Question 1

Explain what is meant by coevolution of plants and herbivores. How can grazing increase the productivity of some plants?

Accepted Answer

Coevolution of herbivores and plants occ

Question 2

In order for an R gene to confer resistance, an invader must have a corresponding

Accepted Answer

A)  R gene. 
B)  tRNA. 
C)  virus. 
D)  Avr gene. 
E)  bacterium. 
A)  R gene. 
B)  tRNA. 
C)  virus. 
D)  Avr gene. 
E)  bacterium.

Question 3

Laticifers are

Accepted Answer

A)  specialized cells for containing sodium ions. 
B)  latex-containing tubes for storing hydrophobic products. 
C)  waxy cells in the epidermis. 
D)  cells that produce poisons such as alkaloids. 
E)  cells in roots that take up water in dry environments. 
A)  specialized cells for containing sodium ions. 
B)  latex-containing tubes for storing hydrophobic products. 
C)  waxy cells in the epidermis. 
D)  cells that produce poisons such as alkaloids. 
E)  cells in roots that take up water in dry environments.

Question 4

A plant's immune response to RNA viruses involves

Accepted Answer

A)  heat shock proteins. 
B)  secondary metabolites. 
C)  small interfering RNA. 
D)  PR proteins. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  heat shock proteins. 
B)  secondary metabolites. 
C)  small interfering RNA. 
D)  PR proteins. 
E)  All of the above

Question 5

Which of the following is not a hypersensitive reaction of a plant to infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Production of phytoalexins by cells around the infection 
B)  Death of cells near the infection 
C)  Death of infected cells 
D)  Synthesis of pathogenesis-related proteins 
E)  Transport of phytoalexins to all parts of the plant 
A)  Production of phytoalexins by cells around the infection 
B)  Death of cells near the infection 
C)  Death of infected cells 
D)  Synthesis of pathogenesis-related proteins 
E)  Transport of phytoalexins to all parts of the plant

Question 6

Use the following to answer questions :
Refer to the diagram below, showing signaling between plants and pathogens.  
-What type of molecule is released by the receptor in the plasma membrane when the presence of a pathogen is detected?

Accepted Answer

A signalin

Question 7

The reason that certain plants can grow in soils con­taminated with high levels of heavy metals is that they

Accepted Answer

A)  do not take up the heavy metals. 
B)  excrete the heavy metals. 
C)  have a genetic tolerance to the heavy metals. 
D)  use the heavy metals for normal biochemical functions. 
E)  are toxic to herbivores due to the heavy metals. 
A)  do not take up the heavy metals. 
B)  excrete the heavy metals. 
C)  have a genetic tolerance to the heavy metals. 
D)  use the heavy metals for normal biochemical functions. 
E)  are toxic to herbivores due to the heavy metals.

Question 8

Many plants produce toxins that damage eukaryotic predators. Considering that the cell structure of both the predator and the plant is similar, why is the plant not affected by its own toxins?

Accepted Answer

Plants may isolate the toxins into vacuo

Question 9

Substances that are not used for basic cellular metabolism, but rather for special functions such as inhibiting other organisms, are called _______ metabolites.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Substances that are not used for basic...

Question 10

The ability of grasses to grow from the base of the shoot and leaf is an adaptation to

Accepted Answer

A)  dry environments. 
B)  soil fungi. 
C)  heavy metals. 
D)  grazing. 
E)  saline environments. 
A)  dry environments. 
B)  soil fungi. 
C)  heavy metals. 
D)  grazing. 
E)  saline environments.

Question 11

Canavanine is toxic to many herbivores but not to plants. Which of the following statements regarding this differential toxicity is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Canavanine is confused with arginine in plants but not in animals. 
B)  Canavanine is incorporated into plant cells and causes them to fold properly. 
C)  Plants are able to differentiate between arginine and canavanine, whereas animals cannot. 
D)  Plants store canavanine in vacuoles, whereas animals metabolize it. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Canavanine is confused with arginine in plants but not in animals. 
B)  Canavanine is incorporated into plant cells and causes them to fold properly. 
C)  Plants are able to differentiate between arginine and canavanine, whereas animals cannot. 
D)  Plants store canavanine in vacuoles, whereas animals metabolize it. 
E)  None of the above

Question 12

In conditions in which soil water is plentiful but oxygen is scarce, plants respond by

Accepted Answer

A)  rapidly growing roots that penetrate deeply into the soil. 
B)  reverting to alcoholic fermentation. 
C)  inhibiting the production of ATP. 
D)  producing oxygen from water. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  rapidly growing roots that penetrate deeply into the soil. 
B)  reverting to alcoholic fermentation. 
C)  inhibiting the production of ATP. 
D)  producing oxygen from water. 
E)  All of the above

Question 13

Which of the following is not a characteristic of xerophytes? (Note that not all xerophytes have each of these characteristics.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Thick cuticles 
B)  Stomata in crypts 
C)  Succulence 
D)  Leaf hairs (trichomes) to diffract light 
E)  Abundant leaves 
A)  Thick cuticles 
B)  Stomata in crypts 
C)  Succulence 
D)  Leaf hairs (trichomes) to diffract light 
E)  Abundant leaves

Question 14

The presence of pneumatophores in plants is an adaptation for success in a _______ habitat.

Accepted Answer

A)  desert 
B)  mountain 
C)  grassland 
D)  seashore 
E)  swamp 
A)  desert 
B)  mountain 
C)  grassland 
D)  seashore 
E)  swamp

Question 15

Which of the following is not a special adaptation of leaves to dry environments?

Accepted Answer

A)  Modification into spines 
B)  Stomata in sunken cavities 
C)  Dense epidermal hairs 
D)  Fleshy leaves 
E)  Salt glands 
A)  Modification into spines 
B)  Stomata in sunken cavities 
C)  Dense epidermal hairs 
D)  Fleshy leaves 
E)  Salt glands

Question 16

Which statement about secondary metabolites is not true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They may be used in defense against fungi. 
B)  Some are poisonous to herbivores. 
C)  Some are amino acids that are normally part of proteins. 
D)  Water soluble molecules are stored in vacuoles. 
E)  Some mimic the hormones of animals. 
A)  They may be used in defense against fungi. 
B)  Some are poisonous to herbivores. 
C)  Some are amino acids that are normally part of proteins. 
D)  Water soluble molecules are stored in vacuoles. 
E)  Some mimic the hormones of animals.

Question 17

Which of the following elements is not a heavy metal?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cadmium 
B)  Chromium 
C)  Lead 
D)  Mercury 
E)  Sulfur 
A)  Cadmium 
B)  Chromium 
C)  Lead 
D)  Mercury 
E)  Sulfur

Question 18

Plants employ _______ genes that code for molecules called receptors.

Accepted Answer

A)  resistance 
B)  pathogen 
C)  bacterial 
D)  signal transduction 
E)  None of the above 
A)  resistance 
B)  pathogen 
C)  bacterial 
D)  signal transduction 
E)  None of the above

Question 19

Some plants adapted to swampy environments meet the oxygen needs of their roots by means of a specialized tissue called

Accepted Answer

A)  parenchyma. 
B)  aerenchyma. 
C)  collenchyma. 
D)  sclerenchyma. 
E)  chlorenchyma. 
A)  parenchyma. 
B)  aerenchyma. 
C)  collenchyma. 
D)  sclerenchyma. 
E)  chlorenchyma.

Question 20

Salicylic acid in plants does not

Accepted Answer

A)  increase resistance to pathogens. 
B)  trigger the production of pathogenesis-related proteins. 
C)  cause herbivorous insects to produce defective proteins. 
D)  protect against tobacco mosaic virus. 
E)  play a role in the defensive response. 
A)  increase resistance to pathogens. 
B)  trigger the production of pathogenesis-related proteins. 
C)  cause herbivorous insects to produce defective proteins. 
D)  protect against tobacco mosaic virus. 
E)  play a role in the defensive response.

Exam 39: Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Explain what is meant by coevolution of plants and herbivores. How can grazing increase the productivity of some plants?

In order for an R gene to confer resistance, an invader must have a corresponding

Laticifers are

A plant's immune response to RNA viruses involves

Which of the following is not a hypersensitive reaction of a plant to infection?

Use the following to answer questions : Refer to the diagram below, showing signaling between plants and pathogens. -What type of molecule is released by the receptor in the plasma membrane when the presence of a pathogen is detected?

The reason that certain plants can grow in soils con­taminated with high levels of heavy metals is that they

Many plants produce toxins that damage eukaryotic predators. Considering that the cell structure of both the predator and the plant is similar, why is the plant not affected by its own toxins?

Substances that are not used for basic cellular metabolism, but rather for special functions such as inhibiting other organisms, are called _______ metabolites.

The ability of grasses to grow from the base of the shoot and leaf is an adaptation to

Canavanine is toxic to many herbivores but not to plants. Which of the following statements regarding this differential toxicity is true?

In conditions in which soil water is plentiful but oxygen is scarce, plants respond by

Which of the following is not a characteristic of xerophytes? (Note that not all xerophytes have each of these characteristics.)

The presence of pneumatophores in plants is an adaptation for success in a _______ habitat.

Which of the following is not a special adaptation of leaves to dry environments?

Which statement about secondary metabolites is not true?

Which of the following elements is not a heavy metal?

Plants employ _______ genes that code for molecules called receptors.

Some plants adapted to swampy environments meet the oxygen needs of their roots by means of a specialized tissue called

Salicylic acid in plants does not

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling and Communication

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinent Dna and Biotechnology

Differential Gene Expression in Development

Development and Evolutionary Change

Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Species and Their Formation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Function

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen

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The reason that certain plants can grow in soils contaminated with high levels of heavy metals is that they