Question 1

If the cytotoxic T cells were eliminated from a person's array of immune defenses, what kinds of disease would he or she be susceptible to?

Accepted Answer

Cytotoxic T cells target viral

Question 2

Cells that initially become infected by HIV are

Accepted Answer

A)  macrophages. 
B)  TH cells. 
C)  dendritic cells. 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  macrophages. 
B)  TH cells. 
C)  dendritic cells. 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above

Question 3

After surviving an infection during the plague of Athens (in the Peloponnesian War), Thucydides noted that he no longer feared the disease, "for the same man was never attacked twice." Unknowingly, he was referring to

Accepted Answer

A)  the fact that minute amounts of pathogen remain in the body indefinitely, preventing recolonization. 
B)  the role of interferons in preventing replication of microbes. 
C)  the earlier Roman idiom that "lightning never strikes twice," which credited Zeus with protecting the unlucky. 
D)  the presence of "memory cells" that are protective in case of later reexposure to the disease. 
E)  the tendency of microbes to deplete the resources they need from a given host, thus making recolonization unlikely. 
A)  the fact that minute amounts of pathogen remain in the body indefinitely, preventing recolonization. 
B)  the role of interferons in preventing replication of microbes. 
C)  the earlier Roman idiom that "lightning never strikes twice," which credited Zeus with protecting the unlucky. 
D)  the presence of "memory cells" that are protective in case of later reexposure to the disease. 
E)  the tendency of microbes to deplete the resources they need from a given host, thus making recolonization unlikely.

Question 4

Part of the normal immune response includes

Accepted Answer

A)  the production of B memory cells. 
B)  the production of memory macrophages. 
C)  antibody secretion by eosinophils. 
D)  the production of B cells that attack the individual's own cells. 
E)  the production of complement proteins as a specified immune response. 
A)  the production of B memory cells. 
B)  the production of memory macrophages. 
C)  antibody secretion by eosinophils. 
D)  the production of B cells that attack the individual's own cells. 
E)  the production of complement proteins as a specified immune response.

Question 5

Multiple sclerosis is a degenerative disease that is caused by the immune response attacking the myelin sheath that surrounds the nerves of the central nervous system. An immunologist would describe this as

Accepted Answer

A)  an acquired immunodeficiency. 
B)  an immediate hypersensitivity. 
C)  a genetic immunodeficiency. 
D)  an opportunistic infection. 
E)  an autoimmune disease. 
A)  an acquired immunodeficiency. 
B)  an immediate hypersensitivity. 
C)  a genetic immunodeficiency. 
D)  an opportunistic infection. 
E)  an autoimmune disease.

Question 6

Which of the following is not a nonspecific defense?

Accepted Answer

A)  Physical barriers 
B)  Competing resident microorganisms 
C)  Secretions 
D)  Humoral response 
E)  Inflammation response 
A)  Physical barriers 
B)  Competing resident microorganisms 
C)  Secretions 
D)  Humoral response 
E)  Inflammation response

Question 7

Which of the following is a nonspecific defense of the immune system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Macrophages 
B)  Natural killer cells 
C)  Complement proteins 
D)  Cilia on the mucous membranes 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Macrophages 
B)  Natural killer cells 
C)  Complement proteins 
D)  Cilia on the mucous membranes 
E)  All of the above

Question 8

A child is born with a genetic disorder that impairs her ability to produce lymphoid progenitor cells. With this diagnosis, which of the following symptoms would you most likely see?

Accepted Answer

A)  An over-active inflammatory response 
B)  The absence of an inflammatory response 
C)  An over-active specific immune response 
D)  An inability to release histamine 
E)  The absence of a specific immune response 
A)  An over-active inflammatory response 
B)  The absence of an inflammatory response 
C)  An over-active specific immune response 
D)  An inability to release histamine 
E)  The absence of a specific immune response

Question 9

You culture some B cells and find that they are expressing IgM , which reacts to sheep red blood cells. Later you test the media and find almost no IgM, but a lot of IgG. This IgG also reacts to sheep red blood cells. If you were to analyze the cells before and after the switch in antibody, you would see that the IgG producing B cells have a different _______ when compared to the IgM.

Accepted Answer

A)  light chain variable region 
B)  heavy chain variable region 
C)  MHC I 
D)  light chain constant region 
E)  heavy chain constant region 
A)  light chain variable region 
B)  heavy chain variable region 
C)  MHC I 
D)  light chain constant region 
E)  heavy chain constant region

Question 10

Perforin is a protein that is released by _______ in order to _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  helper T cells; stimulate B cells 
B)  cytotoxic T cells; kill target cells 
C)  B cells; bind to epitopes 
D)  plasma cells; kill target cells 
E)  B memory cells; switch from IgM to IgG 
A)  helper T cells; stimulate B cells 
B)  cytotoxic T cells; kill target cells 
C)  B cells; bind to epitopes 
D)  plasma cells; kill target cells 
E)  B memory cells; switch from IgM to IgG

Question 11

Which of the following play a role in the cellular immune response that is analogous to the role played by Class II MHC proteins in the humoral immune response?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cytotoxic T cells 
B)  Helper T cells 
C)  CD28 
D)  Memory cells 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Cytotoxic T cells 
B)  Helper T cells 
C)  CD28 
D)  Memory cells 
E)  None of the above

Question 12

The humoral response

Accepted Answer

A)  is the secretion of antibodies. 
B)  occurs when T cells bind antigen-presenting cells. 
C)  is due to T cells secreting their receptors. 
D)  occurs when natural killer cells engulf cancer cells. 
E)  is initiated with macrophages phagocytozing bacteria. 
A)  is the secretion of antibodies. 
B)  occurs when T cells bind antigen-presenting cells. 
C)  is due to T cells secreting their receptors. 
D)  occurs when natural killer cells engulf cancer cells. 
E)  is initiated with macrophages phagocytozing bacteria.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  HIV viral load rises steadily from the initial infection. 
B)  HIV causes death directly. 
C)  AIDS typically arises from HIV infection after a dormancy period of one month. 
D)  Opportunistic infections as a result of HIV infection are the usual cause of AIDS deaths. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  HIV viral load rises steadily from the initial infection. 
B)  HIV causes death directly. 
C)  AIDS typically arises from HIV infection after a dormancy period of one month. 
D)  Opportunistic infections as a result of HIV infection are the usual cause of AIDS deaths. 
E)  None of the above

Question 14

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plasma cells secrete cytokines. 
B)  Effector T cells secrete antibodies. 
C)  Memory B cells can persist in the body for several decades. 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Plasma cells secrete cytokines. 
B)  Effector T cells secrete antibodies. 
C)  Memory B cells can persist in the body for several decades. 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above

Question 15

Those bacteria and fungi that live on our body's surfaces but do not cause disease (and often perform essential roles in defense and other activities) are known collectively as _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Those bacteria and fungi that live on...

Question 16

Which of the following is not a key trait of the specific immunity response?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ability to respond specifically to a wide diversity of foreign molecules and organisms 
B)  Rapid response 
C)  Generally long-lasting immunological memory 
D)  The ability to recognize "self" from "nonself" 
E)  All of the above are key traits. 
A)  Ability to respond specifically to a wide diversity of foreign molecules and organisms 
B)  Rapid response 
C)  Generally long-lasting immunological memory 
D)  The ability to recognize "self" from "nonself" 
E)  All of the above are key traits.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about lymph is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is filtered in the lymph nodes. 
B)  White blood cells inspect it in lymph nodes for pathogens and other nonself elements. 
C)  It is derived in part from blood. 
D)  It contains soluble proteins. 
E)  All of the above are true; none is false. 
A)  It is filtered in the lymph nodes. 
B)  White blood cells inspect it in lymph nodes for pathogens and other nonself elements. 
C)  It is derived in part from blood. 
D)  It contains soluble proteins. 
E)  All of the above are true; none is false.

Question 18

Effector B cells, which are also known as _______ cells, secrete _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Effector B cells, which are also known...

Question 19

Which of the following could occur in delayed hypersensitivity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sneezing from ragweed exposure 
B)  Production of IgE by mast cells 
C)  Rash after exposure to poison oak 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Sneezing from ragweed exposure 
B)  Production of IgE by mast cells 
C)  Rash after exposure to poison oak 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above

Question 20

The cells targeted by HIV are

Accepted Answer

A)  neurons. 
B)  platelets. 
C)  erythrocytes. 
D)  mast cells. 
E)  T-helper cells. 
A)  neurons. 
B)  platelets. 
C)  erythrocytes. 
D)  mast cells. 
E)  T-helper cells.

Exam 42: Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

If the cytotoxic T cells were eliminated from a person's array of immune defenses, what kinds of disease would he or she be susceptible to?

Cells that initially become infected by HIV are

After surviving an infection during the plague of Athens (in the Peloponnesian War), Thucydides noted that he no longer feared the disease, "for the same man was never attacked twice." Unknowingly, he was referring to

Part of the normal immune response includes

Multiple sclerosis is a degenerative disease that is caused by the immune response attacking the myelin sheath that surrounds the nerves of the central nervous system. An immunologist would describe this as

Which of the following is not a nonspecific defense?

Which of the following is a nonspecific defense of the immune system?

A child is born with a genetic disorder that impairs her ability to produce lymphoid progenitor cells. With this diagnosis, which of the following symptoms would you most likely see?

Perforin is a protein that is released by _______ in order to _______.

Which of the following play a role in the cellular immune response that is analogous to the role played by Class II MHC proteins in the humoral immune response?

The humoral response

Which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following statements is true?

Those bacteria and fungi that live on our body's surfaces but do not cause disease (and often perform essential roles in defense and other activities) are known collectively as _______.

Which of the following is not a key trait of the specific immunity response?

Which of the following statements about lymph is false?

Effector B cells, which are also known as _______ cells, secrete _______.

Which of the following could occur in delayed hypersensitivity?

The cells targeted by HIV are

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