Question 1

Comparative genomics has shown that

Accepted Answer

A)  chimpanzees and humans shared a common ancestor. 
B)  humans descended from chimpanzees. 
C)  genes for enzymes of metabolism are similar in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. 
D)  many genes are unique to plants. 
E)  a, c, and d 
A)  chimpanzees and humans shared a common ancestor. 
B)  humans descended from chimpanzees. 
C)  genes for enzymes of metabolism are similar in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. 
D)  many genes are unique to plants. 
E)  a, c, and d

Question 2

By necessity, which of the following will be included in an open reading frame?

Accepted Answer

A)  A transposable element 
B)  A start codon 
C)  A chromatin sequence 
D)  Regulatory sequences 
E)  All of the above 
A)  A transposable element 
B)  A start codon 
C)  A chromatin sequence 
D)  Regulatory sequences 
E)  All of the above

Question 3

The Human Genome Project could not have proceeded without the new field of _______, which uses complex mathematics and computer programs to analyze DNA sequences.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Human Genome Project could not have...

Question 4

Comparison of the genomes of prokaryotes has revealed several differences. Which of the following characteristics of genomes is quite similar in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  The presence of introns 
B)  Genome size 
C)  Percentage of the genome that codes for proteins 
D)  Genes that code for the enzymes in the glycolytic pathway 
E)  Number of genes 
A)  The presence of introns 
B)  Genome size 
C)  Percentage of the genome that codes for proteins 
D)  Genes that code for the enzymes in the glycolytic pathway 
E)  Number of genes

Question 5

Closely linked SNPs that differ among individuals usually are inherited as a unit known as a(n) _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Closely linked SNPs that differ among individuals...

Question 6

Studies using selective gene inactivation have allowed researchers to estimate the _______ genome size of bacteria.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Studies using selective gene inactivation have allowed...

Question 7

The DNA sequences that code for eukaryotic rRNA

Accepted Answer

A)  are transcribed only at the ribosome. 
B)  are repeated hundreds of times. 
C)  contain all the genes clustered directly beside one another. 
D)  are on only one human chromosome. 
E)  are identical to the sequences that code for miRNA. 
A)  are transcribed only at the ribosome. 
B)  are repeated hundreds of times. 
C)  contain all the genes clustered directly beside one another. 
D)  are on only one human chromosome. 
E)  are identical to the sequences that code for miRNA.

Question 8

A promoter is an example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  open reading frame. 
B)  transposable element. 
C)  chromatin sequence. 
D)  rRNA gene. 
E)  regulatory sequence. 
A)  open reading frame. 
B)  transposable element. 
C)  chromatin sequence. 
D)  rRNA gene. 
E)  regulatory sequence.

Question 9

Why do different organisms show more similarities in their proteomes than in their genomes?

Accepted Answer

More sequence similarities are revealed

Question 10

Shotgun DNA sequencing differs from hierarchical DNA sequencing in that

Accepted Answer

A)  fragments with overlapping sequences are not needed for shotgun sequencing. 
B)  specific markers are required for hierarchical DNA sequencing. 
C)  shotgun DNA sequencing does not require amplification of the DNA. 
D)  multiple cutting of the DNA is not needed for shotgun DNA sequencing. 
E)  genomic libraries are used only in shotgun sequencing. 
A)  fragments with overlapping sequences are not needed for shotgun sequencing. 
B)  specific markers are required for hierarchical DNA sequencing. 
C)  shotgun DNA sequencing does not require amplification of the DNA. 
D)  multiple cutting of the DNA is not needed for shotgun DNA sequencing. 
E)  genomic libraries are used only in shotgun sequencing.

Question 11

Which of the following would not be required for the purpose of determining the sequence of a 400-base-pair DNA fragment by the standard ddNTP sequencing method?

Accepted Answer

A)  The four dNTPs (dATP, dCTP, dGTP, dTTP) 
B)  DNA polymerase 
C)  A short, artificially synthesized primer 
D)  A bacterial artificial chromosome 
E)  All of the above would be required. 
A)  The four dNTPs (dATP, dCTP, dGTP, dTTP) 
B)  DNA polymerase 
C)  A short, artificially synthesized primer 
D)  A bacterial artificial chromosome 
E)  All of the above would be required.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the globin genes in humans is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are all expressed at the same time. 
B)  They all arose from a single common ancestor gene a long time ago. 
C)  They are an example of a gene family. 
D)  Some of the different genes carry out different functions. 
E)  All of the above are true; none is false. 
A)  They are all expressed at the same time. 
B)  They all arose from a single common ancestor gene a long time ago. 
C)  They are an example of a gene family. 
D)  Some of the different genes carry out different functions. 
E)  All of the above are true; none is false.

Question 13

Which of the following is a disadvantage of shotgun sequencing as compared to hierarchical sequencing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Shotgun sequencing requires a more detailed genetic map. 
B)  Shotgun sequencing requires the use of bacterial artificial chromosomes. 
C)  Shotgun sequencing is more expensive. 
D)  Shotgun sequencing relies more on careful aligning of DNA fragments. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Shotgun sequencing requires a more detailed genetic map. 
B)  Shotgun sequencing requires the use of bacterial artificial chromosomes. 
C)  Shotgun sequencing is more expensive. 
D)  Shotgun sequencing relies more on careful aligning of DNA fragments. 
E)  None of the above

Question 14

Which of the following is likely to be found in a eukaryotic genome but not in a prokaryotic one?

Accepted Answer

A)  Regulatory sequences 
B)  Coding sequences 
C)  Open reading frames 
D)  RNA genes 
E)  Telomeric sequences 
A)  Regulatory sequences 
B)  Coding sequences 
C)  Open reading frames 
D)  RNA genes 
E)  Telomeric sequences

Question 15

Which of the following statements about eukaryotic genomes is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They tend to be larger than prokaryotic genomes. 
B)  They tend to have more regulatory sequences than prokaryotic genomes. 
C)  The percentage of the genome devoted to coding sequence is higher than in prokaryotic genomes. 
D)  They usually have more repetitive DNA than prokaryotic genomes. 
E)  All of the above are true; none is false. 
A)  They tend to be larger than prokaryotic genomes. 
B)  They tend to have more regulatory sequences than prokaryotic genomes. 
C)  The percentage of the genome devoted to coding sequence is higher than in prokaryotic genomes. 
D)  They usually have more repetitive DNA than prokaryotic genomes. 
E)  All of the above are true; none is false.

Question 16

A 10 base-pair single-stranded DNA fragment was cut by three different restriction enzymes to produce the following fragments: 
(1) AC, TAC, and GGATG
(2)TA, CGG, and ATGAC
(3) GAC, GAT, and TACG.
The nucleotide sequence of the ten base fragment is

Accepted Answer

A)  ATGCCTACTG. 
B)  TACGGATGAC. 
C)  GGATGACTAC. 
D)  GACGATTACG. 
E)  The sequence cannot be determined from the information given. 
A)  ATGCCTACTG. 
B)  TACGGATGAC. 
C)  GGATGACTAC. 
D)  GACGATTACG. 
E)  The sequence cannot be determined from the information given.

Question 17

Metabolomics

Accepted Answer

A)  is the quantitative description of all of the small molecules in an organism. 
B)  includes primary metabolites. 
C)  includes secondary metabolites. 
D)  requires sophisticated methods for separating small molecules. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  is the quantitative description of all of the small molecules in an organism. 
B)  includes primary metabolites. 
C)  includes secondary metabolites. 
D)  requires sophisticated methods for separating small molecules. 
E)  All of the above

Question 18

The sequencing of the human genome has allowed scientists to

Accepted Answer

A)  understand regulatory sequences that are important for gene expression. 
B)  locate genes that cause disease. 
C)  understand evolutionary relationships by comparing human genes to genes in other organisms. 
D)  investigate gene families and their origins. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  understand regulatory sequences that are important for gene expression. 
B)  locate genes that cause disease. 
C)  understand evolutionary relationships by comparing human genes to genes in other organisms. 
D)  investigate gene families and their origins. 
E)  All of the above

Question 19

Which of the following statements about chromosome structure and function is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Telomere sequences are found at the ends of chromosomes. 
B)  Remodeling of chromatin structure can alter gene expression. 
C)  A chromosome has a single DNA molecule. 
D)  Short tandem repeats are an example of noncoding DNA. 
E)  All of the above are true; none is false. 
A)  Telomere sequences are found at the ends of chromosomes. 
B)  Remodeling of chromatin structure can alter gene expression. 
C)  A chromosome has a single DNA molecule. 
D)  Short tandem repeats are an example of noncoding DNA. 
E)  All of the above are true; none is false.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of a secondary metabolite?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tannins produced by oak trees to ward against herbivores 
B)  The enzyme phosophofructokinase used in glycolysis 
C)  Hemoglobin used to carry oxygen in the blood 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  Both b and c 
A)  Tannins produced by oak trees to ward against herbivores 
B)  The enzyme phosophofructokinase used in glycolysis 
C)  Hemoglobin used to carry oxygen in the blood 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  Both b and c

Exam 17: Genomes

Comparative genomics has shown that

By necessity, which of the following will be included in an open reading frame?

The Human Genome Project could not have proceeded without the new field of _______, which uses complex mathematics and computer programs to analyze DNA sequences.

Comparison of the genomes of prokaryotes has revealed several differences. Which of the following characteristics of genomes is quite similar in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Closely linked SNPs that differ among individuals usually are inherited as a unit known as a(n) _______.

Studies using selective gene inactivation have allowed researchers to estimate the _______ genome size of bacteria.

The DNA sequences that code for eukaryotic rRNA

A promoter is an example of a(n)

Why do different organisms show more similarities in their proteomes than in their genomes?

Shotgun DNA sequencing differs from hierarchical DNA sequencing in that

Which of the following would not be required for the purpose of determining the sequence of a 400-base-pair DNA fragment by the standard ddNTP sequencing method?

Which of the following statements about the globin genes in humans is false?

Which of the following is a disadvantage of shotgun sequencing as compared to hierarchical sequencing?

Which of the following is likely to be found in a eukaryotic genome but not in a prokaryotic one?

Which of the following statements about eukaryotic genomes is false?

A 10 base-pair single-stranded DNA fragment was cut by three different restriction enzymes to produce the following fragments: (1) AC, TAC, and GGATG (2)TA, CGG, and ATGAC (3) GAC, GAT, and TACG. The nucleotide sequence of the ten base fragment is

Metabolomics

The sequencing of the human genome has allowed scientists to

Which of the following statements about chromosome structure and function is false?

Which of the following is an example of a secondary metabolite?

Studying Life

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Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

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Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

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Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

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Differential Gene Expression in Development

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Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

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