Question 1

Which of the following seals the sticky ends of restriction fragments to make recombinant DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) restriction enzymes 
B) gene cloning 
C) DNA ligase 
D) gel electrophoresis 
E) reverse transcriptase 
A) restriction enzymes 
B) gene cloning 
C) DNA ligase 
D) gel electrophoresis 
E) reverse transcriptase

Question 2

Restriction fragments of DNA are typically separated from one another by which process?

Accepted Answer

A) filtering 
B) centrifugation 
C) gel electrophoresis 
D) PCR 
E) electron microscopy 
A) filtering 
B) centrifugation 
C) gel electrophoresis 
D) PCR 
E) electron microscopy

Question 3

Which of the following is used to make complementary DNA (cDNA)from RNA?

Accepted Answer

A) restriction enzymes 
B) gene cloning 
C) DNA ligase 
D) gel electrophoresis 
E) reverse transcriptase 
A) restriction enzymes 
B) gene cloning 
C) DNA ligase 
D) gel electrophoresis 
E) reverse transcriptase

Question 4

What is the enzymatic function of restriction enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A) to add new nucleotides to the growing strand of DNA 
B) to join nucleotides during replication 
C) to join nucleotides during transcription 
D) to cleave nucleic acids at specific sites 
E) to repair breaks in sugar-phosphate backbones 
A) to add new nucleotides to the growing strand of DNA 
B) to join nucleotides during replication 
C) to join nucleotides during transcription 
D) to cleave nucleic acids at specific sites 
E) to repair breaks in sugar-phosphate backbones

Question 5

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
A eukaryotic gene has "sticky ends" produced by the restriction endonuclease EcoRI. The gene is added to a mixture containing EcoRI and a bacterial plasmid that carries two genes conferring resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline. The plasmid has one recognition site for EcoRI located in the tetracycline resistance gene. This mixture is incubated for several hours, exposed to DNA ligase, and then added to bacteria growing in nutrient broth. The bacteria are allowed to grow overnight and are streaked on a plate using a technique that produces isolated colonies that are clones of the original. Samples of these colonies are then grown in four different media: nutrient broth plus ampicillin, nutrient broth plus tetracycline, nutrient broth plus ampicillin and tetracycline, and nutrient broth without antibiotics.
-A principal problem with inserting an unmodified mammalian gene into a bacterial plasmid, and then getting that gene expressed in bacteria, is that

Accepted Answer

A) prokaryotes use a different genetic code from that of eukaryotes. 
B) bacteria translate polycistronic messages only. 
C) bacteria cannot remove eukaryotic introns. 
D) bacterial RNA polymerase cannot make RNA complementary to mammalian DNA. 
E) bacterial DNA is not found in a membrane-bounded nucleus and is therefore incompatible with mammalian DNA. 
A) prokaryotes use a different genetic code from that of eukaryotes. 
B) bacteria translate polycistronic messages only. 
C) bacteria cannot remove eukaryotic introns. 
D) bacterial RNA polymerase cannot make RNA complementary to mammalian DNA. 
E) bacterial DNA is not found in a membrane-bounded nucleus and is therefore incompatible with mammalian DNA.

Question 6

Why are yeast cells frequently used as hosts for cloning?

Accepted Answer

A) they easily form colonies 
B) they can remove exons from mRNA. 
C) they do not have plasmids. 
D) they are eukaryotic cells 
E) only yeast cells allow the gene to be cloned 
A) they easily form colonies 
B) they can remove exons from mRNA. 
C) they do not have plasmids. 
D) they are eukaryotic cells 
E) only yeast cells allow the gene to be cloned

Question 7

The first cell whose entire genome was sequenced was which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) H. influenzae in 1995 
B) H. sapiens in 2001 
C) rice in 1955 
D) tobacco mosaic virus 
E) HIV in 1998 
A) H. influenzae in 1995 
B) H. sapiens in 2001 
C) rice in 1955 
D) tobacco mosaic virus 
E) HIV in 1998

Question 8

Which of the following separates molecules by movement due to size and electrical charge?

Accepted Answer

A) restriction enzymes 
B) gene cloning 
C) DNA ligase 
D) gel electrophoresis 
E) reverse transcriptase 
A) restriction enzymes 
B) gene cloning 
C) DNA ligase 
D) gel electrophoresis 
E) reverse transcriptase

Question 9

Scientists developed a set of guidelines to address the safety of DNA technology. Which of the following is one of the adopted safety measures?

Accepted Answer

A) Microorganisms used in recombinant DNA experiments are genetically crippled to ensure that they cannot survive outside of the laboratory. 
B) Genetically modified organisms are not allowed to be part of our food supply. 
C) Transgenic plants are engineered so that the plant genes cannot hybridize. 
D) Experiments involving HIV or other potentially dangerous viruses have been banned. 
E) Recombinant plasmids cannot be replicated. 
A) Microorganisms used in recombinant DNA experiments are genetically crippled to ensure that they cannot survive outside of the laboratory. 
B) Genetically modified organisms are not allowed to be part of our food supply. 
C) Transgenic plants are engineered so that the plant genes cannot hybridize. 
D) Experiments involving HIV or other potentially dangerous viruses have been banned. 
E) Recombinant plasmids cannot be replicated.

Question 10

Bacteria containing recombinant plasmids are often identified by which process?

Accepted Answer

A) examining the cells with an electron microscope 
B) using radioactive tracers to locate the plasmids 
C) exposing the bacteria to an antibiotic that kills cells lacking the resistant plasmid 
D) removing the DNA of all cells in a culture to see which cells have plasmids 
E) producing antibodies specific for each bacterium containing a recombinant plasmid 
A) examining the cells with an electron microscope 
B) using radioactive tracers to locate the plasmids 
C) exposing the bacteria to an antibiotic that kills cells lacking the resistant plasmid 
D) removing the DNA of all cells in a culture to see which cells have plasmids 
E) producing antibodies specific for each bacterium containing a recombinant plasmid

Exam 20: Biotechnology

Which of the following seals the sticky ends of restriction fragments to make recombinant DNA?

Restriction fragments of DNA are typically separated from one another by which process?

Which of the following is used to make complementary DNA (cDNA)from RNA?

What is the enzymatic function of restriction enzymes?

Why are yeast cells frequently used as hosts for cloning?

The first cell whose entire genome was sequenced was which of the following?

Which of the following separates molecules by movement due to size and electrical charge?

Scientists developed a set of guidelines to address the safety of DNA technology. Which of the following is one of the adopted safety measures?

Bacteria containing recombinant plasmids are often identified by which process?

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and the Fitness of the Environment

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Conservation Biology and Restoration Ecology

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