Question 1

Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains.What are the domains?

Accepted Answer

A) Bacteria and Eukarya 
B) Bacteria and Archaea 
C) Archaea and Protista 
D) Bacteria and Protista 
E) Bacteria and Fungi 
A) Bacteria and Eukarya 
B) Bacteria and Archaea 
C) Archaea and Protista 
D) Bacteria and Protista 
E) Bacteria and Fungi

Question 2

If radioactive deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP)is added to a culture of rapidly growing bacterial cells,where in the cell would you expect to find the greatest concentration of radioactivity?

Accepted Answer

A) nucleus 
B) cytoplasm 
C) endoplasmic reticulum 
D) nucleoid 
E) ribosomes 
A) nucleus 
B) cytoplasm 
C) endoplasmic reticulum 
D) nucleoid 
E) ribosomes

Question 3

-The above image is a cross section of a

Accepted Answer

A) centriole. 
B) basal body. 
C) microfilament. 
D) actin. 
E) flagella. 
A) centriole. 
B) basal body. 
C) microfilament. 
D) actin. 
E) flagella.

Question 4

What is the reason that a modern electron microscope (TEM)can resolve biological images to the subnanometer level,as opposed to tens of nanometers achievable for the best super-resolution light microscope?

Accepted Answer

A) The focal length of the electron microscope is significantly longer. 
B) Contrast is enhanced by staining with atoms of heavy metal. 
C) Electron beams have much shorter wavelengths than visible light. 
D) The electron microscope has a much greater ratio of image size to real size. 
E) The electron microscope cannot image whole cells at one time. 
A) The focal length of the electron microscope is significantly longer. 
B) Contrast is enhanced by staining with atoms of heavy metal. 
C) Electron beams have much shorter wavelengths than visible light. 
D) The electron microscope has a much greater ratio of image size to real size. 
E) The electron microscope cannot image whole cells at one time.

Question 5

A cell with a predominance of free ribosomes is most likely

Accepted Answer

A) producing primarily proteins for secretion. 
B) producing primarily cytoplasmic proteins. 
C) constructing an extensive cell wall or extracellular matrix. 
D) digesting large food particles. 
E) enlarging its vacuole. 
A) producing primarily proteins for secretion. 
B) producing primarily cytoplasmic proteins. 
C) constructing an extensive cell wall or extracellular matrix. 
D) digesting large food particles. 
E) enlarging its vacuole.

Question 6

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
You are investigating different live cells using a light microscope.The first cells you observe are part of a larger organism.They have a clear area in the middle,a defined shape,and you can see many greenish ovals pressed up along the outer edges.
-The clear area in the middle is most likely the

Accepted Answer

A) result of poor use of the microscope. 
B) result of incomplete staining. 
C) central vacuole. 
D) nucleus. 
E) plastid. 
A) result of poor use of the microscope. 
B) result of incomplete staining. 
C) central vacuole. 
D) nucleus. 
E) plastid.

Question 7

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
You are investigating different live cells using a light microscope.The first cells you observe are part of a larger organism.They have a clear area in the middle,a defined shape,and you can see many greenish ovals pressed up along the outer edges.
-You look at another group of cells; it looks entirely different.They appear independent of each other and are constantly changing shape and "crawling" across the slide.There are large and small structures moving around inside the cells.You identify these cells as

Accepted Answer

A) plant. 
B) animal. 
C) archaea. 
D) bacteria. 
E) protist. 
A) plant. 
B) animal. 
C) archaea. 
D) bacteria. 
E) protist.

Question 8

-The differences among the three categories of cytoskeletal elements outlined in the table above would suggest that each of the following has specialized roles.Which of the following is a correct match? (All three elements are involved in the maintenance of cell shape.)

Accepted Answer

A) microfilaments and the nuclear lamina 
B) microtubules and cleavage furrow formation 
C) microfilaments and ciliary motion 
D) intermediate filaments and cytoplasmic streaming 
E) microtubules and chromosome movement 
A) microfilaments and the nuclear lamina 
B) microtubules and cleavage furrow formation 
C) microfilaments and ciliary motion 
D) intermediate filaments and cytoplasmic streaming 
E) microtubules and chromosome movement

Question 9

The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved

Accepted Answer

A) endosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium in a larger host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria. 
B) anaerobic archaea taking up residence inside a larger bacterial host cell to escape toxic oxygen-the anaerobic bacterium evolved into chloroplasts. 
C) an endosymbiotic fungal cell evolved into the nucleus. 
D) acquisition of an endomembrane system, and subsequent evolution of mitochondria from a portion of the Golgi. 
E) fusion of several prokaryotes to form one larger organism. 
A) endosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium in a larger host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria. 
B) anaerobic archaea taking up residence inside a larger bacterial host cell to escape toxic oxygen-the anaerobic bacterium evolved into chloroplasts. 
C) an endosymbiotic fungal cell evolved into the nucleus. 
D) acquisition of an endomembrane system, and subsequent evolution of mitochondria from a portion of the Golgi. 
E) fusion of several prokaryotes to form one larger organism.

Question 10

What are the two domains prokaryotes belong to?

Accepted Answer

A) Bacteria and Eukarya 
B) Bacteria and Archaea 
C) Archaea and Protista 
D) Bacteria and Protista 
E) Eukarya and Protista 
A) Bacteria and Eukarya 
B) Bacteria and Archaea 
C) Archaea and Protista 
D) Bacteria and Protista 
E) Eukarya and Protista

Question 11

Both the volume and the surface area for three different cells were measured.These values are listed in the following table:
 
Using data from the table above,select the cell and best explanation for why that cell will be able to eliminate waste most efficiently?

Accepted Answer

A) Cell 1, since it has the smallest volume, and it will not produce as much waste as the other cells. 
B) Cell 2, since it has the highest surface area-to-volume ratio, which facilitates the exchange of materials between a cell and its environment. 
C) Cell 3, since it has the largest surface area, which will enable it to eliminate all of its wastes quickly. 
D) Cell 3 because it is big enough to allow wastes to easily diffuse through the plasma membrane. 
E) Presuming all cells have the same organelles; thus, they will eliminate waste with the same efficiency. 
A) Cell 1, since it has the smallest volume, and it will not produce as much waste as the other cells. 
B) Cell 2, since it has the highest surface area-to-volume ratio, which facilitates the exchange of materials between a cell and its environment. 
C) Cell 3, since it has the largest surface area, which will enable it to eliminate all of its wastes quickly. 
D) Cell 3 because it is big enough to allow wastes to easily diffuse through the plasma membrane. 
E) Presuming all cells have the same organelles; thus, they will eliminate waste with the same efficiency.

Question 12

What two structural/organellar defects would a mutation that disrupts the ability of an animal cell to add polysaccharide modifications to proteins most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

A) nuclear matrix and extracellular matrix 
B) mitochondria and Golgi apparatus 
C) Golgi apparatus and extracellular matrix 
D) nuclear pores and secretory vesicles 
E) cytoskeleton and vesicular traffic 
A) nuclear matrix and extracellular matrix 
B) mitochondria and Golgi apparatus 
C) Golgi apparatus and extracellular matrix 
D) nuclear pores and secretory vesicles 
E) cytoskeleton and vesicular traffic

Question 13

Which type of organelle or structure is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils,phospholipids,and steroids?

Accepted Answer

A) ribosome 
B) lysosome 
C) smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
D) mitochondrion 
E) contractile vacuole 
A) ribosome 
B) lysosome 
C) smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
D) mitochondrion 
E) contractile vacuole

Question 14

Where would you expect to find tight junctions?

Accepted Answer

A) in the epithelium of an animal's stomach 
B) between the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and the rough endoplasmic reticulum 
C) between plant cells in a woody plant 
D) in the plasma membrane of prokaryotes 
E) on the surface of Archaea that adhere to rocks 
A) in the epithelium of an animal's stomach 
B) between the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and the rough endoplasmic reticulum 
C) between plant cells in a woody plant 
D) in the plasma membrane of prokaryotes 
E) on the surface of Archaea that adhere to rocks

Question 15

In a plant cell,DNA may be found

Accepted Answer

A) only in the nucleus. 
B) only in the nucleus and mitochondria. 
C) only in the nucleus and chloroplasts. 
D) in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. 
E) in the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and peroxisomes. 
A) only in the nucleus. 
B) only in the nucleus and mitochondria. 
C) only in the nucleus and chloroplasts. 
D) in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. 
E) in the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and peroxisomes.

Question 16

A newspaper ad for a local toy store indicates that a very inexpensive microscope available for a small child is able to magnify specimens nearly as much as the much more costly microscope available in your college lab.What is the primary reason for the price difference?

Accepted Answer

A) The ad agency is misrepresenting the ability of the toy microscope to magnify. 
B) The toy microscope does not have the same fine control for focus of the specimen. 
C) The toy microscope magnifies a good deal, but has low resolution and therefore poor quality images. 
D) The college microscope produces greater contrast in the specimens. 
E) The toy microscope usually uses a different wavelength of light source. 
A) The ad agency is misrepresenting the ability of the toy microscope to magnify. 
B) The toy microscope does not have the same fine control for focus of the specimen. 
C) The toy microscope magnifies a good deal, but has low resolution and therefore poor quality images. 
D) The college microscope produces greater contrast in the specimens. 
E) The toy microscope usually uses a different wavelength of light source.

Question 17

The volume enclosed by the plasma membrane of plant cells is often much larger than the corresponding volume in animal cells.The most reasonable explanation for this observation is that

Accepted Answer

A) plant cells are capable of having a much higher surface-to-volume ratio than animal cells. 
B) plant cells have a much more highly convoluted (folded)plasma membrane than animal cells. 
C) plant cells contain a large vacuole that reduces the volume of the cytoplasm. 
D) animal cells are more spherical, whereas plant cells are elongated. 
E) plant cells can have lower surface-to-volume ratios than animal cells because plant cells synthesize their own nutrients. 
A) plant cells are capable of having a much higher surface-to-volume ratio than animal cells. 
B) plant cells have a much more highly convoluted (folded)plasma membrane than animal cells. 
C) plant cells contain a large vacuole that reduces the volume of the cytoplasm. 
D) animal cells are more spherical, whereas plant cells are elongated. 
E) plant cells can have lower surface-to-volume ratios than animal cells because plant cells synthesize their own nutrients.

Question 18

Movement of vesicles within the cell depends on what cellular structures?

Accepted Answer

A) microtubules and motor proteins 
B) actin filaments and microtubules 
C) actin filaments and ribosomes 
D) centrioles and motor proteins 
E) actin filaments and motor proteins 
A) microtubules and motor proteins 
B) actin filaments and microtubules 
C) actin filaments and ribosomes 
D) centrioles and motor proteins 
E) actin filaments and motor proteins

Question 19

The difference in lipid and protein composition between the membranes of the endomembrane system is largely determined by

Accepted Answer

A) the physical separation of most membranes from each other. 
B) the transportation of membrane lipids among the endomembrane system by small membrane vesicles. 
C) the function of the Golgi apparatus in sorting and directing membrane components. 
D) the modification of the membrane components once they reach their final destination. 
E) the synthesis of different lipids and proteins in each of the organelles of the endomembrane system. 
A) the physical separation of most membranes from each other. 
B) the transportation of membrane lipids among the endomembrane system by small membrane vesicles. 
C) the function of the Golgi apparatus in sorting and directing membrane components. 
D) the modification of the membrane components once they reach their final destination. 
E) the synthesis of different lipids and proteins in each of the organelles of the endomembrane system.

Question 20

In plant cells,how does the middle lamella function?

Accepted Answer

A) allows adjacent cells to adhere to one another 
B) prevents dehydration of adjacent cells 
C) maintains the plant's circulatory system 
D) allows for gas and nutrient exchange among adjacent cells 
E) cell structure and support 
A) allows adjacent cells to adhere to one another 
B) prevents dehydration of adjacent cells 
C) maintains the plant's circulatory system 
D) allows for gas and nutrient exchange among adjacent cells 
E) cell structure and support

Exam 6: A Tour of the Cell

Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains.What are the domains?

If radioactive deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP)is added to a culture of rapidly growing bacterial cells,where in the cell would you expect to find the greatest concentration of radioactivity?

-The above image is a cross section of a

What is the reason that a modern electron microscope (TEM)can resolve biological images to the subnanometer level,as opposed to tens of nanometers achievable for the best super-resolution light microscope?

A cell with a predominance of free ribosomes is most likely

-The differences among the three categories of cytoskeletal elements outlined in the table above would suggest that each of the following has specialized roles.Which of the following is a correct match? (All three elements are involved in the maintenance of cell shape.)

The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved

What are the two domains prokaryotes belong to?

Both the volume and the surface area for three different cells were measured.These values are listed in the following table: Using data from the table above,select the cell and best explanation for why that cell will be able to eliminate waste most efficiently?

What two structural/organellar defects would a mutation that disrupts the ability of an animal cell to add polysaccharide modifications to proteins most likely cause?

Which type of organelle or structure is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils,phospholipids,and steroids?

Where would you expect to find tight junctions?

In a plant cell,DNA may be found

A newspaper ad for a local toy store indicates that a very inexpensive microscope available for a small child is able to magnify specimens nearly as much as the much more costly microscope available in your college lab.What is the primary reason for the price difference?

The volume enclosed by the plasma membrane of plant cells is often much larger than the corresponding volume in animal cells.The most reasonable explanation for this observation is that

Movement of vesicles within the cell depends on what cellular structures?

The difference in lipid and protein composition between the membranes of the endomembrane system is largely determined by

In plant cells,how does the middle lamella function?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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