Question 1

What is secondary production?

Accepted Answer

A) energy converted by secondary consumers from primary consumers 
B) solar energy that is converted to chemical energy by photosynthesis 
C) food that is converted to new biomass by consumers 
D) energy that is not used by consumers for growth and reproduction 
E) growth that takes place during the second year of life in consumers 
A) energy converted by secondary consumers from primary consumers 
B) solar energy that is converted to chemical energy by photosynthesis 
C) food that is converted to new biomass by consumers 
D) energy that is not used by consumers for growth and reproduction 
E) growth that takes place during the second year of life in consumers

Question 2

Which of the following locations is the reservoir for nitrogen in the nitrogen cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) atmosphere 
B) sedimentary bedrock 
C) fossilized plant and animal remains (coal, oil, and natural gas) 
D) plant and animal biomass 
E) soil 
A) atmosphere 
B) sedimentary bedrock 
C) fossilized plant and animal remains (coal, oil, and natural gas) 
D) plant and animal biomass 
E) soil

Question 3

Use the following food web to answer the questions below.
   
Food web for a particular terrestrial ecosystem (arrows represent energy flow and letters represent species)
-Examine this food web for a particular terrestrial ecosystem.Species C is toxic to predators.Which species is most likely to benefit from being a mimic of C?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 4

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-On the diagram of the nitrogen cycle,which number represents nitrifying bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A) 5 
B) 6 
C) 7 
A) 5 
B) 6 
C) 7

Question 5

Decomposers obtain energy from

Accepted Answer

A) live organic material 
B) detritus 
C) fungi 
D) other heterotrophs 
E) bacteria 
A) live organic material 
B) detritus 
C) fungi 
D) other heterotrophs 
E) bacteria

Question 6

In ecosystems,why is the term cycling used to describe material transfer,whereas the term flow is used for energy exchange?

Accepted Answer

A) Materials are repeatedly used, but energy flows through and out of ecosystems. 
B) Both material and energy are recycled and are then transferred to other ecosystems as in a flow. 
C) Materials are cycled into ecosystems from other ecosystems, but energy constantly flows within the ecosystem. 
D) Both material and energy flow in a never-ending stream within an ecosystem. 
E) None of the choices is correct. 
A) Materials are repeatedly used, but energy flows through and out of ecosystems. 
B) Both material and energy are recycled and are then transferred to other ecosystems as in a flow. 
C) Materials are cycled into ecosystems from other ecosystems, but energy constantly flows within the ecosystem. 
D) Both material and energy flow in a never-ending stream within an ecosystem. 
E) None of the choices is correct.

Question 7

The Hubbard Brook watershed deforestation experiment yielded all of the following results except

Accepted Answer

A) Most minerals were recycled within a forest ecosystem. 
B) The flow of minerals out of a natural watershed was offset by minerals flowing in. 
C) Deforestation increased water runoff. 
D) The nitrate concentration in waters draining the deforested area became dangerously high. 
E) Calcium levels remained high in the soil of deforested areas. 
A) Most minerals were recycled within a forest ecosystem. 
B) The flow of minerals out of a natural watershed was offset by minerals flowing in. 
C) Deforestation increased water runoff. 
D) The nitrate concentration in waters draining the deforested area became dangerously high. 
E) Calcium levels remained high in the soil of deforested areas.

Question 8

Many homeowners mow their lawns during the summer and collect the clippings,which are then hauled to the local landfill.Which of the following actions would most benefit the suburban ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

A) Allow sheep to graze the lawn and then collect the sheep's feces to be delivered to the landfill. 
B) Collect the lawn clippings and burn them. 
C) Collect the lawn clippings and add them to a compost pile, don't collect the clippings and let them decompose into the lawn, or apply composted clippings to the lawn. 
D) Collect the clippings and wash them into the nearest storm sewer that feeds into the local lake. 
E) Dig up the lawn and cover the yard with asphalt. 
A) Allow sheep to graze the lawn and then collect the sheep's feces to be delivered to the landfill. 
B) Collect the lawn clippings and burn them. 
C) Collect the lawn clippings and add them to a compost pile, don't collect the clippings and let them decompose into the lawn, or apply composted clippings to the lawn. 
D) Collect the clippings and wash them into the nearest storm sewer that feeds into the local lake. 
E) Dig up the lawn and cover the yard with asphalt.

Question 9

Which data is most useful to measure primary productivity in a terrestrial ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

A) temperature readings 
B) potential evapotranspiration 
C) intensity of solar radiation 
D) annual precipitation 
E) amount of carbon fixed 
A) temperature readings 
B) potential evapotranspiration 
C) intensity of solar radiation 
D) annual precipitation 
E) amount of carbon fixed

Question 10

The Hubbard Brook watershed deforestation experiment revealed that
I.deforestation increased water runoff.
II.nitrate concentration in waters draining the deforested area became dangerously high.
III.calcium levels remained high in the soil of deforested areas.

Accepted Answer

A) only I 
B) only II 
C) only III 
D) only I and II 
A) only I 
B) only II 
C) only III 
D) only I and II

Question 11

In a typical grassland community,which of the following is the primary consumer?

Accepted Answer

A) hawk 
B) snake 
C) shrew 
D) grasshopper 
E) grass 
A) hawk 
B) snake 
C) shrew 
D) grasshopper 
E) grass

Question 12

Use the following food web to answer the questions below.
   
Diagram of a food web (arrows represent energy flow and letters represent species)
-If the figure above represents a terrestrial food web,the combined biomass of C + D would probably be

Accepted Answer

A) greater than the biomass of A. 
B) less than the biomass of H. 
C) greater than the biomass of B. 
D) less than the biomass of A + B. 
E) less than the biomass of E. 
A) greater than the biomass of A. 
B) less than the biomass of H. 
C) greater than the biomass of B. 
D) less than the biomass of A + B. 
E) less than the biomass of E.

Question 13

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-On the diagram of the nitrogen cycle,which number represents ammonia (NH₄⁺)?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of biological augmentation?

Accepted Answer

A) planting species that thrive in nutrient-poor soil to speed up succession 
B) planting nitrogen-fixing plants, such as lupines, to raise nitrogen concentration in the soil 
C) dredging a river or lake bottom to remove contaminated sediments 
D) introducing lichen species that grow in soil polluted with uranium 
E) A and B 
A) planting species that thrive in nutrient-poor soil to speed up succession 
B) planting nitrogen-fixing plants, such as lupines, to raise nitrogen concentration in the soil 
C) dredging a river or lake bottom to remove contaminated sediments 
D) introducing lichen species that grow in soil polluted with uranium 
E) A and B

Question 15

You own three hundred acres of patchy temperate forest.Which one of the following actions would increase the net primary productivity of the area the most?

Accepted Answer

A) adding fertilizer to the entire area 
B) introducing one hundred rabbits into the area 
C) planting five hundred new trees 
D) relocating all of the deer found in the area 
A) adding fertilizer to the entire area 
B) introducing one hundred rabbits into the area 
C) planting five hundred new trees 
D) relocating all of the deer found in the area

Question 16

What are two key factors controlling primary productivity in lakes and oceans?

Accepted Answer

A) light and nutrients 
B) nutrients and temperature 
C) light and temperature 
D) light and phytoplankton 
E) nutrients and wind 
A) light and nutrients 
B) nutrients and temperature 
C) light and temperature 
D) light and phytoplankton 
E) nutrients and wind

Question 17

Approximately 1% of the solar radiation that strikes a plant is converted into the chemical bond energy of sugars.Why is this amount so low?

Accepted Answer

A) Approximately 99% of the solar radiation is converted to heat energy. 
B) Only 1% of the wavelengths of visible light are absorbed by photosynthetic pigments. 
C) Most solar energy strikes water and land surfaces. 
D) Approximately 99% of the solar radiation is reflected. 
E) Only the green wavelengths are absorbed by plants for photosynthesis. 
A) Approximately 99% of the solar radiation is converted to heat energy. 
B) Only 1% of the wavelengths of visible light are absorbed by photosynthetic pigments. 
C) Most solar energy strikes water and land surfaces. 
D) Approximately 99% of the solar radiation is reflected. 
E) Only the green wavelengths are absorbed by plants for photosynthesis.

Question 18

Which of the following would be considered an example of bioremediation?

Accepted Answer

A) adding nitrogen-fixing microorganisms to a degraded ecosystem to increase nitrogen availability 
B) using a bulldozer to regrade a strip mine 
C) dredging a river bottom to remove contaminated sediments 
D) reconfiguring the channel of a river 
E) adding seeds of a chromium-accumulating plant to soil contaminated by chromium 
A) adding nitrogen-fixing microorganisms to a degraded ecosystem to increase nitrogen availability 
B) using a bulldozer to regrade a strip mine 
C) dredging a river bottom to remove contaminated sediments 
D) reconfiguring the channel of a river 
E) adding seeds of a chromium-accumulating plant to soil contaminated by chromium

Exam 55: Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

What is secondary production?

Which of the following locations is the reservoir for nitrogen in the nitrogen cycle?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -On the diagram of the nitrogen cycle,which number represents nitrifying bacteria?

Decomposers obtain energy from

In ecosystems,why is the term cycling used to describe material transfer,whereas the term flow is used for energy exchange?

The Hubbard Brook watershed deforestation experiment yielded all of the following results except

Many homeowners mow their lawns during the summer and collect the clippings,which are then hauled to the local landfill.Which of the following actions would most benefit the suburban ecosystem?

Which data is most useful to measure primary productivity in a terrestrial ecosystem?

The Hubbard Brook watershed deforestation experiment revealed that I.deforestation increased water runoff. II.nitrate concentration in waters draining the deforested area became dangerously high. III.calcium levels remained high in the soil of deforested areas.

In a typical grassland community,which of the following is the primary consumer?

Use the following food web to answer the questions below. Diagram of a food web (arrows represent energy flow and letters represent species) -If the figure above represents a terrestrial food web,the combined biomass of C + D would probably be

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -On the diagram of the nitrogen cycle,which number represents ammonia (NH₄⁺)?

Which of the following is an example of biological augmentation?

You own three hundred acres of patchy temperate forest.Which one of the following actions would increase the net primary productivity of the area the most?

What are two key factors controlling primary productivity in lakes and oceans?

Approximately 1% of the solar radiation that strikes a plant is converted into the chemical bond energy of sugars.Why is this amount so low?

Which of the following would be considered an example of bioremediation?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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