Question 1

Why do scientists consider the gene eyeless in fruit flies and the gene Pax6 in mice to be homologous?

Accepted Answer

The gene eyeless in fruit flies and the

Question 2

In the bone-forming regions of marine stickleback embryos, the gene _______ is active; it is inactive in freshwater stickleback embryos.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the bone-forming regions of marine stickleback...

Question 3

A mutation that affects the length of wing in a fly, but has little or no effect elsewhere in the body, would be explained by the phenomenon of

Accepted Answer

A)  heterochrony. 
B)  homeosis. 
C)  pleiotropy. 
D)  developmental plasticity. 
E)  modularity. 
A)  heterochrony. 
B)  homeosis. 
C)  pleiotropy. 
D)  developmental plasticity. 
E)  modularity.

Question 4

Deletion of the _______ gene in Drosophila converts the third thoracic segment into the second thoracic seg­ment, resulting in a fly with two sets of fully formed wings.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Deletion of the _______ gene in Drosophila...

Question 5

Many genes are expressed earlier in humans than in chimpanzees and gorillas. This phenomenon is an example of _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Many genes are expressed earlier in humans...

Question 6

Low levels of light stimulate the _______ of plant cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Low levels of light stimulate the _______...

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the moth Nemoria arizonaria is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The spring caterpillars resemble catkins. 
B)  The summer caterpillars resemble oak twigs. 
C)  A chemical in oak leaves induces development of the summer form. 
D)  Both forms are adapted to the environments in which they live. 
E)  All of the above are true; none is false. 
A)  The spring caterpillars resemble catkins. 
B)  The summer caterpillars resemble oak twigs. 
C)  A chemical in oak leaves induces development of the summer form. 
D)  Both forms are adapted to the environments in which they live. 
E)  All of the above are true; none is false.

Question 8

Use the following to answer questions :
The diagram below shows the phylogeny of arthropods.  
-Suppose that flies and moths both have the same Ubx expression pattern. Which of the following taxa would most likely also share that expression pattern, based on the phylogenetic relationships?

Accepted Answer

A)  Beetle 
B)  Springtail 
C)  Mosquito 
D)  Spider 
E)  Centipede 
A)  Beetle 
B)  Springtail 
C)  Mosquito 
D)  Spider 
E)  Centipede

Question 9

In the absence of hormone treatment, which of the following occurred in the jacky dragons studied by Warner and Shine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Individuals reared at low temperatures developed into males; individuals reared at high temperatures developed into females. 
B)  Individuals reared at low temperatures developed into females; individuals reared at high temperatures developed into males. 
C)  Individuals reared at the lowest temperatures developed into males; those reared at intermediate tem­peratures developed into females; and those reared at the highest temperatures developed into males. 
D)  Individuals reared at the lowest temperatures developed into females; those reared at intermediate temperatures developed into males; and those reared at the highest temperatures developed into females. 
E)  Individuals with two X chromosomes developed into females; individuals with one X chromosome developed into males. 
A)  Individuals reared at low temperatures developed into males; individuals reared at high temperatures developed into females. 
B)  Individuals reared at low temperatures developed into females; individuals reared at high temperatures developed into males. 
C)  Individuals reared at the lowest temperatures developed into males; those reared at intermediate tem­peratures developed into females; and those reared at the highest temperatures developed into males. 
D)  Individuals reared at the lowest temperatures developed into females; those reared at intermediate temperatures developed into males; and those reared at the highest temperatures developed into females. 
E)  Individuals with two X chromosomes developed into females; individuals with one X chromosome developed into males.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the evolution of development is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Evolution by natural selection "works" like a tinker, assembling new structures by combining and modifying available materials. 
B)  Nearly all evolutionary innovations are the result of modifications of previously existing mechanisms and structures. 
C)  The genes that control development are highly conserved. 
D)  Natural selection can act on any signaling pathway that affects development. 
E)  All of the above are true; none is false 
A)  Evolution by natural selection "works" like a tinker, assembling new structures by combining and modifying available materials. 
B)  Nearly all evolutionary innovations are the result of modifications of previously existing mechanisms and structures. 
C)  The genes that control development are highly conserved. 
D)  Natural selection can act on any signaling pathway that affects development. 
E)  All of the above are true; none is false

Question 11

Feeding on mushrooms has independently evolved several times in the genus Drosophila. This is an example of _______ phenotypic evolution.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Feeding on mushrooms has independently evolved several...

Question 12

Which of the following is not a developmental response of an organism to the change in day (or night) length over the course of a year?

Accepted Answer

A)  Flowering of some plants 
B)  Diapause in insects 
C)  The elongation of stems in plants growing in low light intensities 
D)  Antler growth cycles 
E)  Seasonal reproduction in some animals 
A)  Flowering of some plants 
B)  Diapause in insects 
C)  The elongation of stems in plants growing in low light intensities 
D)  Antler growth cycles 
E)  Seasonal reproduction in some animals

Question 13

Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Homologous genes encoding similar transcription factors are expressed in similar patterns along the anterior-posterior axes of both mammals and insects. 
B)  The full-sized wing in Drosophila is normally produced on just the third thoracic segment. 
C)  Deletions of the Ubx gene in Drosophila convert the third thoracic segment into the second thoracic segment. 
D)  Ubx is a Hox gene. 
E)  All of the above are true; none is false. 
A)  Homologous genes encoding similar transcription factors are expressed in similar patterns along the anterior-posterior axes of both mammals and insects. 
B)  The full-sized wing in Drosophila is normally produced on just the third thoracic segment. 
C)  Deletions of the Ubx gene in Drosophila convert the third thoracic segment into the second thoracic segment. 
D)  Ubx is a Hox gene. 
E)  All of the above are true; none is false.

Question 14

Use the following to answer questions :
The diagram below shows the phylogeny of arthropods.  
-Which arthropod would likely have a Ubx gene that is most similar to that of a beetle?

Accepted Answer

A)  A centipede 
B)  A spider 
C)  A fly 
D)  A shrimp 
E)  A springtail 
A)  A centipede 
B)  A spider 
C)  A fly 
D)  A shrimp 
E)  A springtail

Question 15

Conserved developmental genes can lead to _______ evolution.

Accepted Answer

A)  divergent 
B)  convergent 
C)  parallel phenotypic 
D)  linear 
E)  None of the above 
A)  divergent 
B)  convergent 
C)  parallel phenotypic 
D)  linear 
E)  None of the above

Question 16

An inhibitor of BMP4 known as _______ is expressed in the webbing of duck feet; the protein that this gene encodes causes webbing by preventing BMP4 from signaling for _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An inhibitor of BMP4 known as _______...

Question 17

Which of the following is most likely to be an example of phenotypic plasticity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Homology 
B)  Heterochrony 
C)  Diapause 
D)  Parallel phenotypic evolution 
E)  Modularity 
A)  Homology 
B)  Heterochrony 
C)  Diapause 
D)  Parallel phenotypic evolution 
E)  Modularity

Question 18

Homologous genes

Accepted Answer

A)  are adjacent to one another on the same chromosome. 
B)  never involve whole sets (clusters) of genes. 
C)  are found exclusively in mammals. 
D)  evolved from a gene present in a common ancestor. 
E)  are expressed at the same time in an organism. 
A)  are adjacent to one another on the same chromosome. 
B)  never involve whole sets (clusters) of genes. 
C)  are found exclusively in mammals. 
D)  evolved from a gene present in a common ancestor. 
E)  are expressed at the same time in an organism.

Question 19

Day length and temperature are both potential environmental signals that may influence development. What do changes in these two environmental factors tell an organism about future conditions?

Accepted Answer

Day length and temperature are accurate

Question 20

The "genetic toolkit" is _______ that have been _______ and _______ over the course of evolution.

Accepted Answer

A)  a set of random DNA sequences; conserved ; modified 
B)  a set of specific DNA sequences; conserved; modified 
C)  a set of specific DNA sequences; variable; highly mutated 
D)  a set of random DNA sequences; conserved; deleted 
E)  None of the above 
A)  a set of random DNA sequences; conserved ; modified 
B)  a set of specific DNA sequences; conserved; modified 
C)  a set of specific DNA sequences; variable; highly mutated 
D)  a set of random DNA sequences; conserved; deleted 
E)  None of the above

Exam 20: Development and Evolutionary Change

Why do scientists consider the gene eyeless in fruit flies and the gene Pax6 in mice to be homologous?

In the bone-forming regions of marine stickleback embryos, the gene _______ is active; it is inactive in freshwater stickleback embryos.

A mutation that affects the length of wing in a fly, but has little or no effect elsewhere in the body, would be explained by the phenomenon of

Deletion of the _______ gene in Drosophila converts the third thoracic segment into the second thoracic seg­ment, resulting in a fly with two sets of fully formed wings.

Many genes are expressed earlier in humans than in chimpanzees and gorillas. This phenomenon is an example of _______.

Low levels of light stimulate the _______ of plant cells.

Which of the following statements about the moth Nemoria arizonaria is false?

Use the following to answer questions : The diagram below shows the phylogeny of arthropods. -Suppose that flies and moths both have the same Ubx expression pattern. Which of the following taxa would most likely also share that expression pattern, based on the phylogenetic relationships?

In the absence of hormone treatment, which of the following occurred in the jacky dragons studied by Warner and Shine?

Which of the following statements about the evolution of development is false?

Feeding on mushrooms has independently evolved several times in the genus Drosophila. This is an example of _______ phenotypic evolution.

Which of the following is not a developmental response of an organism to the change in day (or night) length over the course of a year?

Which of the following statements is false?

Use the following to answer questions : The diagram below shows the phylogeny of arthropods. -Which arthropod would likely have a Ubx gene that is most similar to that of a beetle?

Conserved developmental genes can lead to _______ evolution.

An inhibitor of BMP4 known as _______ is expressed in the webbing of duck feet; the protein that this gene encodes causes webbing by preventing BMP4 from signaling for _______.

Which of the following is most likely to be an example of phenotypic plasticity?

Homologous genes

Day length and temperature are both potential environmental signals that may influence development. What do changes in these two environmental factors tell an organism about future conditions?

The "genetic toolkit" is _______ that have been _______ and _______ over the course of evolution.

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling and Communication

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinent Dna and Biotechnology

Differential Gene Expression in Development

Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Species and Their Formation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Function

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen

Animal Behavior

Ecology and the Distribution of Life

Population Ecology

Species Interaction and Coevolution

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Conservation Biology

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Deletion of the _______ gene in Drosophila converts the third thoracic segment into the second thoracic segment, resulting in a fly with two sets of fully formed wings.

An inhibitor of BMP4 known as _ is expressed in the webbing of duck feet; the protein that this gene encodes causes webbing by preventing BMP4 from signaling for _.

The "genetic toolkit" is ___ that have been _ and _____ over the course of evolution.