Question 1

Some swamp plants have root extensions called _______ that grow into the air and deliver _______ to the rest of the root system.

Accepted Answer

pneumatoph

Question 2

Oxygen _______ in water-saturated soils. Thus, the roots of plants growing in water-logged soils become _______. This causes the roots to carry out _______ rather than _______, and drastically decreases the synthesis of ATP.

Accepted Answer

A)  is present in high amounts; aerobic; glycolysis; respiration 
B)  diffuses slowly; anaerobic; alcoholic fermentation; respiration 
C)  diffuses slowly; anaerobic; glycolysis; respiration 
D)  diffuses slowly; aerobic; alcoholic fermentation; the citric acid cycle 
E)  diffuses rapidly; anaerobic; glycolysis; the citric acid cycle 
A)  is present in high amounts; aerobic; glycolysis; respiration 
B)  diffuses slowly; anaerobic; alcoholic fermentation; respiration 
C)  diffuses slowly; anaerobic; glycolysis; respiration 
D)  diffuses slowly; aerobic; alcoholic fermentation; the citric acid cycle 
E)  diffuses rapidly; anaerobic; glycolysis; the citric acid cycle

Question 3

The major stress encountered by plants living in waterlogged soil is lack of _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The major stress encountered by plants living...

Question 4

Which evidence best supports the hypothesis that the presence of toxic latex in leaves deters insects from feeding on a plant?

Accepted Answer

A)  Many insects do not feed on latex-producing plants. 
B)  Latex-producing plants release a milky latex when their leaves are damaged. 
C)  Beetles that drain latex out of part of a leaf can then feed on that part. 
D)  Beetles that cut veins in the leaves can then feed on the released latex. 
E)  Latex-producing plants have high survival rates. 
A)  Many insects do not feed on latex-producing plants. 
B)  Latex-producing plants release a milky latex when their leaves are damaged. 
C)  Beetles that drain latex out of part of a leaf can then feed on that part. 
D)  Beetles that cut veins in the leaves can then feed on the released latex. 
E)  Latex-producing plants have high survival rates.

Question 5

The ability of plants to employ resistance genes to counter pathogen avirulence genes is called

Accepted Answer

A)  physical isolation. 
B)  a receptor mechanism. 
C)  gene-for-gene resistance. 
D)  a pathogen response. 
E)  signaling. 
A)  physical isolation. 
B)  a receptor mechanism. 
C)  gene-for-gene resistance. 
D)  a pathogen response. 
E)  signaling.

Question 6

Which of the following is the typical environment for an annual plant with a brief growing period and seeds capable of long dormant periods?

Accepted Answer

A)  Desert 
B)  Salt marsh 
C)  Freshwater marsh 
D)  Environment contaminated with heavy metals 
E)  Grazed field 
A)  Desert 
B)  Salt marsh 
C)  Freshwater marsh 
D)  Environment contaminated with heavy metals 
E)  Grazed field

Question 7

Plants acquire systemic resistance in much the same way that people acquire resistance to pathogens; however, the mechanism of systemic acquired resistance is quite different in plants. Which of the following does not have a role in acquired resistance in plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Salicylic acid 
B)  R genes 
C)  Methyl salicylate 
D)  PR proteins 
E)  All of the above have a role in acquired resistance in plants. 
A)  Salicylic acid 
B)  R genes 
C)  Methyl salicylate 
D)  PR proteins 
E)  All of the above have a role in acquired resistance in plants.

Question 8

Use the following to answer questions :
Refer to the diagram below, showing a signaling pathway for synthesis of a defensive secondary metabolite.  
-What role does the protease inhibitor play in this defensive system?

Accepted Answer

It stunts the growth of insect

Question 9

At a T-intersection in a small town, a local business plants several ornamental shrubs. During the winter, snowplows push snow from the intersection around the shrubs. In an attempt to save the shrubs, the business covers the shrubs with burlap. Will this save the shrubs? What conditions in the intersection are likely to cause the greatest damage to the shrubs?

Accepted Answer

The burlap will most likely do little fo

Question 10

The hypersensitive response involves the release of

Accepted Answer

A)  lignin. 
B)  PR proteins. 
C)  R genes. 
D)  phytoalexins. 
E)  secondary metabolites. 
A)  lignin. 
B)  PR proteins. 
C)  R genes. 
D)  phytoalexins. 
E)  secondary metabolites.

Question 11

Describe strategies used by plants to prevent herbivory.

Accepted Answer

Plants prevent herbivory by producing se

Question 12

Upon infection by a pathogen, plant cells increase synthesis of polysaccharides. The function of these polysaccharides is to

Accepted Answer

A)  destabilizes the cell walls. 
B)  synthesize antibodies to the pathogen. 
C)  isolate the pathogen in the invaded tissue. 
D)  break down the wax barrier. 
E)  communicate about the pathogen to the leaves. 
A)  destabilizes the cell walls. 
B)  synthesize antibodies to the pathogen. 
C)  isolate the pathogen in the invaded tissue. 
D)  break down the wax barrier. 
E)  communicate about the pathogen to the leaves.

Question 13

When cells accumulate the amino acid _______, their water potential becomes more negative.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When cells accumulate the amino acid _______,...

Question 14

Gene-for-gene resistance refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  a nonspecific response of the plant to a pathogen. 
B)  the ability of a plant to defend itself against a specific strain of a pathogen. 
C)  the presence of an allele in the plant that corresponds to that in the pathogen. 
D)  the interaction among R genes of the pathogen and Avr genes of the plant. 
E)  the interaction among R genes of the plant and Avr genes of the pathogen. 
A)  a nonspecific response of the plant to a pathogen. 
B)  the ability of a plant to defend itself against a specific strain of a pathogen. 
C)  the presence of an allele in the plant that corresponds to that in the pathogen. 
D)  the interaction among R genes of the pathogen and Avr genes of the plant. 
E)  the interaction among R genes of the plant and Avr genes of the pathogen.

Question 15

The compounds that plants make to ward off predators and infection

Accepted Answer

A)  may be accumulated only in response to infection. 
B)  are usually injurious to the plant. 
C)  are sequestered in chloroplasts. 
D)  are released only in response to herbivore damage. 
E)  do not include proteins. 
A)  may be accumulated only in response to infection. 
B)  are usually injurious to the plant. 
C)  are sequestered in chloroplasts. 
D)  are released only in response to herbivore damage. 
E)  do not include proteins.

Question 16

In defense against tissue damage caused by pathogens,

Accepted Answer

A)  animals repair damaged tissues and plants seal off damaged tissues. 
B)  animals seal off damaged tissues and plants repair damaged tissues. 
C)  both plants and animals sometimes seal off and sometimes repair damaged tissues. 
D)  both plants and animals repair damaged tissues. 
E)  both plants and animals seal off damaged tissues. 
A)  animals repair damaged tissues and plants seal off damaged tissues. 
B)  animals seal off damaged tissues and plants repair damaged tissues. 
C)  both plants and animals sometimes seal off and sometimes repair damaged tissues. 
D)  both plants and animals repair damaged tissues. 
E)  both plants and animals seal off damaged tissues.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about plants and heavy metals is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plants take up heavy metals. 
B)  Different populations of plants have the same capacity to tolerate heavy metals. 
C)  Tolerant populations of plants can evolve rapidly. 
D)  A plant's tolerance is determined by its genotype. 
E)  Plants in areas with heavy metals usually experience little competition. 
A)  Plants take up heavy metals. 
B)  Different populations of plants have the same capacity to tolerate heavy metals. 
C)  Tolerant populations of plants can evolve rapidly. 
D)  A plant's tolerance is determined by its genotype. 
E)  Plants in areas with heavy metals usually experience little competition.

Question 18

Which of the following is not involved in the response to drought stress?

Accepted Answer

A)  Abscisic acid 
B)  Closing of aquaporins 
C)  LEA gene expression 
D)  Closing of stomata 
E)  Jasmonate 
A)  Abscisic acid 
B)  Closing of aquaporins 
C)  LEA gene expression 
D)  Closing of stomata 
E)  Jasmonate

Question 19

Use the following to answer questions :
Refer to the diagram below, showing signaling between plants and pathogens.  
-What is the role of the increased synthesis of polysaccharides and their deposition on the inside of the cell wall?

Accepted Answer

To strengthen the cell wall so

Question 20

Pathogens employ _______ genes that code for molecules called elicitors.

Accepted Answer

A)  phytoalexin 
B)  hypersensitive-response 
C)  extensin 
D)  lignin 
E)  avirulence 
A)  phytoalexin 
B)  hypersensitive-response 
C)  extensin 
D)  lignin 
E)  avirulence

Exam 39: Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Some swamp plants have root extensions called _______ that grow into the air and deliver _______ to the rest of the root system.

Oxygen _______ in water-saturated soils. Thus, the roots of plants growing in water-logged soils become _______. This causes the roots to carry out _______ rather than _______, and drastically decreases the synthesis of ATP.

The major stress encountered by plants living in waterlogged soil is lack of _______.

Which evidence best supports the hypothesis that the presence of toxic latex in leaves deters insects from feeding on a plant?

The ability of plants to employ resistance genes to counter pathogen avirulence genes is called

Which of the following is the typical environment for an annual plant with a brief growing period and seeds capable of long dormant periods?

Plants acquire systemic resistance in much the same way that people acquire resistance to pathogens; however, the mechanism of systemic acquired resistance is quite different in plants. Which of the following does not have a role in acquired resistance in plants?

Use the following to answer questions : Refer to the diagram below, showing a signaling pathway for synthesis of a defensive secondary metabolite. -What role does the protease inhibitor play in this defensive system?

The hypersensitive response involves the release of

Describe strategies used by plants to prevent herbivory.

Upon infection by a pathogen, plant cells increase synthesis of polysaccharides. The function of these polysaccharides is to

When cells accumulate the amino acid _______, their water potential becomes more negative.

Gene-for-gene resistance refers to

The compounds that plants make to ward off predators and infection

In defense against tissue damage caused by pathogens,

Which of the following statements about plants and heavy metals is false?

Which of the following is not involved in the response to drought stress?

Use the following to answer questions : Refer to the diagram below, showing signaling between plants and pathogens. -What is the role of the increased synthesis of polysaccharides and their deposition on the inside of the cell wall?

Pathogens employ _______ genes that code for molecules called elicitors.

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling and Communication

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinent Dna and Biotechnology

Differential Gene Expression in Development

Development and Evolutionary Change

Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Species and Their Formation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Function

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen

Animal Behavior

Ecology and the Distribution of Life

Population Ecology

Species Interaction and Coevolution

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Conservation Biology

Filters

Some swamp plants have root extensions called _ that grow into the air and deliver _ to the rest of the root system.

Oxygen ___ in water-saturated soils. Thus, the roots of plants growing in water-logged soils become _. This causes the roots to carry out _ rather than ___, and drastically decreases the synthesis of ATP.