Exam 21: Genomes and Their Evolution

Homeotic genes contain a homeobox sequence that is highly conserved among very diverse species.The homeobox is the code for that domain of a protein that binds to DNA in a regulatory developmental process.Which of the following would you then expect?

What is an early step in shotgun sequencing?

What is gene annotation in bioinformatics?

It took 13 years and multiple labs to complete the first sequencing of the human genome (from 1990-2003).In 2007,a lab could complete the task in four months.This dramatic change in time to completion is a result of

Which of the following is a representation of gene density?

Based on the systems approach employed by the ENCODE project,what percentage of the genome is estimated to contain functional elements (including functional RNAs and regulatory sequences)?

Which of the following variations in human DNA sequences involves duplication of relatively long stretches of chromosomes,often including the duplication of protein-coding genes?

A microarray known as a GeneChip,with most now-known human protein coding sequences,has been developed to aid in the study of human cancer by first comparing two to three subsets of cancer subtypes.What kind of information might be gleaned from this GeneChip to aid in cancer prevention?

Use the following figure to answer the next few questions. This figure shows a diagram of blocks of genes on human chromosome 16 and the locations of blocks of similar genes on four chromosomes of the mouse. -In humans,hemoglobin in the embryo has a higher affinity for oxygen than in adults.What is this due to?

Which procedure is not required when the shotgun approach to sequencing is modified as sequencing by synthesis,in which many small fragments are sequenced simultaneously?

Use the following figure to answer the next few questions. This figure shows a diagram of blocks of genes on human chromosome 16 and the locations of blocks of similar genes on four chromosomes of the mouse. -The movement of these blocks suggests that

What does it mean if genomic DNA matches the sequence of a cDNA?

A DNA microarray is a tool that owes its existence to earlier genomics investigations.What essential contribution of genomics makes microarrays possible?

Why is it unwise to try to relate an organism's complexity with its size or number of cells?

Two eukaryotic proteins have one domain in common but are otherwise very different.Which of the following processes is most likely to have contributed to this similarity?

When gene duplication occurs to its ultimate extent by doubling all genes in a genome,what has occurred?

When does exon shuffling occur?

What is bioinformatics?

What are genomic "hot spots"?

Use the following figure to answer the next few questions. This figure shows a diagram of blocks of genes on human chromosome 16 and the locations of blocks of similar genes on four chromosomes of the mouse. -Why is sequencing of eukaryotic genomes more difficult than sequencing genomes of bacteria or archaea?