Question 1

Which of the following statements about AIDS is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The chances of getting the disease are increased if an individual already has a sexually transmitted disease. 
B)  AIDS stands for "autoimmune deficiency syndrome." 
C)  Most people who die from AIDS did not die because of HIV infection directly, but from other infections that would normally be eliminated by T cells. 
D)  HIV can be transmitted through the blood of an infected mother to her child. 
E)  All of the above are true; none is false. 
A)  The chances of getting the disease are increased if an individual already has a sexually transmitted disease. 
B)  AIDS stands for "autoimmune deficiency syndrome." 
C)  Most people who die from AIDS did not die because of HIV infection directly, but from other infections that would normally be eliminated by T cells. 
D)  HIV can be transmitted through the blood of an infected mother to her child. 
E)  All of the above are true; none is false.

Question 2

The simplest immunoglobulins have _______ polypeptide chain(s).

Accepted Answer

A)  one 
B)  two 
C)  three 
D)  four 
E)  None of the above 
A)  one 
B)  two 
C)  three 
D)  four 
E)  None of the above

Question 3

It has been discovered only recently that the plague of Athens (during the Peloponnesian War) was likely caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  smallpox. 
B)  the malicious spread of cowpox. 
C)  gangrene. 
D)  typhoid. 
E)  HIV. 
A)  smallpox. 
B)  the malicious spread of cowpox. 
C)  gangrene. 
D)  typhoid. 
E)  HIV.

Question 4

Typically slow to act and long lasting, _______ defenses are adaptive mechanisms.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Typically slow to act and long lasting,...

Question 5

In the human body, the most abundant antibody class is

Accepted Answer

A)  IgE. 
B)  IgM. 
C)  IgG. 
D)  cytokine. 
E)  monoclonal. 
A)  IgE. 
B)  IgM. 
C)  IgG. 
D)  cytokine. 
E)  monoclonal.

Question 6

Which of these is not an opportunistic infection often associated with AIDS?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kaposi's sarcoma 
B)  Pneumocystis pneumonia 
C)  Epstein-Barr virus 
D)  Newcastle syndrome 
E)  All of these infections are associated with AIDS. 
A)  Kaposi's sarcoma 
B)  Pneumocystis pneumonia 
C)  Epstein-Barr virus 
D)  Newcastle syndrome 
E)  All of these infections are associated with AIDS.

Question 7

Which of the following does not arise from a myeloid progenitor cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  Macrophage 
B)  T lymphocyte 
C)  Basophil 
D)  Mast cell 
E)  Red blood cell 
A)  Macrophage 
B)  T lymphocyte 
C)  Basophil 
D)  Mast cell 
E)  Red blood cell

Question 8

Unlike granular cells, the _______ (B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells) are derived from the _______ cell.

Accepted Answer

lymphocyte

Question 9

Draw a graph showing the concentrations of HIV and T cells at 2 weeks, 2 months, 2 years, and 10 years as a typical person infected with HIV develops AIDS.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Draw a graph showing the concentrations of...

Question 10

The fact that B cells and T cells are both clonally selected means that

Accepted Answer

A)  each individual can form many different antibodies, but only one type of T cell receptor. 
B)  there are five different types of immunoglobulin. 
C)  each B cell or T cell produces only one kind of antibody. 
D)  B cell lymphocytes change their antibody specificity to match a newly discovered antigen then undergo mitosis to form a clone of plasma cells. 
E)  antibodies and T cell receptors are made before exposure to antigen and specific T cells and B cells increase in number upon recognition of an epitope. 
A)  each individual can form many different antibodies, but only one type of T cell receptor. 
B)  there are five different types of immunoglobulin. 
C)  each B cell or T cell produces only one kind of antibody. 
D)  B cell lymphocytes change their antibody specificity to match a newly discovered antigen then undergo mitosis to form a clone of plasma cells. 
E)  antibodies and T cell receptors are made before exposure to antigen and specific T cells and B cells increase in number upon recognition of an epitope.

Question 11

Immature T cells migrate from the _______ to the _______, where they complete maturation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Immature T cells migrate from the _______...

Question 12

Which statement about an antigenic determinant is not true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a specific chemical grouping. 
B)  It may be part of many different molecules. 
C)  It is the part of an antigen to which an antibody binds. 
D)  It may be part of a cell. 
E)  A single protein has only one on its surface. 
A)  It is a specific chemical grouping. 
B)  It may be part of many different molecules. 
C)  It is the part of an antigen to which an antibody binds. 
D)  It may be part of a cell. 
E)  A single protein has only one on its surface.

Question 13

The primary immune response is _______ powerful and _______ lasting than the secondary immune response.

Accepted Answer

A)  more; longer 
B)  more; shorter 
C)  more; just as long- 
D)  less; shorter 
E)  less; longer 
A)  more; longer 
B)  more; shorter 
C)  more; just as long- 
D)  less; shorter 
E)  less; longer

Question 14

Terminal transferase

Accepted Answer

A)  plays a role in class switching. 
B)  often adds nucleotides to the ends of immunoglobin gene DNAs. 
C)  can be used to suppress the immune system during organ transplants. 
D)  is a component of the HAART treatment for AIDS. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  plays a role in class switching. 
B)  often adds nucleotides to the ends of immunoglobin gene DNAs. 
C)  can be used to suppress the immune system during organ transplants. 
D)  is a component of the HAART treatment for AIDS. 
E)  None of the above

Question 15

The mechanisms of joining and random deletion account for only a part of antibody diversity. Vast numbers of unique immunoglobulins are also produced by

Accepted Answer

A)  mutations. 
B)  translocations. 
C)  cell fusion. 
D)  cell surface proteins. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  mutations. 
B)  translocations. 
C)  cell fusion. 
D)  cell surface proteins. 
E)  All of the above

Question 16

Untreated HIV infection will lead to a decrease in CD4-expressing T cells. Which part of the immune response is affected by this lowering of CD4-expressing T cell concentration?

Accepted Answer

A)  The ability of B cells to produce memory B cells 
B)  The ability of macrophages to recognize specific antigenic determinants 
C)  The ability of cytotoxic T cells to kill target cells 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  Both a and c 
A)  The ability of B cells to produce memory B cells 
B)  The ability of macrophages to recognize specific antigenic determinants 
C)  The ability of cytotoxic T cells to kill target cells 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  Both a and c

Question 17

Virally infected cells often produce small amounts of antimicrobial proteins known as _______ that increase the resistance of neighboring cells to infection.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Virally infected cells often produce small amounts...

Question 18

The amino acid sequences of the _______ regions are different for each specific immunoglobulin.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The amino acid sequences of the _______...

Question 19

The process in which an antigen binds to a specific B cell and it begins to divide is called

Accepted Answer

A)  a nonspecific defense. 
B)  clonal selection. 
C)  normal flora. 
D)  meiosis. 
E)  a secondary immune response. 
A)  a nonspecific defense. 
B)  clonal selection. 
C)  normal flora. 
D)  meiosis. 
E)  a secondary immune response.

Question 20

The lymphocytes specific for particular antigenic determinants proliferate via the process known as _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The lymphocytes specific for particular antigenic determinants...

Exam 42: Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Which of the following statements about AIDS is false?

The simplest immunoglobulins have _______ polypeptide chain(s).

It has been discovered only recently that the plague of Athens (during the Peloponnesian War) was likely caused by

Typically slow to act and long lasting, _______ defenses are adaptive mechanisms.

In the human body, the most abundant antibody class is

Which of these is not an opportunistic infection often associated with AIDS?

Which of the following does not arise from a myeloid progenitor cell?

Unlike granular cells, the _______ (B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells) are derived from the _______ cell.

Draw a graph showing the concentrations of HIV and T cells at 2 weeks, 2 months, 2 years, and 10 years as a typical person infected with HIV develops AIDS.

The fact that B cells and T cells are both clonally selected means that

Immature T cells migrate from the _______ to the _______, where they complete maturation.

Which statement about an antigenic determinant is not true?

The primary immune response is _______ powerful and _______ lasting than the secondary immune response.

Terminal transferase

The mechanisms of joining and random deletion account for only a part of antibody diversity. Vast numbers of unique immunoglobulins are also produced by

Untreated HIV infection will lead to a decrease in CD4-expressing T cells. Which part of the immune response is affected by this lowering of CD4-expressing T cell concentration?

Virally infected cells often produce small amounts of antimicrobial proteins known as _______ that increase the resistance of neighboring cells to infection.

The amino acid sequences of the _______ regions are different for each specific immunoglobulin.

The process in which an antigen binds to a specific B cell and it begins to divide is called

The lymphocytes specific for particular antigenic determinants proliferate via the process known as _______.

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling and Communication

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinent Dna and Biotechnology

Differential Gene Expression in Development

Development and Evolutionary Change

Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Species and Their Formation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Function

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen

Animal Behavior

Ecology and the Distribution of Life

Population Ecology

Species Interaction and Coevolution

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Conservation Biology

Filters

Unlike granular cells, the _ (B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells) are derived from the _ cell.

Immature T cells migrate from the _ to the _, where they complete maturation.

The primary immune response is _ powerful and _ lasting than the secondary immune response.