Question 1

Which of the following would result from the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase?

Accepted Answer

A)  Release of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic membrane would be inhibited. 
B)  Synthesis of neurotransmitter in cells would be inhibited. 
C)  Breakdown of neurotransmitter in the synapse would be inhibited. 
D)  Stimulation of the postsynaptic membrane would be inhibited. 
E)  Cholinergic receptors would be inhibited. 
A)  Release of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic membrane would be inhibited. 
B)  Synthesis of neurotransmitter in cells would be inhibited. 
C)  Breakdown of neurotransmitter in the synapse would be inhibited. 
D)  Stimulation of the postsynaptic membrane would be inhibited. 
E)  Cholinergic receptors would be inhibited.

Question 2

The blood-brain barrier protects the brain

Accepted Answer

A)  mostly during fetal development. 
B)  from toxic chemicals. 
C)  by maintaining a blood supply for the brain that is separate from the rest of the body. 
D)  through the action of microglial cells that reduce the permeability of small blood vessels. 
E)  Both b and d 
A)  mostly during fetal development. 
B)  from toxic chemicals. 
C)  by maintaining a blood supply for the brain that is separate from the rest of the body. 
D)  through the action of microglial cells that reduce the permeability of small blood vessels. 
E)  Both b and d

Question 3

When a neuron contacts another neuron, a muscle, or a gland, special junctions called _______ transmit the message carried by the incoming neuron.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When a neuron contacts another neuron, a...

Question 4

The area where two neurons come into close contact with each other and pass along information

Accepted Answer

A)  is nearly always in a ganglion. 
B)  differs with different types of neurons. 
C)  is called a synapse. 
D)  is at the node of Ranvier. 
E)  is located in the middle of the neurons. 
A)  is nearly always in a ganglion. 
B)  differs with different types of neurons. 
C)  is called a synapse. 
D)  is at the node of Ranvier. 
E)  is located in the middle of the neurons.

Question 5

Voltage is to the flow of electrically charged particles as

Accepted Answer

A)  pressure is to the flow of water. 
B)  width is to a pond. 
C)  altitude is to air particles. 
D)  primary structure is to an amino acid. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  pressure is to the flow of water. 
B)  width is to a pond. 
C)  altitude is to air particles. 
D)  primary structure is to an amino acid. 
E)  None of the above

Question 6

At the end of the rising phase of an action potential,

Accepted Answer

A)  a vast majority of the voltage-gated sodium channels begin to close. 
B)  the membrane potential shifts back toward the resting membrane potential. 
C)  the voltage-gated sodium channels enter a refractory period. 
D)  many more potassium channels begin to close. 
E)  a, b, and c 
A)  a vast majority of the voltage-gated sodium channels begin to close. 
B)  the membrane potential shifts back toward the resting membrane potential. 
C)  the voltage-gated sodium channels enter a refractory period. 
D)  many more potassium channels begin to close. 
E)  a, b, and c

Question 7

Glia are specialized to do all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  receive neural impulses. 
B)  insulate axons. 
C)  supply neurons with nutrients. 
D)  help maintain a proper ionic environment for the neuron. 
E)  guide neurons to make proper contacts during development. 
A)  receive neural impulses. 
B)  insulate axons. 
C)  supply neurons with nutrients. 
D)  help maintain a proper ionic environment for the neuron. 
E)  guide neurons to make proper contacts during development.

Question 8

Long-term potentiation

Accepted Answer

A)  was discovered by neurobiologists working with brain slice preparations. 
B)  involves an enhanced postsynaptic response. 
C)  results from repeated stimulation of a presynaptic cell. 
D)  involves activation of the NMDA receptor. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  was discovered by neurobiologists working with brain slice preparations. 
B)  involves an enhanced postsynaptic response. 
C)  results from repeated stimulation of a presynaptic cell. 
D)  involves activation of the NMDA receptor. 
E)  All of the above

Question 9

Which of the following is a likely mechanism for long-term potentiation?

Accepted Answer

A)  When glutamate binds to postsynaptic AMPA receptors, it activates intracellular changes. 
B)  When glutamate binds to NMDA receptors, it allows magnesium ions to enter the cell, which initiate intracellular changes. 
C)  When sufficient glutamate is released by the presynaptic neuron, it dislodges Mg2+ from the AMPA receptors and allows Ca2+ to leave the cell. 
D)  When sufficient glutamate is released, both AMPA and NMDA receptors are activated, and NMDA receptors allow Ca2+ as well as Na+ to enter the cell, thus initiating intracellular changes. 
E)  When both glutamate and ACh are released together, they create a long-lasting depolarization of the postsynaptic cell. 
A)  When glutamate binds to postsynaptic AMPA receptors, it activates intracellular changes. 
B)  When glutamate binds to NMDA receptors, it allows magnesium ions to enter the cell, which initiate intracellular changes. 
C)  When sufficient glutamate is released by the presynaptic neuron, it dislodges Mg2+ from the AMPA receptors and allows Ca2+ to leave the cell. 
D)  When sufficient glutamate is released, both AMPA and NMDA receptors are activated, and NMDA receptors allow Ca2+ as well as Na+ to enter the cell, thus initiating intracellular changes. 
E)  When both glutamate and ACh are released together, they create a long-lasting depolarization of the postsynaptic cell.

Question 10

Ionotropic receptors

Accepted Answer

A)  are ion channels. 
B)  are a type of metabotropic receptor. 
C)  are only found in mammals. 
D)  are G protein-linked receptors. 
E)  enable slow and long-lived postsynaptic cell responses. 
A)  are ion channels. 
B)  are a type of metabotropic receptor. 
C)  are only found in mammals. 
D)  are G protein-linked receptors. 
E)  enable slow and long-lived postsynaptic cell responses.

Question 11

If a brain tumor was pressing against your amygdala, causing it to be activated continuously, you would feel

Accepted Answer

A)  angry. 
B)  depressed. 
C)  very fearful. 
D)  happy and full of laughter. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  angry. 
B)  depressed. 
C)  very fearful. 
D)  happy and full of laughter. 
E)  None of the above

Question 12

Neurons generally transmit information via their

Accepted Answer

A)  cell bodies. 
B)  nerves. 
C)  dendrites. 
D)  glial cells. 
E)  axons. 
A)  cell bodies. 
B)  nerves. 
C)  dendrites. 
D)  glial cells. 
E)  axons.

Question 13

Synapses between neurons can be all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  excitatory. 
B)  inhibitory. 
C)  glial cells. 
D)  gap junctions. 
E)  chemical. 
A)  excitatory. 
B)  inhibitory. 
C)  glial cells. 
D)  gap junctions. 
E)  chemical.

Question 14

In vertebrates, the two most common inhibitory neurotransmitters are _______ and _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In vertebrates, the two most common inhibitory...

Question 15

When a membrane is at the resting potential, the concentration of

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium and potassium ions is higher on the inside of its membrane than on the outside. 
B)  sodium and potassium ions is higher on the outside of its membrane than on the inside. 
C)  sodium ions is higher on the inside of its membrane and of potassium ions is higher on the outside. 
D)  sodium ions is higher on the outside of its membrane and of potassium ions is higher on the inside. 
E)  sodium equals the concentration of potassium inside the cell. 
A)  sodium and potassium ions is higher on the inside of its membrane than on the outside. 
B)  sodium and potassium ions is higher on the outside of its membrane than on the inside. 
C)  sodium ions is higher on the inside of its membrane and of potassium ions is higher on the outside. 
D)  sodium ions is higher on the outside of its membrane and of potassium ions is higher on the inside. 
E)  sodium equals the concentration of potassium inside the cell.

Question 16

The value of the potassium equilibrium potential can be calculated using the _______ equation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The value of the potassium equilibrium potential...

Question 17

In myelinated axons of vertebrate neurons, breaks in the insulation occur at points called the _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In myelinated axons of vertebrate neurons, breaks...

Question 18

Synaptic clefts can be cleansed of neurotransmitters by means of

Accepted Answer

A)  enzymatic degradation. 
B)  simple diffusion. 
C)  active transport. 
D)  Both a and c 
E)  All of the above 
A)  enzymatic degradation. 
B)  simple diffusion. 
C)  active transport. 
D)  Both a and c 
E)  All of the above

Question 19

Nervous systems are composed of two types of cells, neurons and

Accepted Answer

A)  effectors. 
B)  axons. 
C)  glia. 
D)  ganglia. 
E)  synapses. 
A)  effectors. 
B)  axons. 
C)  glia. 
D)  ganglia. 
E)  synapses.

Question 20

Neurons communicate with each other at electrical synapses by means of

Accepted Answer

A)  a myelin sheath. 
B)  ionotropic receptors. 
C)  metabotropic receptors. 
D)  gap junctions. 
E)  tight junctions. 
A)  a myelin sheath. 
B)  ionotropic receptors. 
C)  metabotropic receptors. 
D)  gap junctions. 
E)  tight junctions.

Exam 45: Neurons and Nervous Systems

Which of the following would result from the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase?

The blood-brain barrier protects the brain

When a neuron contacts another neuron, a muscle, or a gland, special junctions called _______ transmit the message carried by the incoming neuron.

The area where two neurons come into close contact with each other and pass along information

Voltage is to the flow of electrically charged particles as

At the end of the rising phase of an action potential,

Glia are specialized to do all of the following except

Long-term potentiation

Which of the following is a likely mechanism for long-term potentiation?

Ionotropic receptors

If a brain tumor was pressing against your amygdala, causing it to be activated continuously, you would feel

Neurons generally transmit information via their

Synapses between neurons can be all of the following except

In vertebrates, the two most common inhibitory neurotransmitters are _______ and _______.

When a membrane is at the resting potential, the concentration of

The value of the potassium equilibrium potential can be calculated using the _______ equation.

In myelinated axons of vertebrate neurons, breaks in the insulation occur at points called the _______.

Synaptic clefts can be cleansed of neurotransmitters by means of

Nervous systems are composed of two types of cells, neurons and

Neurons communicate with each other at electrical synapses by means of

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