Question 1

Genes that cause cancer when mutated

Accepted Answer

A)  can be analyzed by means of linked markers such as SNPs. 
B)  can be analyzed to determine which cancer treatment will work the best for an individual. 
C)  do not have any homologs in other organisms. 
D)  can help us predict which individuals are more likely to develop cancer. 
E)  a, b, and d 
A)  can be analyzed by means of linked markers such as SNPs. 
B)  can be analyzed to determine which cancer treatment will work the best for an individual. 
C)  do not have any homologs in other organisms. 
D)  can help us predict which individuals are more likely to develop cancer. 
E)  a, b, and d

Question 2

The Alu element, which accounts for over 10% of the human genome, is an example of a

Accepted Answer

A)  LINE. 
B)  SINE. 
C)  halotype. 
D)  globin gene. 
E)  DNA transposon. 
A)  LINE. 
B)  SINE. 
C)  halotype. 
D)  globin gene. 
E)  DNA transposon.

Question 3

Which of the following techniques or tools is most suited to determining the minimal genome of a free-living bacterium?

Accepted Answer

A)  Metagenomics 
B)  Haplotype mapping 
C)  Hierarchical sequencing 
D)  Bacterial artificial chromosomes 
E)  Selective inactivation of genes 
A)  Metagenomics 
B)  Haplotype mapping 
C)  Hierarchical sequencing 
D)  Bacterial artificial chromosomes 
E)  Selective inactivation of genes

Question 4

In humans, rRNAs are coded for by

Accepted Answer

A)  separate genes. 
B)  single copy genes. 
C)  multiple copies of three genes. 
D)  multiple copies of a single gene. 
E)  a transposon. 
A)  separate genes. 
B)  single copy genes. 
C)  multiple copies of three genes. 
D)  multiple copies of a single gene. 
E)  a transposon.

Question 5

Think about what you know about the comparative genomics of plants (such as Arabidopsis) and animals (such as the nematode C. elegans) and imagine the following scenario. If a plant were to acquire mobility, such that it could more easily escape adverse conditions and enemies, genes involved in which of the following functions would most likely be lost over evolutionary time?

Accepted Answer

A)  Photosynthesis 
B)  Cell signaling 
C)  Plant defense 
D)  Cell growth 
E)  Metabolism 
A)  Photosynthesis 
B)  Cell signaling 
C)  Plant defense 
D)  Cell growth 
E)  Metabolism

Question 6

Eukaryotic transposable elements that do not use RNA intermediates are known as _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Eukaryotic transposable elements that do not use...

Question 7

Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cancer can be caused by the insertion of transposons in genes in somatic cells. 
B)  Cancer can be caused by genes that are inherited from one or both parents. 
C)  Cancer can be caused by environmental conditions but not by genetic factors. 
D)  Cancer can be caused by multiple genes, epigenetic effects, and environmental conditions. 
E)  Cancer can be linked to several key SNPs. 
A)  Cancer can be caused by the insertion of transposons in genes in somatic cells. 
B)  Cancer can be caused by genes that are inherited from one or both parents. 
C)  Cancer can be caused by environmental conditions but not by genetic factors. 
D)  Cancer can be caused by multiple genes, epigenetic effects, and environmental conditions. 
E)  Cancer can be linked to several key SNPs.

Question 8

Which of the following statements would be considered an expression of genetic determinism?

Accepted Answer

A)  The proteome is more complex than the genome. 
B)  The phenotype is a reflection of the genotype. 
C)  Studying genes provides a limited understanding of what is going on in the cell. 
D)  The metabolome exerts considerable influence on the likelihood of a person's developing diabetes. 
E)  High levels of glucose may be an indicator of coronary heart disease. 
A)  The proteome is more complex than the genome. 
B)  The phenotype is a reflection of the genotype. 
C)  Studying genes provides a limited understanding of what is going on in the cell. 
D)  The metabolome exerts considerable influence on the likelihood of a person's developing diabetes. 
E)  High levels of glucose may be an indicator of coronary heart disease.

Question 9

In the situation described above, which sequence does enzyme A recognize as a site at which to cut? (Note that the enzyme cuts in the middle of its recognition sequence.)

Accepted Answer

A)  GTTA 
B)  ACGT 
C)  TGGA 
D)  CGCG 
E)  GTCG 
A)  GTTA 
B)  ACGT 
C)  TGGA 
D)  CGCG 
E)  GTCG

Question 10

The major difference between noninfective strains of Haemophilus influenzae and highly infective strains is that

Accepted Answer

A)  the infective strains have genes for glycolysis that the noninfective strains lack. 
B)  the noninfective strains lack the enzymes needed to synthesize amino acids. 
C)  the infective strains have surface proteins that attach the bacterium to respiratory tracts. 
D)  the noninfective strains lacks open reading frames. 
E)  the infective and noninfective strains have different regulatory sequences. 
A)  the infective strains have genes for glycolysis that the noninfective strains lack. 
B)  the noninfective strains lack the enzymes needed to synthesize amino acids. 
C)  the infective strains have surface proteins that attach the bacterium to respiratory tracts. 
D)  the noninfective strains lacks open reading frames. 
E)  the infective and noninfective strains have different regulatory sequences.

Question 11

Craig Venter, a leader of one of the teams that sequenced the human genome, has now turned his attention to cataloging the microbial life of the oceans. His studies, which involve PCR amplification of microbial DNA and a sequencing of the PCR products, are part of a field of biology called

Accepted Answer

A)  functional genomics. 
B)  transposon-tagging. 
C)  proteomics. 
D)  phenomics. 
E)  metagenomics. 
A)  functional genomics. 
B)  transposon-tagging. 
C)  proteomics. 
D)  phenomics. 
E)  metagenomics.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the pathogenic strain 0157:H7 of E. coli is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It differs from the harmless laboratory strains of E. coli by only a few genes. 
B)  It shares several genes with other pathogenic bacteria, suggesting extensive genetic exchange among these species. 
C)  It is the primary cause of tuberculosis in the United States. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  Both a and c 
A)  It differs from the harmless laboratory strains of E. coli by only a few genes. 
B)  It shares several genes with other pathogenic bacteria, suggesting extensive genetic exchange among these species. 
C)  It is the primary cause of tuberculosis in the United States. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  Both a and c

Question 13

Which of the following techniques, tools, or activities would be most directly connected to identifying the genetic variants associated with a complex human disease like schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Determining the metabolome 
B)  Selective inactivation 
C)  Metagenomics 
D)  Haplotype mapping 
E)  Performing a pseudogene screen 
A)  Determining the metabolome 
B)  Selective inactivation 
C)  Metagenomics 
D)  Haplotype mapping 
E)  Performing a pseudogene screen

Question 14

The human genome

Accepted Answer

A)  contains very few repeated sequences. 
B)  has 3.3 billion base pairs. 
C)  was sequenced by hierarchical sequencing only. 
D)  has genes evenly distributed along chromosomes. 
E)  has few genes with introns. 
A)  contains very few repeated sequences. 
B)  has 3.3 billion base pairs. 
C)  was sequenced by hierarchical sequencing only. 
D)  has genes evenly distributed along chromosomes. 
E)  has few genes with introns.

Question 15

A small transparent nematode called _______ is a mainstay of work in developmental biology and genomics.

Accepted Answer

Caenorhabd

Question 16

Increasing the activity of myostatin in a dog will most likely lead to

Accepted Answer

A)  increased muscle development. 
B)  decreased muscle development. 
C)  increased size. 
D)  decreased size. 
E)  a change in coat color. 
A)  increased muscle development. 
B)  decreased muscle development. 
C)  increased size. 
D)  decreased size. 
E)  a change in coat color.

Question 17

Vertebrate gene families

Accepted Answer

A)  have mostly inactive genes. 
B)  include the globins. 
C)  are not produced by gene duplications. 
D)  increase the number of unique genes in the genome. 
E)  are not transcribed. 
A)  have mostly inactive genes. 
B)  include the globins. 
C)  are not produced by gene duplications. 
D)  increase the number of unique genes in the genome. 
E)  are not transcribed.

Question 18

The minimal genome for a free-living bacterium that can survive in the laboratory is likely to consist of _______ genes.

Accepted Answer

A)  50 or fewer 
B)  about 50 to 100 
C)  about 100 to 500 
D)  about 500 to 2,000 
E)  more than 2,000 
A)  50 or fewer 
B)  about 50 to 100 
C)  about 100 to 500 
D)  about 500 to 2,000 
E)  more than 2,000

Question 19

The sequencing of chromosomal DNA from eukaryotes

Accepted Answer

A)  does not require separation of the chromosomes. 
B)  involves the generation of overlapping fragments of DNA. 
C)  is relatively easy since eukaryotic chromosomal DNA is small. 
D)  is limited by the number of base pairs that can be sequenced at a time. 
E)  Both b and d 
A)  does not require separation of the chromosomes. 
B)  involves the generation of overlapping fragments of DNA. 
C)  is relatively easy since eukaryotic chromosomal DNA is small. 
D)  is limited by the number of base pairs that can be sequenced at a time. 
E)  Both b and d

Question 20

Rickettsiia prowazekii, which is carried by lice, causes _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rickettsiia prowazekii, which is carried by lice,...

Exam 17: Genomes

Genes that cause cancer when mutated

The Alu element, which accounts for over 10% of the human genome, is an example of a

Which of the following techniques or tools is most suited to determining the minimal genome of a free-living bacterium?

In humans, rRNAs are coded for by

Eukaryotic transposable elements that do not use RNA intermediates are known as _______.

Which of the following statements is false?

Which of the following statements would be considered an expression of genetic determinism?

In the situation described above, which sequence does enzyme A recognize as a site at which to cut? (Note that the enzyme cuts in the middle of its recognition sequence.)

The major difference between noninfective strains of Haemophilus influenzae and highly infective strains is that

Craig Venter, a leader of one of the teams that sequenced the human genome, has now turned his attention to cataloging the microbial life of the oceans. His studies, which involve PCR amplification of microbial DNA and a sequencing of the PCR products, are part of a field of biology called

Which of the following statements about the pathogenic strain 0157:H7 of E. coli is true?

Which of the following techniques, tools, or activities would be most directly connected to identifying the genetic variants associated with a complex human disease like schizophrenia?

The human genome

A small transparent nematode called _______ is a mainstay of work in developmental biology and genomics.

Increasing the activity of myostatin in a dog will most likely lead to

Vertebrate gene families

The minimal genome for a free-living bacterium that can survive in the laboratory is likely to consist of _______ genes.

The sequencing of chromosomal DNA from eukaryotes

Rickettsiia prowazekii, which is carried by lice, causes _______.

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling and Communication

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Recombinent Dna and Biotechnology

Differential Gene Expression in Development

Development and Evolutionary Change

Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Species and Their Formation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Function

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen

Animal Behavior

Ecology and the Distribution of Life

Population Ecology

Species Interaction and Coevolution

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Conservation Biology

Filters