Question 1

An atom with atomic number 12 would have what type of chemical behaviour in bonding with other elements?

Accepted Answer

A) It would form ions with a +1 charge. 
B) It would form ions with a +2 charge. 
C) It would form ions with a -1 charge. 
D) It would form ions with a -2 charge. 
E) It would form two covalent bonds with other atoms. 
A) It would form ions with a +1 charge. 
B) It would form ions with a +2 charge. 
C) It would form ions with a -1 charge. 
D) It would form ions with a -2 charge. 
E) It would form two covalent bonds with other atoms.

Question 2

The atomic number of neon is 10.Therefore,which of the following is most correct about an atom of neon?

Accepted Answer

A) It has 8 electrons in its outer electron shell. 
B) It is inert. 
C) It has an atomic mass of 10 daltons. 
D) It has 8 electrons in its outer electron shell and it is inert. 
E) It has 8 electrons in its outer electron shell, it is inert, and it has an atomic mass of 10 daltons. 
A) It has 8 electrons in its outer electron shell. 
B) It is inert. 
C) It has an atomic mass of 10 daltons. 
D) It has 8 electrons in its outer electron shell and it is inert. 
E) It has 8 electrons in its outer electron shell, it is inert, and it has an atomic mass of 10 daltons.

Question 3

A covalent chemical bond is one in which

Accepted Answer

A) electrons are removed from one atom and transferred to another atom so that the two atoms become oppositely charged. 
B) protons and neutrons are shared by two atoms so as to satisfy the requirements of both atoms. 
C) outer-shell electrons of two atoms are shared so as to satisfactorily fill the outer electron shells of both atoms. 
D) outer-shell electrons of one atom are transferred to fill the inner electron shell of another atom. 
E) an electron occupies a hybrid orbital located between the nuclei of two atoms. 
A) electrons are removed from one atom and transferred to another atom so that the two atoms become oppositely charged. 
B) protons and neutrons are shared by two atoms so as to satisfy the requirements of both atoms. 
C) outer-shell electrons of two atoms are shared so as to satisfactorily fill the outer electron shells of both atoms. 
D) outer-shell electrons of one atom are transferred to fill the inner electron shell of another atom. 
E) an electron occupies a hybrid orbital located between the nuclei of two atoms.

Question 4

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which drawing in the figure above depicts the electron configuration of an atom that can form covalent bonds with two hydrogen atoms?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 5

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which drawing in the figure above depicts the most electronegative atom?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 6

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-In the figure above,how many unpaired electrons does phosphorus have in its valence shell?

Accepted Answer

A) 15 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 7 
E) 5 
A) 15 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 7 
E) 5

Question 7

-In the methane molecule shown in the figure above,bonds have formed that include both the s orbital valence electrons of the hydrogen atoms and the p orbital valence electrons of the carbon.The electron orbitals in these bonds are said to be

Accepted Answer

A) double orbitals. 
B) tetrahedral orbitals. 
C) complex orbitals. 
D) hybrid orbitals. 
E) polar orbitals. 
A) double orbitals. 
B) tetrahedral orbitals. 
C) complex orbitals. 
D) hybrid orbitals. 
E) polar orbitals.

Question 8

-Which of the following pairs of atoms would be most likely to form a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 9

Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen are the most abundant elements of living matter. 
B) Some trace elements are very abundant on Earth. 
C) Virtually all organisms require the same elements in the same quantities. 
D) Iron is an example of an element needed by all organisms. 
E) Other than some trace elements, animals are mostly made up of the same elements as plants, in similar proportions. 
A) Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen are the most abundant elements of living matter. 
B) Some trace elements are very abundant on Earth. 
C) Virtually all organisms require the same elements in the same quantities. 
D) Iron is an example of an element needed by all organisms. 
E) Other than some trace elements, animals are mostly made up of the same elements as plants, in similar proportions.

Question 10

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Which drawing in the figure above is of the electron configuration of a sodium ₁₁Na⁺ ion?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 11

-What causes the shape of the molecule shown above?

Accepted Answer

A) the configuration of the 2 p orbitals in the carbon atom 
B) the configuration of the 1 s orbital in the carbon atom 
C) the configuration of the sp hybrid orbitals of the electrons shared between the carbon and hydrogen atoms 
D) the packing of the carbon and hydrogen atoms in a crystal lattice 
E) hydrogen bonding configurations between the carbon and hydrogen atoms 
A) the configuration of the 2 p orbitals in the carbon atom 
B) the configuration of the 1 s orbital in the carbon atom 
C) the configuration of the sp hybrid orbitals of the electrons shared between the carbon and hydrogen atoms 
D) the packing of the carbon and hydrogen atoms in a crystal lattice 
E) hydrogen bonding configurations between the carbon and hydrogen atoms

Question 12

Which of the following accurately describes radioactive isotopes when used as diagnostic tracers?

Accepted Answer

A) Radioactive isotopes are used by cells differently than the analogous chemical. This allows for the identification of differences in cellular metabolism. 
B) Radioactive isotopes used in chemical reactions in the cell are not hazardous to organisms. 
C) Radioactive isotopes are incorporated into biological molecules allowing for the tracking of cellular metabolism. 
D) Elevated isotope in a location in the body indicates the isotope is not being metabolized by the cell. 
E) Positron-emission-tomography detects reduced chemical incorporation of the radioactive isotope. 
A) Radioactive isotopes are used by cells differently than the analogous chemical. This allows for the identification of differences in cellular metabolism. 
B) Radioactive isotopes used in chemical reactions in the cell are not hazardous to organisms. 
C) Radioactive isotopes are incorporated into biological molecules allowing for the tracking of cellular metabolism. 
D) Elevated isotope in a location in the body indicates the isotope is not being metabolized by the cell. 
E) Positron-emission-tomography detects reduced chemical incorporation of the radioactive isotope.

Question 13

How many electron pairs are shared between carbon atoms in a molecule that has the formula C₂H₄?

Accepted Answer

A) 0 
B) 1 
C) 2 
D) 3 
E) 4 
A) 0 
B) 1 
C) 2 
D) 3 
E) 4

Question 14

What is the Lewis dot structure better at showing than the space filling model?

Accepted Answer

A) All electrons for a molecule. 
B) The sharing of electrons within a molecule. 
C) The molecule's shape. 
D) The molecule's size. 
E) The type of bond formed within the molecule. 
A) All electrons for a molecule. 
B) The sharing of electrons within a molecule. 
C) The molecule's shape. 
D) The molecule's size. 
E) The type of bond formed within the molecule.

Question 15

What coefficients must be placed in the following blanks so that all atoms are accounted for in the products?
C₆H₁₂O₆ → ________ C₂H₆O + ________ CO₂

Accepted Answer

A) 1; 2 
B) 3; 1 
C) 1; 3 
D) 1; 1 
E) 2; 2 
A) 1; 2 
B) 3; 1 
C) 1; 3 
D) 1; 1 
E) 2; 2

Question 16

-The illustration above shows a representation of formic acid.A formic acid molecule

Accepted Answer

A) will form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. 
B) has a tetrahedral configuration of hybrid electron orbitals for the carbon atom. 
C) consists of largely nonpolar covalent bonds. 
D) is held together by hydrogen bonds. 
E) has a tetrahedral shape and will form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. 
A) will form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. 
B) has a tetrahedral configuration of hybrid electron orbitals for the carbon atom. 
C) consists of largely nonpolar covalent bonds. 
D) is held together by hydrogen bonds. 
E) has a tetrahedral shape and will form hydrogen bonds with water molecules.

Question 17

In ammonium chloride salt (NH₄Cl)the anion is a single chloride ion,Cl.What is the cation of NH₄Cl?

Accepted Answer

A) N, with a charge of +1 
B) NH, with a charge of +1 
C) H₃, with a charge of +1 
D) NH₄, with a charge of +1 
E) NH₄, with a charge of +4 
A) N, with a charge of +1 
B) NH, with a charge of +1 
C) H₃, with a charge of +1 
D) NH₄, with a charge of +1 
E) NH₄, with a charge of +4

Question 18

Fluorine has an atomic number of 9 and a mass number of 19.How many electrons are needed to complete the valence shell of a fluorine atom?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 3 
C) 0 
D) 7 
E) 9 
A) 1 
B) 3 
C) 0 
D) 7 
E) 9

Question 19

What bonding or interaction is most likely to occur among a broad array of molecules of various types (polar,nonpolar,hydrophilic,hydrophobic)?

Accepted Answer

A) covalent bonding 
B) polar covalent bonding 
C) ionic bonding 
D) hydrogen bonding 
E) van der Waals interactions 
A) covalent bonding 
B) polar covalent bonding 
C) ionic bonding 
D) hydrogen bonding 
E) van der Waals interactions

Question 20

Trace elements are those required by an organism in only minute quantities.Which of the following is a trace element that is required by humans and other vertebrates,but not by other organisms such as bacteria or plants?

Accepted Answer

A) nitrogen 
B) calcium 
C) iodine 
D) sodium 
E) phosphorus 
A) nitrogen 
B) calcium 
C) iodine 
D) sodium 
E) phosphorus

Exam 2: The Chemical Context of Life

An atom with atomic number 12 would have what type of chemical behaviour in bonding with other elements?

The atomic number of neon is 10.Therefore,which of the following is most correct about an atom of neon?

A covalent chemical bond is one in which

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which drawing in the figure above depicts the electron configuration of an atom that can form covalent bonds with two hydrogen atoms?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which drawing in the figure above depicts the most electronegative atom?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -In the figure above,how many unpaired electrons does phosphorus have in its valence shell?

-In the methane molecule shown in the figure above,bonds have formed that include both the s orbital valence electrons of the hydrogen atoms and the p orbital valence electrons of the carbon.The electron orbitals in these bonds are said to be

-Which of the following pairs of atoms would be most likely to form a polar covalent bond?

Which of the following statements is false?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which drawing in the figure above is of the electron configuration of a sodium ₁₁Na⁺ ion?

-What causes the shape of the molecule shown above?

Which of the following accurately describes radioactive isotopes when used as diagnostic tracers?

How many electron pairs are shared between carbon atoms in a molecule that has the formula C₂H₄?

What is the Lewis dot structure better at showing than the space filling model?

What coefficients must be placed in the following blanks so that all atoms are accounted for in the products? C₆H₁₂O₆ → ________ C₂H₆O + ________ CO₂

-The illustration above shows a representation of formic acid.A formic acid molecule

In ammonium chloride salt (NH₄Cl)the anion is a single chloride ion,Cl.What is the cation of NH₄Cl?

Fluorine has an atomic number of 9 and a mass number of 19.How many electrons are needed to complete the valence shell of a fluorine atom?

What bonding or interaction is most likely to occur among a broad array of molecules of various types (polar,nonpolar,hydrophilic,hydrophobic)?

Trace elements are those required by an organism in only minute quantities.Which of the following is a trace element that is required by humans and other vertebrates,but not by other organisms such as bacteria or plants?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters

What coefficients must be placed in the following blanks so that all atoms are accounted for in the products? C₆H₁₂O₆ → C₂H₆O + CO₂