Question 1

Typically, when some leaves are removed from a plant,

Accepted Answer

A)  less light is available to the remaining leaves. 
B)  less nitrogen is obtained from the soil. 
C)  the plant dies. 
D)  the rate of photosynthesis in the remaining leaves increases. 
E)  the transport of sugar from the remaining leaves decreases. 
A)  less light is available to the remaining leaves. 
B)  less nitrogen is obtained from the soil. 
C)  the plant dies. 
D)  the rate of photosynthesis in the remaining leaves increases. 
E)  the transport of sugar from the remaining leaves decreases.

Question 2

Defensive strategies in plants that are always turned on are called

Accepted Answer

A)  induced. 
B)  heat shock proteins. 
C)  alternating. 
D)  constitutive. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  induced. 
B)  heat shock proteins. 
C)  alternating. 
D)  constitutive. 
E)  All of the above

Question 3

Phytoalexins are

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins. 
B)  synthesized in response to bacterial or fungal infection. 
C)  nucleotides. 
D)  siRNAs. 
E)  structurally related to aspirin. 
A)  proteins. 
B)  synthesized in response to bacterial or fungal infection. 
C)  nucleotides. 
D)  siRNAs. 
E)  structurally related to aspirin.

Question 4

Aluminum salts are very toxic to plants or animals. Yet some plants thrive on soils rich in aluminum (Al). How?

Accepted Answer

A)  They accumulate large amounts of Al and store it in the cytoplasm of leaf cells. 
B)  They accumulate large amounts of Al and sequester the Al in the vacuole. 
C)  They take up Al and excrete it from the leaves. 
D)  The roots cannot take up Al. 
E)  They excrete Al from roots. 
A)  They accumulate large amounts of Al and store it in the cytoplasm of leaf cells. 
B)  They accumulate large amounts of Al and sequester the Al in the vacuole. 
C)  They take up Al and excrete it from the leaves. 
D)  The roots cannot take up Al. 
E)  They excrete Al from roots.

Question 5

Use the following to answer questions :
Refer to the diagram below, showing signaling between plants and pathogens.  
-What is the role of the phytoalexins produced as part of the response to a pathogen?

Accepted Answer

Phytoalexins are tox

Question 6

Cold-hardening involves all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  production of antifreeze proteins. 
B)  increased production of saturated fatty acids. 
C)  production of phytoalexins. 
D)  production of heat shock proteins. 
E)  All of the above are involved in cold-hardening. 
A)  production of antifreeze proteins. 
B)  increased production of saturated fatty acids. 
C)  production of phytoalexins. 
D)  production of heat shock proteins. 
E)  All of the above are involved in cold-hardening.

Question 7

High temperatures trigger heat shock proteins such as

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleases. 
B)  kinases. 
C)  chaperonins. 
D)  antifreeze proteins. 
E)  proline. 
A)  nucleases. 
B)  kinases. 
C)  chaperonins. 
D)  antifreeze proteins. 
E)  proline.

Question 8

Phytoalexins

Accepted Answer

A)  are always present in plants. 
B)  occur in uniform concentration throughout a plant. 
C)  are toxic to many fungi and bacteria. 
D)  have no effect on viral infections. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  are always present in plants. 
B)  occur in uniform concentration throughout a plant. 
C)  are toxic to many fungi and bacteria. 
D)  have no effect on viral infections. 
E)  None of the above

Question 9

Globally, the toxic substance that most restricts plant growth is _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Globally, the toxic substance that most restricts...

Question 10

One way that grazing increases the productivity of a plant is by

Accepted Answer

A)  supporting food chains in nature. 
B)  reducing the rate of photosynthesis in remaining leaves. 
C)  increasing the number of sinks for absorbed nitrogen. 
D)  shading younger leaves. 
E)  causing the production of more replacement stems. 
A)  supporting food chains in nature. 
B)  reducing the rate of photosynthesis in remaining leaves. 
C)  increasing the number of sinks for absorbed nitrogen. 
D)  shading younger leaves. 
E)  causing the production of more replacement stems.

Question 11

Halophytes

Accepted Answer

A)  may accumulate abscisic acid in their vacuoles. 
B)  may have water potentials that are lower than those of other plants. 
C)  only accumulate sodium. 
D)  have low root-to-shoot ratios. 
E)  rarely accumulate sodium. 
A)  may accumulate abscisic acid in their vacuoles. 
B)  may have water potentials that are lower than those of other plants. 
C)  only accumulate sodium. 
D)  have low root-to-shoot ratios. 
E)  rarely accumulate sodium.

Question 12

If a nonhalophyte and a halophyte are both placed in a salty environment, the _______ will accumulate more sodium internally, because _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  halophyte; halophytes are adapted to saline environments 
B)  halophyte; it requires sodium as a nutrient 
C)  halophyte; as a succulent, it has more internal storage 
D)  nonhalophyte; it cannot excrete sodium after absorption 
E)  nonhalophyte; it requires sodium to create a negative water potential 
A)  halophyte; halophytes are adapted to saline environments 
B)  halophyte; it requires sodium as a nutrient 
C)  halophyte; as a succulent, it has more internal storage 
D)  nonhalophyte; it cannot excrete sodium after absorption 
E)  nonhalophyte; it requires sodium to create a negative water potential

Question 13

Swamp plants typically have root systems that

Accepted Answer

A)  grow quickly. 
B)  penetrate deeply into the soil. 
C)  can carry out alcoholic fermentation. 
D)  alternate periods of growth with periods of dieback. 
E)  accumulate the amino acid proline. 
A)  grow quickly. 
B)  penetrate deeply into the soil. 
C)  can carry out alcoholic fermentation. 
D)  alternate periods of growth with periods of dieback. 
E)  accumulate the amino acid proline.

Question 14

Defensive, water-soluble secondary compounds formed by plants are usually stored in the

Accepted Answer

A)  vacuoles. 
B)  nuclei. 
C)  cell walls. 
D)  cytoplasm. 
E)  membrane proteins. 
A)  vacuoles. 
B)  nuclei. 
C)  cell walls. 
D)  cytoplasm. 
E)  membrane proteins.

Question 15

_______ proteins accumulate in maturing seeds, and are essential in drought resistance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______ proteins accumulate in maturing seeds, and...

Question 16

Which of the following statements about plants that have been grazed is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Grasses are tolerant of grazing. 
B)  Grazed plants have more lateral than apical growth. 
C)  Grazing always decreases plant productivity. 
D)  Herbivores and plants have coevolved. 
E)  Grazing can increase photosynthetic rates. 
A)  Grasses are tolerant of grazing. 
B)  Grazed plants have more lateral than apical growth. 
C)  Grazing always decreases plant productivity. 
D)  Herbivores and plants have coevolved. 
E)  Grazing can increase photosynthetic rates.

Question 17

Which of the following compounds is not involved in plant defenses?

Accepted Answer

A)  Terpenes 
B)  Alkaloids 
C)  Gibberellins 
D)  Phenolics 
E)  Salicylic acid 
A)  Terpenes 
B)  Alkaloids 
C)  Gibberellins 
D)  Phenolics 
E)  Salicylic acid

Question 18

The fatty acid derivative jasmonate is a

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleic acid. 
B)  steroid. 
C)  hormone. 
D)  protease. 
E)  polypeptide. 
A)  nucleic acid. 
B)  steroid. 
C)  hormone. 
D)  protease. 
E)  polypeptide.

Question 19

A plant's first line of defense is its

Accepted Answer

A)  outer surface. 
B)  root system. 
C)  apical meristem. 
D)  lenticels. 
E)  vascular system. 
A)  outer surface. 
B)  root system. 
C)  apical meristem. 
D)  lenticels. 
E)  vascular system.

Question 20

Which of the following are "secondary products"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proteins 
B)  Lipids 
C)  Alkaloids 
D)  Carbohydrates 
E)  Nucleic acids 
A)  Proteins 
B)  Lipids 
C)  Alkaloids 
D)  Carbohydrates 
E)  Nucleic acids

Exam 39: Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Typically, when some leaves are removed from a plant,

Defensive strategies in plants that are always turned on are called

Phytoalexins are

Aluminum salts are very toxic to plants or animals. Yet some plants thrive on soils rich in aluminum (Al). How?

Use the following to answer questions : Refer to the diagram below, showing signaling between plants and pathogens. -What is the role of the phytoalexins produced as part of the response to a pathogen?

Cold-hardening involves all of the following except

High temperatures trigger heat shock proteins such as

Phytoalexins

Globally, the toxic substance that most restricts plant growth is _______.

One way that grazing increases the productivity of a plant is by

Halophytes

If a nonhalophyte and a halophyte are both placed in a salty environment, the _______ will accumulate more sodium internally, because _______.

Swamp plants typically have root systems that

Defensive, water-soluble secondary compounds formed by plants are usually stored in the

_______ proteins accumulate in maturing seeds, and are essential in drought resistance.

Which of the following statements about plants that have been grazed is false?

Which of the following compounds is not involved in plant defenses?

The fatty acid derivative jasmonate is a

A plant's first line of defense is its

Which of the following are "secondary products"?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling and Communication

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinent Dna and Biotechnology

Differential Gene Expression in Development

Development and Evolutionary Change

Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Species and Their Formation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Function

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen

Animal Behavior

Ecology and the Distribution of Life

Population Ecology

Species Interaction and Coevolution

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Conservation Biology

Filters

If a nonhalophyte and a halophyte are both placed in a salty environment, the _ will accumulate more sodium internally, because _.