet has chlorosis, which of the following elements might be a useful addition to the soil?

Why does over-watering a plant kill it?

The most efficient way to increase essential amino acids in crop plants for human consumption is to

For this pair of items, choose the option that best describes their relationship. (A)The percent of plant species that form ectomycorrhizae (B)The percent of plant species that form arbuscular mycorrhizae

Which of the following elements is incorrectly paired with its function in a plant?

For this pair of items, choose the option that best describes their relationship. (A)The average size of particles that constitute silt (B)The average size of particles that constitute clay

What are epiphytes?

Why is nitrogen fixation such an important process?

Deficiency of a mobile nutrient usually affects older organs more than younger ones.

A woodlot was sprayed with a fungicide. What would be the most serious effect of such spraying?

Which element is important in the formation and stability of cell walls?

What is the major function of nitrogen in plants?

Nitrogen fixation is a process that

Most of the dry weight of a plant is the result of uptake of

Phytoremediation is a biotechnology that uses the ability of some plants to extract soil pollutants and concentrate them in portions of the plant that can be easily removed for safe disposal.

Plant roots excrete substances that bind the soil particles and raise the soil pH.

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and the Fitness of the Environment

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Transport in Vascular Plants

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Conservation Biology and Restoration Ecology

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