Question 1

A carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of bond(s)with other atoms?

Accepted Answer

A) ionic 
B) hydrogen 
C) covalent 
D) covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds 
E) ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds 
A) ionic 
B) hydrogen 
C) covalent 
D) covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds 
E) ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds

Question 2

Which of the following correctly describes ATP?

Accepted Answer

A) ATP is hydrophobic. 
B) ATP is inorganic. 
C) ATP is unable to react with water. 
D) ATP has two covalently attached phosphates. 
E) ATP is able to store energy for the cell. 
A) ATP is hydrophobic. 
B) ATP is inorganic. 
C) ATP is unable to react with water. 
D) ATP has two covalently attached phosphates. 
E) ATP is able to store energy for the cell.

Question 3

Of the biologically important functional groups listed below,which acts as a base?

Accepted Answer

A) hydroxyl 
B) carboxyl 
C) amino 
D) sulfhydryl 
E) methyl 
A) hydroxyl 
B) carboxyl 
C) amino 
D) sulfhydryl 
E) methyl

Question 4

Which pair of molecules shown below are not enantiomers of a single molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 5

How many structural isomers are possible for a substance having the molecular formula C₄H₁₀?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 4 
D) 3 
E) 11 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 4 
D) 3 
E) 11

Question 6

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
You are investigating the differences between three organic compounds.They all have the same carbon skeleton but have differences in their functional groups.
-You test for hydrophobicity and observe that one molecule type is extremely hydrophobic.Which of the following is the best possible conclusion?

Accepted Answer

A) It has no functional groups attached and is a hydrocarbon. 
B) It contains at least one carboxyl group. 
C) It contains an amino group. 
D) It has at least one hydroxyl group. 
E) It contains phosphates. 
A) It has no functional groups attached and is a hydrocarbon. 
B) It contains at least one carboxyl group. 
C) It contains an amino group. 
D) It has at least one hydroxyl group. 
E) It contains phosphates.

Question 7

Testosterone and estradiol are male and female sex hormones,respectively,in many vertebrates.In what way(s)do these molecules differ from each other?

Accepted Answer

A) Testosterone and estradiol are structural isomers but have the same molecular formula. 
B) Testosterone and estradiol are cis-trans isomers but have the same molecular formula. 
C) Testosterone and estradiol have different functional groups attached to the same carbon skeleton. 
D) Testosterone and estradiol have distinctly different chemical structures, with one including four fused rings of carbon atoms, while the other has three rings. 
E) Testosterone and estradiol are enantiomers of the same organic molecule. 
A) Testosterone and estradiol are structural isomers but have the same molecular formula. 
B) Testosterone and estradiol are cis-trans isomers but have the same molecular formula. 
C) Testosterone and estradiol have different functional groups attached to the same carbon skeleton. 
D) Testosterone and estradiol have distinctly different chemical structures, with one including four fused rings of carbon atoms, while the other has three rings. 
E) Testosterone and estradiol are enantiomers of the same organic molecule.

Question 8

Of the biologically important functional groups listed below,which is hydrophobic and can make cross-bridges?

Accepted Answer

A) hydroxyl 
B) carboxyl 
C) amino 
D) sulfhydryl 
E) methyl 
A) hydroxyl 
B) carboxyl 
C) amino 
D) sulfhydryl 
E) methyl

Question 9

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which functional group(s)shown above is (are)present in all amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A) A and B 
B) B and D 
C) C only 
D) D only 
E) C and D 
A) A and B 
B) B and D 
C) C only 
D) D only 
E) C and D

Question 10

A carbon skeleton is covalently bonded to both an amino group and a carboxyl group.When placed in water,it

Accepted Answer

A) would function only as an acid because of the carboxyl group. 
B) would function only as a base because of the amino group. 
C) would function as neither an acid nor a base. 
D) would function as both an acid and a base. 
E) is impossible to determine how it would function. 
A) would function only as an acid because of the carboxyl group. 
B) would function only as a base because of the amino group. 
C) would function as neither an acid nor a base. 
D) would function as both an acid and a base. 
E) is impossible to determine how it would function.

Question 11

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-A chemist wishes to make an organic molecule less acidic.Which of the following functional groups should be added to the molecule in order to do so?

Accepted Answer

A) carboxyl 
B) sulfhydryl 
C) hydroxyl 
D) amino 
E) phosphate 
A) carboxyl 
B) sulfhydryl 
C) hydroxyl 
D) amino 
E) phosphate

Question 12

The complexity and variety of organic molecules is due to

Accepted Answer

A) the chemical versatility of carbon atoms. 
B) the variety of rare elements in organic molecules. 
C) the fact that they can be synthesized only in living organisms. 
D) their interaction with water. 
E) their tremendously large sizes. 
A) the chemical versatility of carbon atoms. 
B) the variety of rare elements in organic molecules. 
C) the fact that they can be synthesized only in living organisms. 
D) their interaction with water. 
E) their tremendously large sizes.

Question 13

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-The figure above shows the structures of glucose and fructose.These two molecules differ in the

Accepted Answer

A) number of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. 
B) types of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. 
C) arrangement of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. 
D) number of oxygen atoms joined to carbon atoms by double covalent bonds. 
E) number of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; the types of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; and the arrangement of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. 
A) number of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. 
B) types of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. 
C) arrangement of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. 
D) number of oxygen atoms joined to carbon atoms by double covalent bonds. 
E) number of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; the types of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; and the arrangement of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.

Question 14

D-dopa and L-dopa,shown below,are examples of pharmaceutical drugs that occur as enantiomers,or molecules that ________.

Accepted Answer

A) have identical three-dimensional shapes 
B) are mirror images of one another 
C) differ in their electrical charge 
D) are cis-trans isomers 
E) lack an asymmetric carbon 
A) have identical three-dimensional shapes 
B) are mirror images of one another 
C) differ in their electrical charge 
D) are cis-trans isomers 
E) lack an asymmetric carbon

Question 15

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which of the groups shown above is a functional group that helps stabilize proteins by forming covalent cross-links within or between protein molecules?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 16

Organic chemistry is the study of molecules containing

Accepted Answer

A) water. 
B) carbon. 
C) hydrogen. 
D) nitrogen. 
E) oxygen. 
A) water. 
B) carbon. 
C) hydrogen. 
D) nitrogen. 
E) oxygen.

Question 17

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which molecule shown above has a carbonyl functional group in the form of a ketone?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 18

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which of the groups above is an acidic functional group that can dissociate and release H⁺ into a solution?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 19

Which of the pairs of molecular structures shown below depict enantiomers (enantiomeric forms)of the same molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 20

When Stanley Miller applied heat and electrical sparks to a mixture of simple inorganic compounds such as methane,hydrogen gas,ammonia,and water vapour,what compounds were produced?

Accepted Answer

A) mostly amino acids 
B) only simple organic compounds such as formaldehyde and cyanide 
C) mostly hydrocarbons 
D) only simple inorganic compounds 
E) both simple organic compounds and more complex organic compounds such as amino acids and hydrocarbons 
A) mostly amino acids 
B) only simple organic compounds such as formaldehyde and cyanide 
C) mostly hydrocarbons 
D) only simple inorganic compounds 
E) both simple organic compounds and more complex organic compounds such as amino acids and hydrocarbons

Exam 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of bond(s)with other atoms?

Which of the following correctly describes ATP?

Of the biologically important functional groups listed below,which acts as a base?

Which pair of molecules shown below are not enantiomers of a single molecule?

How many structural isomers are possible for a substance having the molecular formula C₄H₁₀?

Testosterone and estradiol are male and female sex hormones,respectively,in many vertebrates.In what way(s)do these molecules differ from each other?

Of the biologically important functional groups listed below,which is hydrophobic and can make cross-bridges?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which functional group(s)shown above is (are)present in all amino acids?

A carbon skeleton is covalently bonded to both an amino group and a carboxyl group.When placed in water,it

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -A chemist wishes to make an organic molecule less acidic.Which of the following functional groups should be added to the molecule in order to do so?

The complexity and variety of organic molecules is due to

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -The figure above shows the structures of glucose and fructose.These two molecules differ in the

D-dopa and L-dopa,shown below,are examples of pharmaceutical drugs that occur as enantiomers,or molecules that ________.

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which of the groups shown above is a functional group that helps stabilize proteins by forming covalent cross-links within or between protein molecules?

Organic chemistry is the study of molecules containing

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which molecule shown above has a carbonyl functional group in the form of a ketone?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which of the groups above is an acidic functional group that can dissociate and release H⁺ into a solution?

Which of the pairs of molecular structures shown below depict enantiomers (enantiomeric forms)of the same molecule?

When Stanley Miller applied heat and electrical sparks to a mixture of simple inorganic compounds such as methane,hydrogen gas,ammonia,and water vapour,what compounds were produced?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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