Question 1

Which functional group is not present in this molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) carboxyl 
B) sulfhydryl 
C) hydroxyl 
D) amino 
A) carboxyl 
B) sulfhydryl 
C) hydroxyl 
D) amino

Question 2

The element present in all organic molecules is

Accepted Answer

A) hydrogen. 
B) oxygen. 
C) carbon. 
D) nitrogen. 
E) phosphorus. 
A) hydrogen. 
B) oxygen. 
C) carbon. 
D) nitrogen. 
E) phosphorus.

Question 3

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which molecule shown above is a thiol?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 4

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which of the groups above is a basic functional group that can accept H⁺ and become positively charged?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 5

What is the key reason that often only one isomer of a pair of enantiomers is biologically active?

Accepted Answer

A) The functional groups in isomers may be found on the same or opposite sides of a double bond. 
B) Isomers of an organic molecule may have either branched or linear structures. 
C) One isomer may take up more volume. 
D) One isomer may be more polar than the other. 
E) Only one isomer may bind to specific target molecules in an organism. 
A) The functional groups in isomers may be found on the same or opposite sides of a double bond. 
B) Isomers of an organic molecule may have either branched or linear structures. 
C) One isomer may take up more volume. 
D) One isomer may be more polar than the other. 
E) Only one isomer may bind to specific target molecules in an organism.

Question 6

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
You are investigating the differences between three organic compounds.They all have the same carbon skeleton but have differences in their functional groups.
-The second molecule is hydrophobic and has acidic properties.It most likely has

Accepted Answer

A) no functional groups attached and is a hydrocarbon. 
B) at least one carboxyl group. 
C) at least one amino group. 
D) at least one carbonyl group. 
E) phosphates. 
A) no functional groups attached and is a hydrocarbon. 
B) at least one carboxyl group. 
C) at least one amino group. 
D) at least one carbonyl group. 
E) phosphates.

Question 7

Which of the following people was the first to synthesize an organic compound,urea,from inorganic starting materials?

Accepted Answer

A) Stanley Miller 
B) Jakob Berzelius 
C) Friedrich Wohler 
D) Hermann Kolbe 
E) August Kekulé 
A) Stanley Miller 
B) Jakob Berzelius 
C) Friedrich Wohler 
D) Hermann Kolbe 
E) August Kekulé

Question 8

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which molecules shown above will form hydrogen bonds with water?

Accepted Answer

A) Only D will form hydrogen bonds with water. 
B) All of these molecules will form hydrogen bonds with water. 
C) None of these molecules will form hydrogen bonds with water. 
D) All of these molecules except B will form hydrogen bonds with water. 
E) Only C, D, and E will form hydrogen bonds with water. 
A) Only D will form hydrogen bonds with water. 
B) All of these molecules will form hydrogen bonds with water. 
C) None of these molecules will form hydrogen bonds with water. 
D) All of these molecules except B will form hydrogen bonds with water. 
E) Only C, D, and E will form hydrogen bonds with water.

Question 9

Which of the following hydrocarbons has a double bond in its carbon skeleton?

Accepted Answer

A) C₃H₈ 
B) C₂H₆ 
C) CH₄ 
D) C₂H₄ 
E) C₂H₂ 
A) C₃H₈ 
B) C₂H₆ 
C) CH₄ 
D) C₂H₄ 
E) C₂H₂

Question 10

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which molecule shown above can function as a base?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 11

-The two molecules shown in the figure above are best described as

Accepted Answer

A) enantiomers. 
B) radioactive isotopes. 
C) structural isomers. 
D) nonisotopic isomers. 
E) cis-trans isomers. 
A) enantiomers. 
B) radioactive isotopes. 
C) structural isomers. 
D) nonisotopic isomers. 
E) cis-trans isomers.

Question 12

Amino acids are acids because they always possess which functional group?

Accepted Answer

A) amino 
B) carbonyl 
C) carboxyl 
D) phosphate 
E) hydroxyl 
A) amino 
B) carbonyl 
C) carboxyl 
D) phosphate 
E) hydroxyl

Question 13

Which of the following people used this apparatus to study the formation of organic compounds?

Accepted Answer

A) Stanley Miller 
B) Jakob Berzelius 
C) Friedrich Wohler 
D) Hermann Kolbe 
E) August Kekulé 
A) Stanley Miller 
B) Jakob Berzelius 
C) Friedrich Wohler 
D) Hermann Kolbe 
E) August Kekulé

Question 14

-What is the name of the functional group shown in the figure above?

Accepted Answer

A) carbonyl 
B) ketone 
C) aldehyde 
D) carboxyl 
E) hydroxyl 
A) carbonyl 
B) ketone 
C) aldehyde 
D) carboxyl 
E) hydroxyl

Question 15

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which of the structures illustrated above contain(s)a carbonyl functional group?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) C and D 
C) C 
D) D 
E) C and E 
A) A 
B) C and D 
C) C 
D) D 
E) C and E

Question 16

Which chemical group is most likely to be responsible for an organic molecule behaving as a base?

Accepted Answer

A) hydroxyl 
B) carbonyl 
C) carboxyl 
D) amino 
E) phosphate 
A) hydroxyl 
B) carbonyl 
C) carboxyl 
D) amino 
E) phosphate

Question 17

Answer the following questions based on the figure below.
  
-Identify the asymmetric carbon in this molecule.

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 18

The experimental approach taken in current biological investigations presumes that

Accepted Answer

A) simple organic compounds can be synthesized in the laboratory from inorganic precursors, but complex organic compounds like carbohydrates and proteins can only be synthesized by living organisms. 
B) a life force ultimately controls the activities of living organisms and this life force cannot be studied by physical or chemical methods. 
C) although a life force, or vitalism, exists in living organisms, this life force cannot be studied by physical or chemical methods. 
D) living organisms are composed of the same elements present in nonliving things, plus a few special trace elements found only in living organisms or their products. 
E) living organisms can be understood in terms of the same physical and chemical laws that can be used to explain all natural phenomena. 
A) simple organic compounds can be synthesized in the laboratory from inorganic precursors, but complex organic compounds like carbohydrates and proteins can only be synthesized by living organisms. 
B) a life force ultimately controls the activities of living organisms and this life force cannot be studied by physical or chemical methods. 
C) although a life force, or vitalism, exists in living organisms, this life force cannot be studied by physical or chemical methods. 
D) living organisms are composed of the same elements present in nonliving things, plus a few special trace elements found only in living organisms or their products. 
E) living organisms can be understood in terms of the same physical and chemical laws that can be used to explain all natural phenomena.

Question 19

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which molecule shown above can increase the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution and is therefore an organic acid?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 20

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which molecule shown above contains a functional group that cells use to transfer energy between organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Exam 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

Which functional group is not present in this molecule?

The element present in all organic molecules is

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which molecule shown above is a thiol?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which of the groups above is a basic functional group that can accept H⁺ and become positively charged?

What is the key reason that often only one isomer of a pair of enantiomers is biologically active?

Use the following information to answer the questions below. You are investigating the differences between three organic compounds.They all have the same carbon skeleton but have differences in their functional groups. -The second molecule is hydrophobic and has acidic properties.It most likely has

Which of the following people was the first to synthesize an organic compound,urea,from inorganic starting materials?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which molecules shown above will form hydrogen bonds with water?

Which of the following hydrocarbons has a double bond in its carbon skeleton?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which molecule shown above can function as a base?

-The two molecules shown in the figure above are best described as

Amino acids are acids because they always possess which functional group?

Which of the following people used this apparatus to study the formation of organic compounds?

-What is the name of the functional group shown in the figure above?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which of the structures illustrated above contain(s)a carbonyl functional group?

Which chemical group is most likely to be responsible for an organic molecule behaving as a base?

Answer the following questions based on the figure below. -Identify the asymmetric carbon in this molecule.

The experimental approach taken in current biological investigations presumes that

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which molecule shown above can increase the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution and is therefore an organic acid?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which molecule shown above contains a functional group that cells use to transfer energy between organic molecules?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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