Question 1

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which molecule shown above contains a carboxyl group?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 2

Answer the following questions based on the figure below.
  
-Which of the following is true of carbon?

Accepted Answer

A) It forms only polar molecules. 
B) It can form a maximum of three covalent bonds with other elements. 
C) It is highly electronegative. 
D) It can form both polar and nonpolar bonds. 
E) It can form ionic bonds. 
A) It forms only polar molecules. 
B) It can form a maximum of three covalent bonds with other elements. 
C) It is highly electronegative. 
D) It can form both polar and nonpolar bonds. 
E) It can form ionic bonds.

Question 3

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which molecules shown above contain a carbonyl group?

Accepted Answer

A) A and B 
B) B and C 
C) B, C, and D 
D) D and E 
E) E and A 
A) A and B 
B) B and C 
C) B, C, and D 
D) D and E 
E) E and A

Question 4

What are carbon's most frequent bonding partners?

Accepted Answer

A) H, N, O 
B) H, N, S 
C) H, O, S 
D) N, O, S 
E) H, N, O, S 
A) H, N, O 
B) H, N, S 
C) H, O, S 
D) N, O, S 
E) H, N, O, S

Question 5

-The two molecules shown in the figure above are best described as

Accepted Answer

A) optical isomers. 
B) enantiomers. 
C) structural isomers. 
D) cis-trans isomers. 
E) chain length isomers. 
A) optical isomers. 
B) enantiomers. 
C) structural isomers. 
D) cis-trans isomers. 
E) chain length isomers.

Question 6

Hydrocarbons are ________ because most of their bonds are ________ carbon-hydrogen links.

Accepted Answer

A) hydrophilic; polar 
B) hydrophilic; charged 
C) hydrophobic; polar 
D) hydrophobic; non-polar 
E) inorganic; not 
A) hydrophilic; polar 
B) hydrophilic; charged 
C) hydrophobic; polar 
D) hydrophobic; non-polar 
E) inorganic; not

Question 7

Why is carbon so important in biology?

Accepted Answer

A) It is a common element on Earth. 
B) It has very little electronegativity, making it a good electron donor. 
C) It bonds to only a few other elements. 
D) It can form a variety of carbon skeletons and host functional groups. 
E) It can be part of either hydrophobic or hydrophilic molecules. 
A) It is a common element on Earth. 
B) It has very little electronegativity, making it a good electron donor. 
C) It bonds to only a few other elements. 
D) It can form a variety of carbon skeletons and host functional groups. 
E) It can be part of either hydrophobic or hydrophilic molecules.

Question 8

L-dopa and D-dopa,shown below,are an example of a pharmaceutical drug that occurs as enantiomers,or molecules that

Accepted Answer

A) have identical three-dimensional shapes. 
B) are mirror images of one another. 
C) are structural isomers. 
D) are mirror images of one another and are likely to have the same biological activity. 
E) are cis-trans isomers. 
A) have identical three-dimensional shapes. 
B) are mirror images of one another. 
C) are structural isomers. 
D) are mirror images of one another and are likely to have the same biological activity. 
E) are cis-trans isomers.

Question 9

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which molecule shown above would have a positive charge in aqueous solution at pH 7?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 10

Which of the following statements correctly describes cis-trans isomers?

Accepted Answer

A) They have variations in arrangement around a double bond. 
B) They have an asymmetric carbon that makes them mirror images. 
C) They have the same chemical properties. 
D) They have different molecular formulas. 
E) Their atoms and bonds are arranged in different sequences. 
A) They have variations in arrangement around a double bond. 
B) They have an asymmetric carbon that makes them mirror images. 
C) They have the same chemical properties. 
D) They have different molecular formulas. 
E) Their atoms and bonds are arranged in different sequences.

Question 11

Organic molecules with only hydrogens and five carbon atoms can have different structures in all of the following ways except

Accepted Answer

A) by branching of the carbon skeleton. 
B) by varying the number of double bonds between carbon atoms. 
C) by varying the position of double bonds between carbon atoms. 
D) by forming a ring. 
E) by forming enantiomers. 
A) by branching of the carbon skeleton. 
B) by varying the number of double bonds between carbon atoms. 
C) by varying the position of double bonds between carbon atoms. 
D) by forming a ring. 
E) by forming enantiomers.

Question 12

Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water?

Accepted Answer

A) The majority of their bonds are polar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages. 
B) The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages. 
C) They are hydrophilic. 
D) They exhibit considerable molecular complexity and diversity. 
E) They are lighter than water. 
A) The majority of their bonds are polar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages. 
B) The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages. 
C) They are hydrophilic. 
D) They exhibit considerable molecular complexity and diversity. 
E) They are lighter than water.

Question 13

Organic chemistry is currently defined as

Accepted Answer

A) the study of compounds made only by living cells. 
B) the study of carbon compounds. 
C) the study of vital forces. 
D) the study of natural (as opposed to synthetic)compounds. 
E) the study of hydrocarbons. 
A) the study of compounds made only by living cells. 
B) the study of carbon compounds. 
C) the study of vital forces. 
D) the study of natural (as opposed to synthetic)compounds. 
E) the study of hydrocarbons.

Question 14

Three or four of the following illustrations depict different structural isomers of the organic compound with molecular formula C₆H₁₄.For clarity,only the carbon skeletons are shown; hydrogen atoms that would be attached to the carbons have been omitted.Which one,if any,is not a structural isomer of this compound?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E) Each of the illustrations in the other answer choices depicts a structural isomer of the compound with molecular formula C₆H₁₄. 
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E) Each of the illustrations in the other answer choices depicts a structural isomer of the compound with molecular formula C₆H₁₄.

Question 15

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-The figure above shows the structures of glucose and fructose.These two molecules are

Accepted Answer

A) geometric isotopes. 
B) enantiomers. 
C) cis-trans isomers. 
D) structural isomers. 
E) nonisotopic isomers. 
A) geometric isotopes. 
B) enantiomers. 
C) cis-trans isomers. 
D) structural isomers. 
E) nonisotopic isomers.

Question 16

Answer the following questions based on the figure below.
  
-Which action could produce a carbonyl group?

Accepted Answer

A) the replacement of the -OH of a carboxyl group with hydrogen 
B) the addition of a thiol to a hydroxyl 
C) the addition of a hydroxyl to a phosphate 
D) the replacement of the nitrogen of an amine with oxygen 
E) the addition of a sulfhydryl to a carboxyl 
A) the replacement of the -OH of a carboxyl group with hydrogen 
B) the addition of a thiol to a hydroxyl 
C) the addition of a hydroxyl to a phosphate 
D) the replacement of the nitrogen of an amine with oxygen 
E) the addition of a sulfhydryl to a carboxyl

Question 17

Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A) ketone and methyl 
B) carbonyl and amino 
C) carboxyl and amino 
D) amino and sulfhydryl 
E) hydroxyl and carboxyl 
A) ketone and methyl 
B) carbonyl and amino 
C) carboxyl and amino 
D) amino and sulfhydryl 
E) hydroxyl and carboxyl

Question 18

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which of the groups above is a carboxyl functional group?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 19

Choose the term that correctly describes the relationship between these two sugar molecules:

Accepted Answer

A) structural isomers 
B) cis-trans isomers 
C) enantiomers 
D) isotopes 
A) structural isomers 
B) cis-trans isomers 
C) enantiomers 
D) isotopes

Question 20

How many electron pairs does carbon share in order to complete its valence shell?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 8 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 8

Exam 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which molecule shown above contains a carboxyl group?

Answer the following questions based on the figure below. -Which of the following is true of carbon?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which molecules shown above contain a carbonyl group?

What are carbon's most frequent bonding partners?

-The two molecules shown in the figure above are best described as

Hydrocarbons are ________ because most of their bonds are ________ carbon-hydrogen links.

Why is carbon so important in biology?

L-dopa and D-dopa,shown below,are an example of a pharmaceutical drug that occurs as enantiomers,or molecules that

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which molecule shown above would have a positive charge in aqueous solution at pH 7?

Which of the following statements correctly describes cis-trans isomers?

Organic molecules with only hydrogens and five carbon atoms can have different structures in all of the following ways except

Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water?

Organic chemistry is currently defined as

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -The figure above shows the structures of glucose and fructose.These two molecules are

Answer the following questions based on the figure below. -Which action could produce a carbonyl group?

Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which of the groups above is a carboxyl functional group?

Choose the term that correctly describes the relationship between these two sugar molecules:

How many electron pairs does carbon share in order to complete its valence shell?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters

Hydrocarbons are because most of their bonds are carbon-hydrogen links.