Question 1

Which of the following makes it necessary for animal cells,although they have no cell walls,to have intercellular junctions?

Accepted Answer

A) Cell membranes do not distinguish the types of ions and molecules passing through them. 
B) Large molecules, such as proteins and RNA molecules, do not readily get through one, much less two, adjacent cell membranes. 
C) Cell-to-cell communication requires physical attachment of one cell to another. 
D) Maintenance of tissue integrity and barriers to fluid leakage requires cells to adhere tightly to one another. 
E) The relative shapelessness of animal cells requires a mechanism for keeping the cells aligned. 
A) Cell membranes do not distinguish the types of ions and molecules passing through them. 
B) Large molecules, such as proteins and RNA molecules, do not readily get through one, much less two, adjacent cell membranes. 
C) Cell-to-cell communication requires physical attachment of one cell to another. 
D) Maintenance of tissue integrity and barriers to fluid leakage requires cells to adhere tightly to one another. 
E) The relative shapelessness of animal cells requires a mechanism for keeping the cells aligned.

Question 2

Which organelle or structure is absent in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

A) mitochondria 
B) Golgi vesicles 
C) microtubules 
D) centrosomes 
E) peroxisomes 
A) mitochondria 
B) Golgi vesicles 
C) microtubules 
D) centrosomes 
E) peroxisomes

Question 3

How do Amoebae move by crawling over a surface?

Accepted Answer

A) Growth of actin filaments form bulges in the plasma membrane. 
B) Microtubule extensions are set up that vesicles can follow. 
C) Pseudopods are reinforced with intermediate filaments. 
D) use of cytoplasmic streaming 
E) Intermediate filaments condense and decondense in the direction of travel. 
A) Growth of actin filaments form bulges in the plasma membrane. 
B) Microtubule extensions are set up that vesicles can follow. 
C) Pseudopods are reinforced with intermediate filaments. 
D) use of cytoplasmic streaming 
E) Intermediate filaments condense and decondense in the direction of travel.

Question 4

What technique would be most appropriate to use to observe the movements of condensed chromosomes during cell division?

Accepted Answer

A) light microscopy 
B) scanning electron microscopy 
C) transmission electron microscopy 
D) confocal fluorescence microscopy 
E) super-resolution fluorescence microscopy 
A) light microscopy 
B) scanning electron microscopy 
C) transmission electron microscopy 
D) confocal fluorescence microscopy 
E) super-resolution fluorescence microscopy

Question 5

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which two structures are shared by all eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A) A and C 
B) A and D 
C) B and D 
D) B and E 
E) C and E 
A) A and C 
B) A and D 
C) B and D 
D) B and E 
E) C and E

Question 6

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-What is the name of the structure labelled B?

Accepted Answer

A) cell wall 
B) plasma membrane 
C) nuclear envelope 
D) cytosol 
E) endoplasmic reticulum 
A) cell wall 
B) plasma membrane 
C) nuclear envelope 
D) cytosol 
E) endoplasmic reticulum

Question 7

What do the cell walls of plants and the extracellular matrix of animal cells have in common?

Accepted Answer

A) They are largely composed of phospholipids and glycoproteins. 
B) Their proteins are made by free cytoplasmic ribosomes. 
C) They form rigid structures that provide structural support for cells but limit their expansion. 
D) They limit the passage of small molecules. 
E) They have functional connections with the cytoskeleton inside the cell. 
A) They are largely composed of phospholipids and glycoproteins. 
B) Their proteins are made by free cytoplasmic ribosomes. 
C) They form rigid structures that provide structural support for cells but limit their expansion. 
D) They limit the passage of small molecules. 
E) They have functional connections with the cytoskeleton inside the cell.

Question 8

Which of the following contain the 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules,consisting of nine doublets of microtubules surrounding a pair of single microtubules?

Accepted Answer

A) both motile cilia and primary (nonmotile)cilia 
B) centrioles only 
C) both flagella and motile cilia 
D) both basal bodies and primary (nonmotile)cilia 
E) both centrioles and basal bodies 
A) both motile cilia and primary (nonmotile)cilia 
B) centrioles only 
C) both flagella and motile cilia 
D) both basal bodies and primary (nonmotile)cilia 
E) both centrioles and basal bodies

Question 9

Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through

Accepted Answer

A) plasmodesmata. 
B) intermediate filaments. 
C) tight junctions. 
D) desmosomes. 
E) gap junctions. 
A) plasmodesmata. 
B) intermediate filaments. 
C) tight junctions. 
D) desmosomes. 
E) gap junctions.

Question 10

Recent evidence shows that signals from the extracellular matrix (ECM)can regulate the expression of genes in the cell nucleus.A likely mechanism is that

Accepted Answer

A) mechanical signals of the ECM can alter the cytoskeleton, which can alter intracellular signalling. 
B) intracellular signals might cause changes in the fibronectin binding to the cell surface. 
C) orientation of microtubules to the ECM can change gene activity. 
D) integrins that receive signals from the ECM migrate to the nucleus. 
E) proteoglycans in the ECM undergo endocytosis and produce intracellular signalling molecules. 
A) mechanical signals of the ECM can alter the cytoskeleton, which can alter intracellular signalling. 
B) intracellular signals might cause changes in the fibronectin binding to the cell surface. 
C) orientation of microtubules to the ECM can change gene activity. 
D) integrins that receive signals from the ECM migrate to the nucleus. 
E) proteoglycans in the ECM undergo endocytosis and produce intracellular signalling molecules.

Question 11

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
You are investigating different live cells using a light microscope.The first cells you observe are part of a larger organism.They have a clear area in the middle,a defined shape,and you can see many greenish ovals pressed up along the outer edges.
-The movement inside the cells that you observed are a result of

Accepted Answer

A) cilia movement. 
B) the interaction of actin and myosin filaments. 
C) the extracellular matrix. 
D) cell division. 
E) intermediate filaments. 
A) cilia movement. 
B) the interaction of actin and myosin filaments. 
C) the extracellular matrix. 
D) cell division. 
E) intermediate filaments.

Question 12

The minimum distance two points can be separated and still discerned as separate is the

Accepted Answer

A) resolution. 
B) magnification. 
C) visibility. 
D) objective magnification. 
E) contrast. 
A) resolution. 
B) magnification. 
C) visibility. 
D) objective magnification. 
E) contrast.

Question 13

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-What is the function of the structure labelled C?

Accepted Answer

A) synthesize lipids 
B) make membrane proteins 
C) make cytosolic proteins 
D) modify protein for transport 
E) package proteins for export 
A) synthesize lipids 
B) make membrane proteins 
C) make cytosolic proteins 
D) modify protein for transport 
E) package proteins for export

Question 14

Spherocytosis is a human blood disorder associated with a defective cytoskeletal protein in the red blood cells (RBCs).What do you suspect is the consequence of such a defect?

Accepted Answer

A) abnormally shaped RBCs 
B) an insufficient supply of ATP in the RBCs 
C) an insufficient supply of oxygen-transporting proteins in the RBCs 
D) adherence of RBCs to blood vessel walls, causing plaque formation 
E) inability of RBCs to communicate with other cells 
A) abnormally shaped RBCs 
B) an insufficient supply of ATP in the RBCs 
C) an insufficient supply of oxygen-transporting proteins in the RBCs 
D) adherence of RBCs to blood vessel walls, causing plaque formation 
E) inability of RBCs to communicate with other cells

Question 15

Cells require which of the following to form cilia or flagella?

Accepted Answer

A) centrosomes 
B) laminin 
C) actin 
D) intermediate filaments 
E) secretory vesicles 
A) centrosomes 
B) laminin 
C) actin 
D) intermediate filaments 
E) secretory vesicles

Question 16

Signals between the ECM and the cytoskeleton may be transmitted by

Accepted Answer

A) fibronectin. 
B) proteoglycans. 
C) integrins. 
D) collagen. 
E) middle lamella. 
A) fibronectin. 
B) proteoglycans. 
C) integrins. 
D) collagen. 
E) middle lamella.

Question 17

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-The structure labelled D functions in

Accepted Answer

A) lipid synthesis. 
B) membrane production. 
C) cytosolic protein production. 
D) modification of proteins for transport. 
E) package of proteins. 
A) lipid synthesis. 
B) membrane production. 
C) cytosolic protein production. 
D) modification of proteins for transport. 
E) package of proteins.

Question 18

Green fluorescent protein (GFP)can be used to fluorescently label a specific protein in cells by genetically engineering cells to synthesize the target protein fused to GFP.What is the advantage of using GFP fusions to visualize specific proteins,instead of staining cells with fluorescently labelled probes that bind to the target protein?

Accepted Answer

A) GFP fusions enable one to track changes in the location of the protein in living cells; staining usually requires preserved cells. 
B) GFP fusions enable higher resolution than staining with fluorescent probes. 
C) GFP permits the position of the protein in the cell more precisely than fluorescent probes. 
D) GFP permits visualization of protein-protein interactions; fluorescent probes do not. 
E) GFP fusions are not subject to artifacts; fluorescent probes may introduce background artifacts. 
A) GFP fusions enable one to track changes in the location of the protein in living cells; staining usually requires preserved cells. 
B) GFP fusions enable higher resolution than staining with fluorescent probes. 
C) GFP permits the position of the protein in the cell more precisely than fluorescent probes. 
D) GFP permits visualization of protein-protein interactions; fluorescent probes do not. 
E) GFP fusions are not subject to artifacts; fluorescent probes may introduce background artifacts.

Question 19

The Golgi apparatus has a polarity or sidedness to its structure and function.Which of the following statements correctly describes this polarity?

Accepted Answer

A) Transport vesicles fuse with one side of the Golgi and leave from the opposite side. 
B) Proteins in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. 
C) Lipids in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. 
D) Soluble proteins in the cisternae (interior)of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. 
E) All of the above correctly describe polar characteristics of the Golgi function. 
A) Transport vesicles fuse with one side of the Golgi and leave from the opposite side. 
B) Proteins in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. 
C) Lipids in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. 
D) Soluble proteins in the cisternae (interior)of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. 
E) All of the above correctly describe polar characteristics of the Golgi function.

Question 20

Asbestos is a material that was once used extensively in construction.One risk from working in a building that contains asbestos is the development of asbestosis,a disease caused by the inhalation of asbestos fibers.Cells will phagocytize asbestos,but are not able to degrade it.As a result,where are asbestos fibers likely to accumulate?

Accepted Answer

A) mitochondria 
B) ribosomes 
C) peroxisomes 
D) lysosomes 
E) Golgi 
A) mitochondria 
B) ribosomes 
C) peroxisomes 
D) lysosomes 
E) Golgi

Exam 6: A Tour of the Cell

Which of the following makes it necessary for animal cells,although they have no cell walls,to have intercellular junctions?

Which organelle or structure is absent in plant cells?

How do Amoebae move by crawling over a surface?

What technique would be most appropriate to use to observe the movements of condensed chromosomes during cell division?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which two structures are shared by all eukaryotic cells?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -What is the name of the structure labelled B?

What do the cell walls of plants and the extracellular matrix of animal cells have in common?

Which of the following contain the 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules,consisting of nine doublets of microtubules surrounding a pair of single microtubules?

Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through

Recent evidence shows that signals from the extracellular matrix (ECM)can regulate the expression of genes in the cell nucleus.A likely mechanism is that

The minimum distance two points can be separated and still discerned as separate is the

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -What is the function of the structure labelled C?

Spherocytosis is a human blood disorder associated with a defective cytoskeletal protein in the red blood cells (RBCs).What do you suspect is the consequence of such a defect?

Cells require which of the following to form cilia or flagella?

Signals between the ECM and the cytoskeleton may be transmitted by

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -The structure labelled D functions in

The Golgi apparatus has a polarity or sidedness to its structure and function.Which of the following statements correctly describes this polarity?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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