Question 1

Which of the following best explains why very few CAM plants are tall?

Accepted Answer

A) They have difficulty moving water and minerals to the top of the plant during the day. 
B) They would be unable to supply sufficient sucrose for active transport of minerals into the roots during the day or night. 
C) Transpiration occurs only at night, and this would cause a highly negative Ψ in the roots of a tall plant during the day. 
D) Since the stomata are closed in the leaves, the Casparian strip is closed in the endodermis of the root. 
E) With the stomata open at night, the transpiration rate would limit plant height. 
A) They have difficulty moving water and minerals to the top of the plant during the day. 
B) They would be unable to supply sufficient sucrose for active transport of minerals into the roots during the day or night. 
C) Transpiration occurs only at night, and this would cause a highly negative Ψ in the roots of a tall plant during the day. 
D) Since the stomata are closed in the leaves, the Casparian strip is closed in the endodermis of the root. 
E) With the stomata open at night, the transpiration rate would limit plant height.

Question 2

If the guard cells and surrounding epidermal cells in a plant are deficient in potassium ions,all of the following would occur except

Accepted Answer

A) photosynthesis would decrease. 
B) roots would take up less water. 
C) phloem transport rates would decrease. 
D) leaf temperatures would decrease. 
E) stomata would be closed. 
A) photosynthesis would decrease. 
B) roots would take up less water. 
C) phloem transport rates would decrease. 
D) leaf temperatures would decrease. 
E) stomata would be closed.

Question 3

Transpiration in plants requires all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) adhesion of water molecules to cellulose. 
B) cohesion between water molecules. 
C) evaporation of water molecules. 
D) active transport through xylem cells. 
E) transport through tracheids. 
A) adhesion of water molecules to cellulose. 
B) cohesion between water molecules. 
C) evaporation of water molecules. 
D) active transport through xylem cells. 
E) transport through tracheids.

Question 4

All of the following have an effect on water potential (Ψ)in plants except

Accepted Answer

A) physical pressure. 
B) water-attracting matrices. 
C) dissolved solutes. 
D) osmosis. 
E) DNA structure. 
A) physical pressure. 
B) water-attracting matrices. 
C) dissolved solutes. 
D) osmosis. 
E) DNA structure.

Question 5

Water rises in plants primarily by cohesion-tension.Which of the following is not true about the cohesion-tension model?

Accepted Answer

A) Water loss (transpiration)is the driving force for water movement. 
B) The "tension" of this model represents the excitability of the xylem cells. 
C) Cohesion represents the tendency for water molecules to stick together by hydrogen bonds. 
D) The physical forces in the capillary-sized xylem cells make it easier to overcome gravity. 
E) The water potential of the air is more negative than the xylem. 
A) Water loss (transpiration)is the driving force for water movement. 
B) The "tension" of this model represents the excitability of the xylem cells. 
C) Cohesion represents the tendency for water molecules to stick together by hydrogen bonds. 
D) The physical forces in the capillary-sized xylem cells make it easier to overcome gravity. 
E) The water potential of the air is more negative than the xylem.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about transport in plants is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Weak bonding between water molecules and the walls of xylem vessels or tracheids helps support the columns of water in the xylem. 
B) Hydrogen bonding between water molecules, which results in the high cohesion of the water, is essential for the rise of water in tall trees. 
C) Although some angiosperm plants develop considerable root pressure, this is not sufficient to raise water to the tops of tall trees. 
D) Most plant physiologists now agree that the pull from the top of the plant resulting from transpiration is sufficient, when combined with the cohesion of water, to explain the rise of water in the xylem in even the tallest trees. 
E) Gymnosperms can sometimes develop especially high root pressure, which may account for the rise of water in tall pine trees without transpiration pull. 
A) Weak bonding between water molecules and the walls of xylem vessels or tracheids helps support the columns of water in the xylem. 
B) Hydrogen bonding between water molecules, which results in the high cohesion of the water, is essential for the rise of water in tall trees. 
C) Although some angiosperm plants develop considerable root pressure, this is not sufficient to raise water to the tops of tall trees. 
D) Most plant physiologists now agree that the pull from the top of the plant resulting from transpiration is sufficient, when combined with the cohesion of water, to explain the rise of water in the xylem in even the tallest trees. 
E) Gymnosperms can sometimes develop especially high root pressure, which may account for the rise of water in tall pine trees without transpiration pull.

Question 7

The ancestors of land plants were aquatic algae.Which of the following is not an evolutionary adaptation to life on land?

Accepted Answer

A) C₃ photosynthesis 
B) a waxy cuticle 
C) root hairs 
D) xylem and phloem 
E) guard cells 
A) C₃ photosynthesis 
B) a waxy cuticle 
C) root hairs 
D) xylem and phloem 
E) guard cells

Question 8

If ΨP = 0.3 MPa and ΨS = -0.45 MPa,the resulting Ψ is

Accepted Answer

A) +0.75 MPa. 
B) -0.75 MPa. 
C) -0.15 MPa. 
D) +0.15 MPa. 
E) -0.42 MPa. 
A) +0.75 MPa. 
B) -0.75 MPa. 
C) -0.15 MPa. 
D) +0.15 MPa. 
E) -0.42 MPa.

Question 9

Most angiosperms have alternate phyllotaxy.What allows each leaf to get the maximum exposure to light and reduces shading of lower leaves?

Accepted Answer

A) a leaf area index above 8 
B) self-pruning 
C) one leaf only per node 
D) leaf emergence at an angle of 137.5°F from the site of previous leaves 
E) a leaf area index above 8 and leaf emergence at an angle of 137.5°F from the site of previous leaves 
A) a leaf area index above 8 
B) self-pruning 
C) one leaf only per node 
D) leaf emergence at an angle of 137.5°F from the site of previous leaves 
E) a leaf area index above 8 and leaf emergence at an angle of 137.5°F from the site of previous leaves

Question 10

An open beaker of pure water has a water potential (Ψ)of
[Ψ ψ]

Accepted Answer

A) -0.23 MPa. 
B) +0.23 MPa. 
C) +0.07 MPa. 
D) -0.0000001 MPa. 
E) 0)0 (zero). 
A) -0.23 MPa. 
B) +0.23 MPa. 
C) +0.07 MPa. 
D) -0.0000001 MPa. 
E) 0)0 (zero).

Question 11

In plant roots,the Casparian strip is correctly described by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) It aids in the uptake of nutrients. 
B) It provides energy for the active transport of minerals into the stele from the cortex. 
C) It ensures that all minerals are absorbed from the soil in equal amounts. 
D) It ensures that all water and dissolved substances must pass through a cell membrane before entering the stele. 
E) It provides increased surface area for the absorption of mineral nutrients. 
A) It aids in the uptake of nutrients. 
B) It provides energy for the active transport of minerals into the stele from the cortex. 
C) It ensures that all minerals are absorbed from the soil in equal amounts. 
D) It ensures that all water and dissolved substances must pass through a cell membrane before entering the stele. 
E) It provides increased surface area for the absorption of mineral nutrients.

Question 12

The symplast transports all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) sugars. 
B) mRNA. 
C) DNA. 
D) proteins. 
E) viruses. 
A) sugars. 
B) mRNA. 
C) DNA. 
D) proteins. 
E) viruses.

Question 13

All of the following are adaptations that help reduce water loss from a plant except

Accepted Answer

A) transpiration. 
B) sunken stomata. 
C) C₄ photosynthesis. 
D) small, thick leaves. 
E) crassulacean acid metabolism. 
A) transpiration. 
B) sunken stomata. 
C) C₄ photosynthesis. 
D) small, thick leaves. 
E) crassulacean acid metabolism.

Question 14

A fellow student brought in a leaf to be examined.The leaf was dark green,thin,had stoma on the lower surface only,and had a total surface area of 10 square metres.Where is the most likely environment where this leaf was growing?

Accepted Answer

A) a dry, sandy region 
B) a large, still pond 
C) a tropical rain forest 
D) an oasis within a grassland 
E) the floor of a deciduous forest 
A) a dry, sandy region 
B) a large, still pond 
C) a tropical rain forest 
D) an oasis within a grassland 
E) the floor of a deciduous forest

Question 15

Xylem vessels,found in angiosperms,have a much greater internal diameter than tracheids,the only xylem-conducting cells found in gymnosperms.The tallest living trees,redwoods,are gymnosperms.Which of the following is an advantage of tracheids over vessels for long-distance transport to great heights?

Accepted Answer

A) Adhesive forces are proportionally greater in narrower cylinders than in wider cylinders. 
B) The smaller the diameter of the xylem, the more likely cavitation will occur. 
C) Cohesive forces are greater in narrow tubes than in wide tubes of the same height. 
D) Adhesive forces are proportionally greater in narrower cylinders than in wider cylinders, and cohesive forces are greater in narrow tubes than in wide tubes of the same height. 
E) Adhesive forces are proportionally greater in narrower cylinders than in wider cylinders, and the smaller the diameter of the xylem, the more likely cavitation will occur. 
A) Adhesive forces are proportionally greater in narrower cylinders than in wider cylinders. 
B) The smaller the diameter of the xylem, the more likely cavitation will occur. 
C) Cohesive forces are greater in narrow tubes than in wide tubes of the same height. 
D) Adhesive forces are proportionally greater in narrower cylinders than in wider cylinders, and cohesive forces are greater in narrow tubes than in wide tubes of the same height. 
E) Adhesive forces are proportionally greater in narrower cylinders than in wider cylinders, and the smaller the diameter of the xylem, the more likely cavitation will occur.

Question 16

Which of the following is responsible for the cohesion of water molecules?

Accepted Answer

A) hydrogen bonds between the oxygen atoms of a water molecule and cellulose in a vessel cell 
B) covalent bonds between the hydrogen atoms of two adjacent water molecules 
C) hydrogen bonds between the oxygen atom of one water molecule and a hydrogen atom of another water molecule 
D) covalent bonds between the oxygen atom of one water molecule and a hydrogen atom of another water molecule 
E) low concentrations of charged solutes in the fluid 
A) hydrogen bonds between the oxygen atoms of a water molecule and cellulose in a vessel cell 
B) covalent bonds between the hydrogen atoms of two adjacent water molecules 
C) hydrogen bonds between the oxygen atom of one water molecule and a hydrogen atom of another water molecule 
D) covalent bonds between the oxygen atom of one water molecule and a hydrogen atom of another water molecule 
E) low concentrations of charged solutes in the fluid

Question 17

Active transport of amino acids in plants at the cellular level requires

Accepted Answer

A) NADP and channel proteins. 
B) xylem membranes and channel proteins. 
C) sodium/potassium pumps and xylem membranes. 
D) ATP, transport proteins, and a proton gradient. 
A) NADP and channel proteins. 
B) xylem membranes and channel proteins. 
C) sodium/potassium pumps and xylem membranes. 
D) ATP, transport proteins, and a proton gradient.

Question 18

Active transport of various materials in plants at the cellular level requires all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) a proton gradient. 
B) ATP. 
C) membrane potential. 
D) transport proteins. 
E) xylem membranes. 
A) a proton gradient. 
B) ATP. 
C) membrane potential. 
D) transport proteins. 
E) xylem membranes.

Question 19

Which of the following is an adaptation that enhances the uptake of water and minerals by roots?

Accepted Answer

A) mycorrhizae 
B) cavitation 
C) active uptake by vessel elements 
D) rhythmic contractions by cortical cells 
E) pumping through plasmodesmata 
A) mycorrhizae 
B) cavitation 
C) active uptake by vessel elements 
D) rhythmic contractions by cortical cells 
E) pumping through plasmodesmata

Question 20

The opening of stomata is thought to involve

Accepted Answer

A) an increase in the solute concentration of the guard cells. 
B) a decrease in the solute concentration of the stoma. 
C) active transport of water out of the guard cells. 
D) decreased turgor pressure in guard cells. 
E) movement of K⁺ from the guard cells. 
A) an increase in the solute concentration of the guard cells. 
B) a decrease in the solute concentration of the stoma. 
C) active transport of water out of the guard cells. 
D) decreased turgor pressure in guard cells. 
E) movement of K⁺ from the guard cells.

Exam 36: Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Which of the following best explains why very few CAM plants are tall?

If the guard cells and surrounding epidermal cells in a plant are deficient in potassium ions,all of the following would occur except

Transpiration in plants requires all of the following except

All of the following have an effect on water potential (Ψ)in plants except

Water rises in plants primarily by cohesion-tension.Which of the following is not true about the cohesion-tension model?

Which of the following statements about transport in plants is false?

The ancestors of land plants were aquatic algae.Which of the following is not an evolutionary adaptation to life on land?

If ΨP = 0.3 MPa and ΨS = -0.45 MPa,the resulting Ψ is

Most angiosperms have alternate phyllotaxy.What allows each leaf to get the maximum exposure to light and reduces shading of lower leaves?

An open beaker of pure water has a water potential (Ψ)of [Ψ ψ]

In plant roots,the Casparian strip is correctly described by which of the following?

The symplast transports all of the following except

All of the following are adaptations that help reduce water loss from a plant except

A fellow student brought in a leaf to be examined.The leaf was dark green,thin,had stoma on the lower surface only,and had a total surface area of 10 square metres.Where is the most likely environment where this leaf was growing?

Which of the following is responsible for the cohesion of water molecules?

Active transport of amino acids in plants at the cellular level requires

Active transport of various materials in plants at the cellular level requires all of the following except

Which of the following is an adaptation that enhances the uptake of water and minerals by roots?

The opening of stomata is thought to involve

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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