Question 1

Where does the Calvin cycle take place?

Accepted Answer

A) stroma of the chloroplast 
B) thylakoid membrane 
C) cytoplasm surrounding the chloroplast 
D) chlorophyll molecule 
E) outer membrane of the chloroplast 
A) stroma of the chloroplast 
B) thylakoid membrane 
C) cytoplasm surrounding the chloroplast 
D) chlorophyll molecule 
E) outer membrane of the chloroplast

Question 2

Figure 10.1  
-P680⁺ is said to be the strongest biological oxidizing agent. Why?

Accepted Answer

A) It is the receptor for the most excited electron in either photosystem. 
B) It is the molecule that transfers electrons to plastoquinone (Pq)of the electron transfer system. 
C) NADP reductase will then catalyze the shift of the electron from Fd to NADP⁺ to reduce it to NADPH. 
D) This molecule results from the transfer of an electron to the primary electron acceptor of photosystem II and strongly attracts another electron. 
E) This molecule is found far more frequently among bacteria as well as in plants and plantlike Protists. 
A) It is the receptor for the most excited electron in either photosystem. 
B) It is the molecule that transfers electrons to plastoquinone (Pq)of the electron transfer system. 
C) NADP reductase will then catalyze the shift of the electron from Fd to NADP⁺ to reduce it to NADPH. 
D) This molecule results from the transfer of an electron to the primary electron acceptor of photosystem II and strongly attracts another electron. 
E) This molecule is found far more frequently among bacteria as well as in plants and plantlike Protists.

Question 3

Figure 10.1  
-Generation of proton gradients across membranes occurs during

Accepted Answer

A) photosynthesis. 
B) respiration. 
C) both photosynthesis and respiration. 
D) neither photosynthesis nor respiration. 
E) photorespiration. 
A) photosynthesis. 
B) respiration. 
C) both photosynthesis and respiration. 
D) neither photosynthesis nor respiration. 
E) photorespiration.

Question 4

Figure 10.3  
-Photorespiration lowers the efficiency of photosynthesis by preventing the formation of

Accepted Answer

A) carbon dioxide molecules. 
B) 3-phosphoglycerate molecules 
C) ATP molecules. 
D) ribulose bisphosphate molecules. 
E) RuBP carboxylase molecules. 
A) carbon dioxide molecules. 
B) 3-phosphoglycerate molecules 
C) ATP molecules. 
D) ribulose bisphosphate molecules. 
E) RuBP carboxylase molecules.

Question 5

Figure 10.3  
-Referring to Figure 10.3, oxygen would inhibit the CO₂ fixation reactions in

Accepted Answer

A) cell I only. 
B) cell II only. 
C) neither cell I nor cell II. 
D) both cell I and cell II. 
E) cell I during the night and cell II during the day. 
A) cell I only. 
B) cell II only. 
C) neither cell I nor cell II. 
D) both cell I and cell II. 
E) cell I during the night and cell II during the day.

Question 6

Figure 10.1  
-Where do the enzymatic reactions of the Calvin cycle take place?

Accepted Answer

A) stroma of the chloroplast 
B) thylakoid membranes 
C) outer membrane of the chloroplast 
D) electron transport chain 
E) thylakoid space 
A) stroma of the chloroplast 
B) thylakoid membranes 
C) outer membrane of the chloroplast 
D) electron transport chain 
E) thylakoid space

Question 7

Figure 10.3  
-Which of the following does not occur during the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) carbon fixation 
B) oxidation of NADPH 
C) release of oxygen 
D) regeneration of the CO₂ acceptor 
E) consumption of ATP 
A) carbon fixation 
B) oxidation of NADPH 
C) release of oxygen 
D) regeneration of the CO₂ acceptor 
E) consumption of ATP

Question 8

Figure 10.1  
-Cyclic electron flow may be photoprotective (protective to light-induced damage). Which of the following experiments could provide information on this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A) using mutated organisms that can grow but that cannot carry out cyclic flow of electrons and compare their abilities to photosynthesize in different light intensities 
B) using plants that can carry out both linear and cyclic electron flow, or only one or another of thee processes, and measuring their light absorbance 
C) using bacteria that have only cyclic flow and look for their frequency of mutation damage 
D) using bacteria with only cyclic flow and measuring the number and types of photosynthetic pigments they have in their membranes 
E) using plants with only photosystem I operative and measure how much damage occurs at different wavelengths. 
A) using mutated organisms that can grow but that cannot carry out cyclic flow of electrons and compare their abilities to photosynthesize in different light intensities 
B) using plants that can carry out both linear and cyclic electron flow, or only one or another of thee processes, and measuring their light absorbance 
C) using bacteria that have only cyclic flow and look for their frequency of mutation damage 
D) using bacteria with only cyclic flow and measuring the number and types of photosynthetic pigments they have in their membranes 
E) using plants with only photosystem I operative and measure how much damage occurs at different wavelengths.

Question 9

For the following questions, compare the light reactions with the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis in plants.
-Produces NADH

Accepted Answer

A) light reactions alone 
B) the Calvin cycle alone 
C) both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle 
D) neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle 
E) occurs in the chloroplast but is not part of photosynthesis 
A) light reactions alone 
B) the Calvin cycle alone 
C) both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle 
D) neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle 
E) occurs in the chloroplast but is not part of photosynthesis

Question 10

Figure 10.1  
-What are the products of linear photophosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

A) heat and fluorescence 
B) ATP and P700 
C) ATP and NADPH 
D) ADP and NADP 
E) P700 and P680 
A) heat and fluorescence 
B) ATP and P700 
C) ATP and NADPH 
D) ADP and NADP 
E) P700 and P680

Question 11

Figure 10.1  
-Assume a thylakoid is somehow punctured so that the interior of the thylakoid is no longer separated from the stroma. This damage will have the most direct effect on which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

A) the splitting of water 
B) the absorption of light energy by chlorophyll 
C) the flow of electrons from photosystem II to photosystem I 
D) the synthesis of ATP 
E) the reduction of NADP⁺ 
A) the splitting of water 
B) the absorption of light energy by chlorophyll 
C) the flow of electrons from photosystem II to photosystem I 
D) the synthesis of ATP 
E) the reduction of NADP⁺

Question 12

Figure 10.2 Use the following figure and the stages labeled A, B, C, D, and E to answer the following questions.
  
-Which molecule(s)of the Calvin cycle is/are most like molecules found in glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

A) A, B, C, and E 
B) B, C, and E 
C) A only 
D) C and D only 
E) E only 
A) A, B, C, and E 
B) B, C, and E 
C) A only 
D) C and D only 
E) E only

Question 13

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
Theodor W. Engelmann illuminated a filament of algae with light that passed through a prism, thus exposing different segments of algae to different wavelengths of light. He added aerobic bacteria and then noted in which areas the bacteria congregated. He noted that the largest groups were found in the areas illuminated by the red and blue light.
-What did Engelmann conclude about the congregation of bacteria in the red and blue areas?

Accepted Answer

A) Bacteria released excess carbon dioxide in these areas. 
B) Bacteria congregated in these areas due to an increase in the temperature of the red and blue light. 
C) Bacteria congregated in these areas because these areas had the most oxygen being released. 
D) Bacteria are attracted to red and blue light and thus these wavelengths are more reactive than other wavelengths. 
E) Bacteria congregated in these areas due to an increase in the temperature caused by an increase in photosynthesis. 
A) Bacteria released excess carbon dioxide in these areas. 
B) Bacteria congregated in these areas due to an increase in the temperature of the red and blue light. 
C) Bacteria congregated in these areas because these areas had the most oxygen being released. 
D) Bacteria are attracted to red and blue light and thus these wavelengths are more reactive than other wavelengths. 
E) Bacteria congregated in these areas due to an increase in the temperature caused by an increase in photosynthesis.

Question 14

Figure 10.3  
-Why are C₄ plants able to photosynthesize with no apparent photorespiration?

Accepted Answer

A) They do not participate in the Calvin cycle. 
B) They use PEP carboxylase to initially fix CO₂. 
C) They are adapted to cold, wet climates. 
D) They conserve water more efficiently. 
E) They exclude oxygen from their tissues. 
A) They do not participate in the Calvin cycle. 
B) They use PEP carboxylase to initially fix CO₂. 
C) They are adapted to cold, wet climates. 
D) They conserve water more efficiently. 
E) They exclude oxygen from their tissues.

Question 15

Figure 10.1  
-Reduction of oxygen which forms water occurs during

Accepted Answer

A) photosynthesis. 
B) respiration. 
C) both photosynthesis and respiration. 
D) neither photosynthesis nor respiration. 
E) photorespiration. 
A) photosynthesis. 
B) respiration. 
C) both photosynthesis and respiration. 
D) neither photosynthesis nor respiration. 
E) photorespiration.

Question 16

Figure 10.1  
-Compared with the lines for chlorophyll a in the figure, where would you expect to find the lines to differ for chlorophyll b?

Accepted Answer

A) The absorption spectrum line would be lowest for chlorophyll b somewhat to the right of that for chlorophyll a (500-600). 
B) The rate of photosynthesis line for chlorophyll b would be lowest from 600-700 nm. 
C) The lines for the two types of chlorophyll would be almost completely opposite. 
D) The lines for the two types of chlorophyll would be almost completely identical. 
E) The peaks of the line for absorbance of b would be shifted to the left, and for rate of photosynthesis would be shifted to the right. 
A) The absorption spectrum line would be lowest for chlorophyll b somewhat to the right of that for chlorophyll a (500-600). 
B) The rate of photosynthesis line for chlorophyll b would be lowest from 600-700 nm. 
C) The lines for the two types of chlorophyll would be almost completely opposite. 
D) The lines for the two types of chlorophyll would be almost completely identical. 
E) The peaks of the line for absorbance of b would be shifted to the left, and for rate of photosynthesis would be shifted to the right.

Question 17

Figure 10.1  
-Suppose the interior of the thylakoids of isolated chloroplasts were made acidic and then transferred in the dark to a pH-8 solution. What would be likely to happen?

Accepted Answer

A) The isolated chloroplasts will make ATP. 
B) The Calvin cycle will be activated. 
C) Cyclic photophosphorylation will occur. 
D) Only A and B will occur. 
E) A, B, and C will occur. 
A) The isolated chloroplasts will make ATP. 
B) The Calvin cycle will be activated. 
C) Cyclic photophosphorylation will occur. 
D) Only A and B will occur. 
E) A, B, and C will occur.

Question 18

For the following questions, compare the light reactions with the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis in plants.
-In the process of carbon fixation, RuBP attaches a CO₂ to produce a 6 carbon molecule, which is then split in two. After phosphorylation and reduction, what more needs to happen in the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) addition of a pair of electrons from NADPH 
B) inactivation of RuBP carboxylase enzyme 
C) regeneration of ATP from ADP 
D) regeneration of rubisco 
E) a gain of NADPH 
A) addition of a pair of electrons from NADPH 
B) inactivation of RuBP carboxylase enzyme 
C) regeneration of ATP from ADP 
D) regeneration of rubisco 
E) a gain of NADPH

Question 19

Figure 10.1  
-Some photosynthetic organisms contain chloroplasts that lack photosystem II, yet are able to survive. The best way to detect the lack of photosystem II in these organisms would be

Accepted Answer

A) to determine if they have thylakoids in the chloroplasts. 
B) to test for liberation of O₂ in the light. 
C) to test for CO₂ fixation in the dark. 
D) to do experiments to generate an action spectrum. 
E) to test for production of either sucrose or starch. 
A) to determine if they have thylakoids in the chloroplasts. 
B) to test for liberation of O₂ in the light. 
C) to test for CO₂ fixation in the dark. 
D) to do experiments to generate an action spectrum. 
E) to test for production of either sucrose or starch.

Question 20

Figure 10.1  
-Some photosynthetic bacteria (e.g., purple sulfur bacteria)have photosystem I but not II, while others (e.g. cyanobacteria)have both PSI and PSII. Which of the following might this observation imply?

Accepted Answer

A) Photosystem II must have been selected against in some species. 
B) Photosystem I must be more ancestral. 
C) Photosystem II may have evolved to be more photoprotective. 
D) Cyclic flow must be more primitive than linear flow of electrons. 
E) Cyclic flow must be the most necessary of the two processes. 
A) Photosystem II must have been selected against in some species. 
B) Photosystem I must be more ancestral. 
C) Photosystem II may have evolved to be more photoprotective. 
D) Cyclic flow must be more primitive than linear flow of electrons. 
E) Cyclic flow must be the most necessary of the two processes.

Exam 10: Photosynthesis

Where does the Calvin cycle take place?

Figure 10.1 -P680⁺ is said to be the strongest biological oxidizing agent. Why?

Figure 10.1 -Generation of proton gradients across membranes occurs during

Figure 10.3 -Photorespiration lowers the efficiency of photosynthesis by preventing the formation of

Figure 10.3 -Referring to Figure 10.3, oxygen would inhibit the CO₂ fixation reactions in

Figure 10.1 -Where do the enzymatic reactions of the Calvin cycle take place?

Figure 10.3 -Which of the following does not occur during the Calvin cycle?

Figure 10.1 -Cyclic electron flow may be photoprotective (protective to light-induced damage). Which of the following experiments could provide information on this phenomenon?

For the following questions, compare the light reactions with the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis in plants. -Produces NADH

Figure 10.1 -What are the products of linear photophosphorylation?

Figure 10.1 -Assume a thylakoid is somehow punctured so that the interior of the thylakoid is no longer separated from the stroma. This damage will have the most direct effect on which of the following processes?

Figure 10.2 Use the following figure and the stages labeled A, B, C, D, and E to answer the following questions. -Which molecule(s)of the Calvin cycle is/are most like molecules found in glycolysis?

Figure 10.3 -Why are C₄ plants able to photosynthesize with no apparent photorespiration?

Figure 10.1 -Reduction of oxygen which forms water occurs during

Figure 10.1 -Compared with the lines for chlorophyll a in the figure, where would you expect to find the lines to differ for chlorophyll b?

Figure 10.1 -Suppose the interior of the thylakoids of isolated chloroplasts were made acidic and then transferred in the dark to a pH-8 solution. What would be likely to happen?

Figure 10.1 -Some photosynthetic organisms contain chloroplasts that lack photosystem II, yet are able to survive. The best way to detect the lack of photosystem II in these organisms would be

Figure 10.1 -Some photosynthetic bacteria (e.g., purple sulfur bacteria)have photosystem I but not II, while others (e.g. cyanobacteria)have both PSI and PSII. Which of the following might this observation imply?

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and the Fitness of the Environment

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Conservation Biology and Restoration Ecology

Filters