Question 1

The incorporation of a _______ will terminate the synthesis of DNA. This principle is used in conventional methods of DNA sequencing.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The incorporation of a _______ will terminate...

Question 2

Which of the following was not one of the discoveries that resulted from the genome sequencing of plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  There are more protein-coding genes in animals than plants. 
B)  Many Arabidopsis genes are duplicated due to chromosomal rearrangements. 
C)  There are more genes in plants that are similar to each other than there are genes that are unique. 
D)  Plants have many genes whose products are used for defense against microbes and herbivores. 
E)  All of the above are true. 
A)  There are more protein-coding genes in animals than plants. 
B)  Many Arabidopsis genes are duplicated due to chromosomal rearrangements. 
C)  There are more genes in plants that are similar to each other than there are genes that are unique. 
D)  Plants have many genes whose products are used for defense against microbes and herbivores. 
E)  All of the above are true.

Question 3

The bacterium responsible for the most common sexually transmitted disease in the United States is

Accepted Answer

A)  Streptomyces coelicolor. 
B)  Rickettsia prowazekii. 
C)  Chlamydia trachomatis. 
D)  Treponema pallidum. 
E)  Neisseria gonorrhoeae. 
A)  Streptomyces coelicolor. 
B)  Rickettsia prowazekii. 
C)  Chlamydia trachomatis. 
D)  Treponema pallidum. 
E)  Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Question 4

Transposons differ from transposable elements in that

Accepted Answer

A)  transposons may carry additional genes. 
B)  transposons are smaller than transposable elements. 
C)  transposons cannot disrupt genes. 
D)  transposable elements often contain genes for antibiotic resistance. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  transposons may carry additional genes. 
B)  transposons are smaller than transposable elements. 
C)  transposons cannot disrupt genes. 
D)  transposable elements often contain genes for antibiotic resistance. 
E)  None of the above

Question 5

Which one of the following does not represent information that we have gained from genome sequencing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mycobacteria have many genes devoted to metabolizing fats. 
B)  There is extensive genetic exchange between different kinds of bacteria. 
C)  Genomes can be sequenced even when organisms cannot be cultured. 
D)  Much of the eukaryotic genome contains coding sequences. 
E)  The majority of genes in C. elegans are cell signaling genes. 
A)  Mycobacteria have many genes devoted to metabolizing fats. 
B)  There is extensive genetic exchange between different kinds of bacteria. 
C)  Genomes can be sequenced even when organisms cannot be cultured. 
D)  Much of the eukaryotic genome contains coding sequences. 
E)  The majority of genes in C. elegans are cell signaling genes.

Question 6

Comparisons of yeast and bacterial cell genomes have revealed that

Accepted Answer

A)  yeast cells have more genes devoted to the basic functions of survival than bacteria do. 
B)  eukaryotic cells are structurally similar to bacterial cells in terms of complexity. 
C)  there are more genes for targeting proteins to organelles in yeast than in bacteria. 
D)  the histones of bacteria are very similar to those of yeast. 
E)  bacteria and yeast are both haploid. 
A)  yeast cells have more genes devoted to the basic functions of survival than bacteria do. 
B)  eukaryotic cells are structurally similar to bacterial cells in terms of complexity. 
C)  there are more genes for targeting proteins to organelles in yeast than in bacteria. 
D)  the histones of bacteria are very similar to those of yeast. 
E)  bacteria and yeast are both haploid.

Question 7

Use the following to answer questions

The diagram below shows the use of transposons as mutagens.
  
-Based on the diagram, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gene A is essential because there was growth when gene A was mutagenized. 
B)  Gene A is not essential because there was growth when gene A was mutagenized. 
C)  Gene A is not essential because there was no growth when gene A was mutagenized 
D)  Gene A is essential because there was no growth when gene A was mutagenized. 
E)  Whether gene A is essential or not depends on gene B. 
A)  Gene A is essential because there was growth when gene A was mutagenized. 
B)  Gene A is not essential because there was growth when gene A was mutagenized. 
C)  Gene A is not essential because there was no growth when gene A was mutagenized 
D)  Gene A is essential because there was no growth when gene A was mutagenized. 
E)  Whether gene A is essential or not depends on gene B.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the human genome is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most human genes have introns. 
B)  Genes are evenly distributed among the chromosomes. 
C)  Only about 2 percent of the genome codes for proteins. 
D)  Transposons are common. 
E)  The "average" human gene codes for more than just one protein. 
A)  Most human genes have introns. 
B)  Genes are evenly distributed among the chromosomes. 
C)  Only about 2 percent of the genome codes for proteins. 
D)  Transposons are common. 
E)  The "average" human gene codes for more than just one protein.

Question 9

In the context of metabolomics, glucose would be considered a

Accepted Answer

A)  haplotype. 
B)  primary metabolite. 
C)  secondary metabolite. 
D)  tertiary metabolite. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  haplotype. 
B)  primary metabolite. 
C)  secondary metabolite. 
D)  tertiary metabolite. 
E)  None of the above

Question 10

Which of the following fields or approaches is most likely to lead directly to a reduction in the negative side effects associated with a drug used to treat diabetes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Comparative genomics 
B)  Metagenomics 
C)  Metabolomics 
D)  Pharmacogenomics 
E)  Selective inactivation 
A)  Comparative genomics 
B)  Metagenomics 
C)  Metabolomics 
D)  Pharmacogenomics 
E)  Selective inactivation

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the benefits of knowing genomic sequences is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Open reading frames for proteins may be identified. 
B)  RNA genes may be identified. 
C)  The sequence of a gene for a protein always allows the determination of the protein's function. 
D)  Evolutionary relationships among organisms may be traced. 
E)  Noncoding sequences may be analyzed. 
A)  Open reading frames for proteins may be identified. 
B)  RNA genes may be identified. 
C)  The sequence of a gene for a protein always allows the determination of the protein's function. 
D)  Evolutionary relationships among organisms may be traced. 
E)  Noncoding sequences may be analyzed.

Question 12

Techniques associated with which of the following are most likely to generate ethical concerns?

Accepted Answer

A)  Metagenomics 
B)  Creation of a minimal genome 
C)  Shotgun sequencing 
D)  Hierarchical sequencing 
E)  Comparative genomics 
A)  Metagenomics 
B)  Creation of a minimal genome 
C)  Shotgun sequencing 
D)  Hierarchical sequencing 
E)  Comparative genomics

Question 13

Analyzing the human genome has revealed many genes that cause disease when mutated. Why have we not been able to eliminate those diseases now that we know the genes that are involved?

Accepted Answer

We have not been able to eliminate genet

Question 14

Transposons

Accepted Answer

A)  always use RNA for replication. 
B)  are approximately 50 bp long. 
C)  are made up of either DNA or RNA. 
D)  do not contain genes coding for proteins. 
E)  make up about 40 percent of the human genome. 
A)  always use RNA for replication. 
B)  are approximately 50 bp long. 
C)  are made up of either DNA or RNA. 
D)  do not contain genes coding for proteins. 
E)  make up about 40 percent of the human genome.

Question 15

A lab sequencing the DNA of various species of pathogenic bacteria with the goal of determining their evolutionary relationships would be practicing _______ genomics.

Accepted Answer

A)  functional 
B)  operational 
C)  meta- 
D)  comparative 
E)  eukaryotic 
A)  functional 
B)  operational 
C)  meta- 
D)  comparative 
E)  eukaryotic

Question 16

What is the most likely explanation for the abundance of transposons in eukaryotic genomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are needed to provide mutations. 
B)  They are needed to increase genetic recombination. 
C)  They are genomic parasites. 
D)  They assist in the process of DNA repair. 
E)  They provide reverse transcriptase. 
A)  They are needed to provide mutations. 
B)  They are needed to increase genetic recombination. 
C)  They are genomic parasites. 
D)  They assist in the process of DNA repair. 
E)  They provide reverse transcriptase.

Question 17

Which is not true of metagenomics?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has been done with bacteria. 
B)  It is done on rRNA sequences. 
C)  It has revealed many new metabolic capacities. 
D)  It involves extracting DNA from the environment. 
E)  It cannot be done on seawater. 
A)  It has been done with bacteria. 
B)  It is done on rRNA sequences. 
C)  It has revealed many new metabolic capacities. 
D)  It involves extracting DNA from the environment. 
E)  It cannot be done on seawater.

Question 18

The transposable element bandit, which was discovered in the dog hookworm, appears able to move to the hookworm's mammalian hosts. Because it does not use an RNA intermediate, the bandit element has been classified as a(n) _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The transposable element bandit, which was discovered...

Question 19

Genomics has revealed that the bacterium that causes tuberculosis has more 250 genes that metabolize lipids. What does this finding suggest about the bacterium and about medicinal approaches to this disease?

Accepted Answer

The tuberculosis bacterium mus

Question 20

Use the following to answer questions:
The diagram below shows how DNA is sequenced.  
-At which step are the DNA segments first separated by length?

Accepted Answer

A)  Step 2 
B)  Step 3 
C)  Step 4 
D)  Step 5 
E)  Step 6 or later 
A)  Step 2 
B)  Step 3 
C)  Step 4 
D)  Step 5 
E)  Step 6 or later

Exam 17: Genomes

The incorporation of a _______ will terminate the synthesis of DNA. This principle is used in conventional methods of DNA sequencing.

Which of the following was not one of the discoveries that resulted from the genome sequencing of plants?

The bacterium responsible for the most common sexually transmitted disease in the United States is

Transposons differ from transposable elements in that

Which one of the following does not represent information that we have gained from genome sequencing?

Comparisons of yeast and bacterial cell genomes have revealed that

Use the following to answer questions The diagram below shows the use of transposons as mutagens. -Based on the diagram, which of the following is true?

Which of the following statements about the human genome is false?

In the context of metabolomics, glucose would be considered a

Which of the following fields or approaches is most likely to lead directly to a reduction in the negative side effects associated with a drug used to treat diabetes?

Which of the following statements about the benefits of knowing genomic sequences is false?

Techniques associated with which of the following are most likely to generate ethical concerns?

Analyzing the human genome has revealed many genes that cause disease when mutated. Why have we not been able to eliminate those diseases now that we know the genes that are involved?

Transposons

A lab sequencing the DNA of various species of pathogenic bacteria with the goal of determining their evolutionary relationships would be practicing _______ genomics.

What is the most likely explanation for the abundance of transposons in eukaryotic genomes?

Which is not true of metagenomics?

The transposable element bandit, which was discovered in the dog hookworm, appears able to move to the hookworm's mammalian hosts. Because it does not use an RNA intermediate, the bandit element has been classified as a(n) _______.

Genomics has revealed that the bacterium that causes tuberculosis has more 250 genes that metabolize lipids. What does this finding suggest about the bacterium and about medicinal approaches to this disease?

Use the following to answer questions: The diagram below shows how DNA is sequenced. -At which step are the DNA segments first separated by length?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling and Communication

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Recombinent Dna and Biotechnology

Differential Gene Expression in Development

Development and Evolutionary Change

Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Species and Their Formation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Function

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen

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Ecology and the Distribution of Life

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