Question 1

The hydrostatic skeleton of the earthworm allows it to move around in its environment by

Accepted Answer

A) walking on its limbs. 
B) crawling with its feet. 
C) swimming with its setae. 
D) using peristaltic contractions of its circular and longitudinal muscles. 
E) alternating contractions and relaxations of its flagellae. 
A) walking on its limbs. 
B) crawling with its feet. 
C) swimming with its setae. 
D) using peristaltic contractions of its circular and longitudinal muscles. 
E) alternating contractions and relaxations of its flagellae.

Question 2

Among these choices,the most energetically efficient locomotion per unit mass is likely

Accepted Answer

A) running by a 50-gram rodent. 
B) running by a 40-kg ungulate. 
C) flying by a 100-g bird. 
D) swimming by a 10-g minnow (bony fish). 
E) swimming by a 100-kg tuna (bony fish). 
A) running by a 50-gram rodent. 
B) running by a 40-kg ungulate. 
C) flying by a 100-g bird. 
D) swimming by a 10-g minnow (bony fish). 
E) swimming by a 100-kg tuna (bony fish).

Question 3

Tastes and smells are distinct kinds of environmental information in that

Accepted Answer

A) neural projections from taste receptors reach different parts of the brain than the neural projections from olfactory receptors. 
B) the single area of the cerebral cortex that receives smell and taste signals can distinguish tastes and smells by the pattern of action potentials received. 
C) tastant molecules are airborne, whereas odorant molecules are dissolved in fluids. 
D) distinguishing tastant molecules requires learning, whereas smell discrimination is an innate process. 
E) odorants bind to receptor proteins, but none of the tastant stimuli bind to receptors. 
A) neural projections from taste receptors reach different parts of the brain than the neural projections from olfactory receptors. 
B) the single area of the cerebral cortex that receives smell and taste signals can distinguish tastes and smells by the pattern of action potentials received. 
C) tastant molecules are airborne, whereas odorant molecules are dissolved in fluids. 
D) distinguishing tastant molecules requires learning, whereas smell discrimination is an innate process. 
E) odorants bind to receptor proteins, but none of the tastant stimuli bind to receptors.

Question 4

The lumen of the transverse tubules of skeletal muscles contains

Accepted Answer

A) extracellular fluid. 
B) cytosol. 
C) actin. 
D) myosin. 
E) sarcomeres. 
A) extracellular fluid. 
B) cytosol. 
C) actin. 
D) myosin. 
E) sarcomeres.

Question 5

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-The structure pictured in the figure is found in

Accepted Answer

A) skeletal muscles and smooth muscles. 
B) cardiac muscles and skeletal muscles. 
C) smooth muscles and cardiac muscles. 
D) smooth muscles, skeletal muscles, and cardiac muscles. 
E) smooth muscles. 
A) skeletal muscles and smooth muscles. 
B) cardiac muscles and skeletal muscles. 
C) smooth muscles and cardiac muscles. 
D) smooth muscles, skeletal muscles, and cardiac muscles. 
E) smooth muscles.

Question 6

The sand grains or other dense materials resting on mechanoreceptors used by most invertebrates to sense gravity are called

Accepted Answer

A) cochlea. 
B) statoliths. 
C) stapes. 
D) pinnae. 
E) antennae. 
A) cochlea. 
B) statoliths. 
C) stapes. 
D) pinnae. 
E) antennae.

Question 7

A ball-and-socket joint connects

Accepted Answer

A) the radius to the ulna. 
B) the radius to the humerus. 
C) the ulna to the humerus. 
D) the humerus to the scapula. 
E) the radius to the scapula. 
A) the radius to the ulna. 
B) the radius to the humerus. 
C) the ulna to the humerus. 
D) the humerus to the scapula. 
E) the radius to the scapula.

Question 8

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
In science class,you are identifying and dissecting several fish species.In fish #1,you observe that the muscle tissue is primarily light coloured,while fish #2 has dark muscle tissue.
-What assumption can you make about fish #1?
I.The fish would fatigue quickly.
II.Muscle fibres have a large diameter.
III.Fibres have very little myoglobin.

Accepted Answer

A) I only 
B) II only 
C) III only 
D) I and II 
E) I and III 
A) I only 
B) II only 
C) III only 
D) I and II 
E) I and III

Question 9

The "motor unit" in vertebrate skeletal muscle refers to

Accepted Answer

A) one actin binding site and its myosin partner. 
B) one sarcomere and all of its actin and myosin filaments. 
C) one myofibril and all of its sarcomeres. 
D) one motor neuron and all of the muscle fibres on which it has synapses. 
E) an entire muscle. 
A) one actin binding site and its myosin partner. 
B) one sarcomere and all of its actin and myosin filaments. 
C) one myofibril and all of its sarcomeres. 
D) one motor neuron and all of the muscle fibres on which it has synapses. 
E) an entire muscle.

Question 10

Action potentials differ from receptor potentials in that

Accepted Answer

A) receptor potentials are all or none events. 
B) action potentials are graded. 
C) receptor potentials are graded. 
D) action potentials occur more frequently. 
E) action potentials occur with greater magnitude. 
A) receptor potentials are all or none events. 
B) action potentials are graded. 
C) receptor potentials are graded. 
D) action potentials occur more frequently. 
E) action potentials occur with greater magnitude.

Question 11

Which of the following matches is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A) compound eye - bee 
B) ocelli - Planarian 
C) compound eye - Annelid 
D) single lens - spider 
E) single lens - house fly 
A) compound eye - bee 
B) ocelli - Planarian 
C) compound eye - Annelid 
D) single lens - spider 
E) single lens - house fly

Question 12

Sustained muscle contraction without relaxation between successive stimuli is called

Accepted Answer

A) tonus. 
B) tetanus. 
C) an all-or-none response. 
D) fatigue. 
E) a spasm. 
A) tonus. 
B) tetanus. 
C) an all-or-none response. 
D) fatigue. 
E) a spasm.

Question 13

A skeletal muscle deprived of adequate ATP supplies will

Accepted Answer

A) immediately relax. 
B) release all actin-myosin bonds. 
C) enter a state where actin and myosin are unable to separate. 
D) fire many more action potentials than usual and enter a state of "rigour." 
E) sequester all free calcium ions into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
A) immediately relax. 
B) release all actin-myosin bonds. 
C) enter a state where actin and myosin are unable to separate. 
D) fire many more action potentials than usual and enter a state of "rigour." 
E) sequester all free calcium ions into the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Question 14

-The structure diagrammed in the figure is the

Accepted Answer

A) neuromast. 
B) statocyst. 
C) taste bud. 
D) ommatidium. 
E) olfactory bulb. 
A) neuromast. 
B) statocyst. 
C) taste bud. 
D) ommatidium. 
E) olfactory bulb.

Question 15

What is the function of the cochlea?
I.amplifies sound vibrations
II.collects sound pressure waves
III.detects the frequency of sounds

Accepted Answer

A) only I 
B) only II 
C) only III 
D) only II and III 
E) I, II and III 
A) only I 
B) only II 
C) only III 
D) only II and III 
E) I, II and III

Question 16

The blind spot in the human retina is the location that has the collected axons of

Accepted Answer

A) ganglion cells. 
B) bipolar cells. 
C) primary visual cortex. 
D) optic chiasma. 
E) lateral geniculate nuclei. 
A) ganglion cells. 
B) bipolar cells. 
C) primary visual cortex. 
D) optic chiasma. 
E) lateral geniculate nuclei.

Question 17

During the contraction of a vertebrate skeletal muscle fibre,calcium ions

Accepted Answer

A) break cross-bridges by acting as a cofactor in the hydrolysis of ATP. 
B) bind with troponin, changing its shape so that the myosin-binding sites on actin are exposed. 
C) transmit action potentials from the motor neuron to the muscle fibre. 
D) spread action potentials through the T tubules. 
E) re-establish the polarization of the plasma membrane following an action potential. 
A) break cross-bridges by acting as a cofactor in the hydrolysis of ATP. 
B) bind with troponin, changing its shape so that the myosin-binding sites on actin are exposed. 
C) transmit action potentials from the motor neuron to the muscle fibre. 
D) spread action potentials through the T tubules. 
E) re-establish the polarization of the plasma membrane following an action potential.

Question 18

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
The migration path of monarch butterflies brings them from Eastern Canada to Mexico over a long,multi-generational journey.During a series of experiments in a chamber,monarchs were observed to fly in a southwest direction.When their circadian rhythms were altered by -6 and +6 hours,the monarchs flew in a southeast or northwest direction,respectively.
-Which direction would you expect the monarchs to fly if their circadian rhythm were changed by 12 hours?

Accepted Answer

A) northwest 
B) northeast 
C) southeast 
D) southwest 
A) northwest 
B) northeast 
C) southeast 
D) southwest

Question 19

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Myosin filaments without actin overlap are in which section of the figure?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 20

Which sensory distinction is not encoded by a difference in neuron identity?

Accepted Answer

A) white and red 
B) red and green 
C) loud and faint 
D) salty and sweet 
E) spicy and cool 
A) white and red 
B) red and green 
C) loud and faint 
D) salty and sweet 
E) spicy and cool

Exam 50: Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

The hydrostatic skeleton of the earthworm allows it to move around in its environment by

Among these choices,the most energetically efficient locomotion per unit mass is likely

Tastes and smells are distinct kinds of environmental information in that

The lumen of the transverse tubules of skeletal muscles contains

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -The structure pictured in the figure is found in

The sand grains or other dense materials resting on mechanoreceptors used by most invertebrates to sense gravity are called

A ball-and-socket joint connects

The "motor unit" in vertebrate skeletal muscle refers to

Action potentials differ from receptor potentials in that

Which of the following matches is incorrect?

Sustained muscle contraction without relaxation between successive stimuli is called

A skeletal muscle deprived of adequate ATP supplies will

-The structure diagrammed in the figure is the

What is the function of the cochlea? I.amplifies sound vibrations II.collects sound pressure waves III.detects the frequency of sounds

The blind spot in the human retina is the location that has the collected axons of

During the contraction of a vertebrate skeletal muscle fibre,calcium ions

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Myosin filaments without actin overlap are in which section of the figure?

Which sensory distinction is not encoded by a difference in neuron identity?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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