Question 1

Which of the following statements about chick and mouse embryos is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chick and mouse embryos differ in the number of their cervical vertebrae. 
B)  Chick and mouse embryos differ in the number of their thoracic vertebrae. 
C)  The presence of Hoxc6 expression affects the identity of vertebrae in different ways in chicks and mice. 
D)  The expression pattern of Hoxc6 differs in chicks and mice. 
E)  All of the above are true; none is false. 
A)  Chick and mouse embryos differ in the number of their cervical vertebrae. 
B)  Chick and mouse embryos differ in the number of their thoracic vertebrae. 
C)  The presence of Hoxc6 expression affects the identity of vertebrae in different ways in chicks and mice. 
D)  The expression pattern of Hoxc6 differs in chicks and mice. 
E)  All of the above are true; none is false.

Question 2

Without the enzyme _______, all slider turtles would be male, because testosterone would not be converted to estrogen.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Without the enzyme _______, all slider turtles...

Question 3

Which of the following accounts for the giraffe's long neck?

Accepted Answer

A)  Developmental plasticity 
B)  Modularity 
C)  Heterochrony 
D)  Apoptosis 
E)  Stretching 
A)  Developmental plasticity 
B)  Modularity 
C)  Heterochrony 
D)  Apoptosis 
E)  Stretching

Question 4

Ubx expression _______ forewing development and _______ hindwing development.

Accepted Answer

A)  promotes; promotes 
B)  promotes; inhibits 
C)  has no effect on; promotes 
D)  inhibits; promotes 
E)  inhibits; inhibits 
A)  promotes; promotes 
B)  promotes; inhibits 
C)  has no effect on; promotes 
D)  inhibits; promotes 
E)  inhibits; inhibits

Question 5

A gene found in mice and a gene found in humans show sequence similarity as well as similarity in their function. These observations have led researchers to infer that the genes evolved from a common ancestor. In other words, these are _______ genes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A gene found in mice and a...

Question 6

Evidence suggests that at least some developmental mechanisms have been _______ during the evolution of multicellular organisms. Specific _______ comprise what is called the "_______."

Accepted Answer

A)  conserved; protein sequences; genetic toolkit 
B)  highly modified; DNA sequences; genetic toolkit 
C)  conserved; DNA sequences; genetic toolkit 
D)  highly modified; protein sequences; developmental tool kit 
E)  conserved; DNA sequences; developmental tool kit 
A)  conserved; protein sequences; genetic toolkit 
B)  highly modified; DNA sequences; genetic toolkit 
C)  conserved; DNA sequences; genetic toolkit 
D)  highly modified; protein sequences; developmental tool kit 
E)  conserved; DNA sequences; developmental tool kit

Question 7

The transition from one region of the vertebral column to another is

Accepted Answer

A)  an example of heterochrony. 
B)  under the temporal control of the Hox6 gene expression. 
C)  controlled by the pattern of Hox6 gene expression. 
D)  an example of modularity in development. 
E)  explains why giraffes' necks are longer than that of humans. 
A)  an example of heterochrony. 
B)  under the temporal control of the Hox6 gene expression. 
C)  controlled by the pattern of Hox6 gene expression. 
D)  an example of modularity in development. 
E)  explains why giraffes' necks are longer than that of humans.

Question 8

In slider turtles, _______ temperatures during development lead to mostly females being born.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In slider turtles, _______ temperatures during development...

Question 9

Which of the following is not one of the principles of evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Animal groups share similar molecular mechanisms for morphogenesis. 
B)  Changes in the timing of gene expression are important in the evolution of new structures. 
C)  Evolution of development is not responsive to the environment. 
D)  Changes in the locations of gene expression in the embryo can lead to new structures. 
E)  Evolution occurs by modification of existing developmental genes and pathways. 
A)  Animal groups share similar molecular mechanisms for morphogenesis. 
B)  Changes in the timing of gene expression are important in the evolution of new structures. 
C)  Evolution of development is not responsive to the environment. 
D)  Changes in the locations of gene expression in the embryo can lead to new structures. 
E)  Evolution occurs by modification of existing developmental genes and pathways.

Question 10

Which of the following is most conducive for parallel phenotypic evolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  Heterochrony 
B)  Phenotypic plasticity 
C)  The conservation of important developmental genes 
D)  The sudden appearance of a new structure 
E)  Organisms using information to predict future conditions 
A)  Heterochrony 
B)  Phenotypic plasticity 
C)  The conservation of important developmental genes 
D)  The sudden appearance of a new structure 
E)  Organisms using information to predict future conditions

Question 11

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Embryos are made up of modules. 
B)  Adults are made up of modules. 
C)  Many developmental genes exert their effects on only a single module. 
D)  All of above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Embryos are made up of modules. 
B)  Adults are made up of modules. 
C)  Many developmental genes exert their effects on only a single module. 
D)  All of above 
E)  None of the above

Question 12

A new field of biology known as _______ involves comparative study of the genes that control the development and evolution of various organisms.

Accepted Answer

evolutiona

Question 13

Developmental modularity

Accepted Answer

A)  allows one part of an animal's body to change independent of another. 
B)  is controlled by a single "switch." 
C)  can be independent of Hox gene expression. 
D)  is a consequence of the action of the genetic tool kit. 
E)  Both a and d 
A)  allows one part of an animal's body to change independent of another. 
B)  is controlled by a single "switch." 
C)  can be independent of Hox gene expression. 
D)  is a consequence of the action of the genetic tool kit. 
E)  Both a and d

Question 14

Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Wings have evolved independently four times in vertebrates. 
B)  Wings arose as a result of new "wing genes." 
C)  Wings arose as modifications to already existing structures. 
D)  Wings have different skeletal components in birds and bats. 
E)  Wings have similar structural components in pterosaurs and insects. 
A)  Wings have evolved independently four times in vertebrates. 
B)  Wings arose as a result of new "wing genes." 
C)  Wings arose as modifications to already existing structures. 
D)  Wings have different skeletal components in birds and bats. 
E)  Wings have similar structural components in pterosaurs and insects.

Question 15

Module development has allowed for evolutionary changes to occur while still resulting in a viable organism because

Accepted Answer

A)  all modules must change together. 
B)  modules can change independently of one another. 
C)  modules are unimportant for development. 
D)  modules prevent heterochrony. 
E)  developmental genes always exert their effects on more than one module. 
A)  all modules must change together. 
B)  modules can change independently of one another. 
C)  modules are unimportant for development. 
D)  modules prevent heterochrony. 
E)  developmental genes always exert their effects on more than one module.

Question 16

Suppose that a plant normally grows large fleshy leaves in the absence of water stress. In low moisture conditions, that same plant species grows small thin leaves that are more resistant to desiccation. This observation would be an illustration of the principle of

Accepted Answer

A)  plasticity. 
B)  parallel phenotypic evolution. 
C)  heterochrony. 
D)  homoplasy. 
E)  modularity 
A)  plasticity. 
B)  parallel phenotypic evolution. 
C)  heterochrony. 
D)  homoplasy. 
E)  modularity

Question 17

Organisms often respond to environmental signals that accurately predict future conditions by

Accepted Answer

A)  stopping development until the signal changes. 
B)  altering their development to adapt to the future environment. 
C)  altering their development such that the resulting adult can produce offspring adapted to the future environment. 
D)  producing new mutants. 
E)  developing normally because the predicted conditions may not last long. 
A)  stopping development until the signal changes. 
B)  altering their development to adapt to the future environment. 
C)  altering their development such that the resulting adult can produce offspring adapted to the future environment. 
D)  producing new mutants. 
E)  developing normally because the predicted conditions may not last long.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the relationship between modularity and heterochrony?

Accepted Answer

A)  Heterochrony allows for modularity. 
B)  Heterochrony inhibits the evolution of modularity. 
C)  Modularity permits evolutionary changes that involve heterochrony. 
D)  Modularity inhibits evolutionary changes that involve heterochrony. 
E)  Modularity has no effect on the likelihood of evolution via heterochrony. 
A)  Heterochrony allows for modularity. 
B)  Heterochrony inhibits the evolution of modularity. 
C)  Modularity permits evolutionary changes that involve heterochrony. 
D)  Modularity inhibits evolutionary changes that involve heterochrony. 
E)  Modularity has no effect on the likelihood of evolution via heterochrony.

Question 19

Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Diet can initiate developmental changes. 
B)  Day length is a reliable environmental signal. 
C)  Temperature can initiate developmental changes. 
D)  Cells of plant stems elongate in response to low light levels. 
E)  The cycle by which deer form and lose their antlers occurs in response to temperature. 
A)  Diet can initiate developmental changes. 
B)  Day length is a reliable environmental signal. 
C)  Temperature can initiate developmental changes. 
D)  Cells of plant stems elongate in response to low light levels. 
E)  The cycle by which deer form and lose their antlers occurs in response to temperature.

Question 20

Which of the following is not true of genetic switches?

Accepted Answer

A)  They control how a genetic toolkit is used. 
B)  They integrate positional information in an embryo. 
C)  A single switch controls each gene. 
D)  They allow different structures to develop within an individual organism. 
E)  They determine when and where a gene is turned on or off. 
A)  They control how a genetic toolkit is used. 
B)  They integrate positional information in an embryo. 
C)  A single switch controls each gene. 
D)  They allow different structures to develop within an individual organism. 
E)  They determine when and where a gene is turned on or off.

Exam 20: Development and Evolutionary Change

Which of the following statements about chick and mouse embryos is false?

Without the enzyme _______, all slider turtles would be male, because testosterone would not be converted to estrogen.

Which of the following accounts for the giraffe's long neck?

Ubx expression _______ forewing development and _______ hindwing development.

A gene found in mice and a gene found in humans show sequence similarity as well as similarity in their function. These observations have led researchers to infer that the genes evolved from a common ancestor. In other words, these are _______ genes.

Evidence suggests that at least some developmental mechanisms have been _______ during the evolution of multicellular organisms. Specific _______ comprise what is called the "_______."

The transition from one region of the vertebral column to another is

In slider turtles, _______ temperatures during development lead to mostly females being born.

Which of the following is not one of the principles of evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo)?

Which of the following is most conducive for parallel phenotypic evolution?

Which of the following statements is true?

A new field of biology known as _______ involves comparative study of the genes that control the development and evolution of various organisms.

Developmental modularity

Which of the following statements is correct?

Module development has allowed for evolutionary changes to occur while still resulting in a viable organism because

Suppose that a plant normally grows large fleshy leaves in the absence of water stress. In low moisture conditions, that same plant species grows small thin leaves that are more resistant to desiccation. This observation would be an illustration of the principle of

Organisms often respond to environmental signals that accurately predict future conditions by

Which of the following best describes the relationship between modularity and heterochrony?

Which of the following statements is false?

Which of the following is not true of genetic switches?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling and Communication

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinent Dna and Biotechnology

Differential Gene Expression in Development

Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Species and Their Formation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Function

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen

Animal Behavior

Ecology and the Distribution of Life

Population Ecology

Species Interaction and Coevolution

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Conservation Biology

Filters

Ubx expression _ forewing development and _ hindwing development.

Evidence suggests that at least some developmental mechanisms have been ___ during the evolution of multicellular organisms. Specific _ comprise what is called the "_____."