Question 1

Which of the following neurotransmitters is a peptide?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acetylcholine 
B)  Norepinephrine 
C)  Serotonin 
D)  Glycine 
E)  Endorphin 
A)  Acetylcholine 
B)  Norepinephrine 
C)  Serotonin 
D)  Glycine 
E)  Endorphin

Question 2

In order for neuronal responses to be turned off, synapses must be cleared of _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In order for neuronal responses to be...

Question 3

Voltage is to the flow of electrically charged particles as _______ is to the flow of water.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Voltage is to the flow of electrically...

Question 4

When an action potential arrives at the axon terminal, the voltage-gated calcium channels at the terminal

Accepted Answer

A)  release calcium into the synaptic cleft. 
B)  actively transport neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. 
C)  open; the influx of calcium causes the vesicles to fuse with the presynaptic membrane and release a neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. 
D)  depolarize the membrane at the axon terminal. 
E)  cause the membrane receptors to bind the neurotransmitter. 
A)  release calcium into the synaptic cleft. 
B)  actively transport neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. 
C)  open; the influx of calcium causes the vesicles to fuse with the presynaptic membrane and release a neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. 
D)  depolarize the membrane at the axon terminal. 
E)  cause the membrane receptors to bind the neurotransmitter.

Question 5

Which of the following occurs when a stimulus depolarizes a neuron's membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  Na+ diffuses out of the cell. 
B)  The action potential approaches zero. 
C)  The membrane potential changes from the resting potential to a voltage closer to the threshold potential. 
D)  It stops the action potential from spreading to the next dendrite. 
E)  The inside of the cell becomes more negative in charge relative to the outside of the cell. 
A)  Na+ diffuses out of the cell. 
B)  The action potential approaches zero. 
C)  The membrane potential changes from the resting potential to a voltage closer to the threshold potential. 
D)  It stops the action potential from spreading to the next dendrite. 
E)  The inside of the cell becomes more negative in charge relative to the outside of the cell.

Question 6

The refractory period of a neuron

Accepted Answer

A)  is the period when the sodium-potassium pump is nonfunctional. 
B)  results from activation of voltage-gated chloride channels. 
C)  results from closing of inactivated voltage-gated sodium channels. 
D)  occurs when the action potential reaches the synapse. 
E)  lasts about a minute. 
A)  is the period when the sodium-potassium pump is nonfunctional. 
B)  results from activation of voltage-gated chloride channels. 
C)  results from closing of inactivated voltage-gated sodium channels. 
D)  occurs when the action potential reaches the synapse. 
E)  lasts about a minute.

Question 7

Following an action potential, a neuron has a _______ during which it cannot be stimulated.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Following an action potential, a neuron has...

Question 8

The frequency at which a single neuron can "fire" action potentials is limited by the

Accepted Answer

A)  number of synapses that the neuron forms. 
B)  number of other cells that the neuron contacts. 
C)  refractory period for the neuron's Na+ channel. 
D)  length of the axon of the neuron. 
E)  number of dendrites on the neuron. 
A)  number of synapses that the neuron forms. 
B)  number of other cells that the neuron contacts. 
C)  refractory period for the neuron's Na+ channel. 
D)  length of the axon of the neuron. 
E)  number of dendrites on the neuron.

Question 9

Why do certain substances, such as anesthetics and alcohol, have rapid effects on the brain, whereas others cannot reach the brain?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes are glia that help form the b

Question 10

When you read this question and your nervous system sends the information from your eyes to your brain, the information is carried by

Accepted Answer

A)  afferent neurons. 
B)  efferent neurons. 
C)  nodes. 
D)  glial cells. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  afferent neurons. 
B)  efferent neurons. 
C)  nodes. 
D)  glial cells. 
E)  None of the above

Question 11

In order to determine the role of the potassium channels in a neuron, a researcher has knocked out all the functional potassium channels and depolarized the membrane potential. What will happen to the mem­brane potential after depolarization?

Accepted Answer

The potassium voltage-gated channels are

Question 12

Many parts of the nervous system are glistening white in appearance because

Accepted Answer

A)  of the actions of astrocytes. 
B)  they are coated in a matrix similar to that of bone. 
C)  they are coated with myelin. 
D)  they co-occur with fatty adipose tissue. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  of the actions of astrocytes. 
B)  they are coated in a matrix similar to that of bone. 
C)  they are coated with myelin. 
D)  they co-occur with fatty adipose tissue. 
E)  None of the above

Question 13

The substance that wraps the axon of many neurons and provides for increased conduction speed is

Accepted Answer

A)  dendrase. 
B)  histamine. 
C)  acetylcholine. 
D)  myelin. 
E)  microglia. 
A)  dendrase. 
B)  histamine. 
C)  acetylcholine. 
D)  myelin. 
E)  microglia.

Question 14

A particular disease of the nervous system specifically involves the Ca2+ channels at the chemical synapses of motor neurons where neurotransmitter is stored and released. In other words, this disease affects the

Accepted Answer

A)  axon terminals of the presynaptic cell and the release of acetylcholine. 
B)  axon terminals of the postsynaptic cell and the release of K+. 
C)  movement of Na+ out of the postsynaptic cell. 
D)  axon terminals of the presynaptic cell and the release of K+. 
E)  axon terminals of the postsynaptic cell and the release of Cl-. 
A)  axon terminals of the presynaptic cell and the release of acetylcholine. 
B)  axon terminals of the postsynaptic cell and the release of K+. 
C)  movement of Na+ out of the postsynaptic cell. 
D)  axon terminals of the presynaptic cell and the release of K+. 
E)  axon terminals of the postsynaptic cell and the release of Cl-.

Question 15

Most synapses

Accepted Answer

A)  in vertebrates are chemical synapses. 
B)  cover a space about 25 nanometers wide. 
C)  are crossed by neurotransmitters. 
D)  are about 1/2000th the width of a human hair. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  in vertebrates are chemical synapses. 
B)  cover a space about 25 nanometers wide. 
C)  are crossed by neurotransmitters. 
D)  are about 1/2000th the width of a human hair. 
E)  All of the above

Question 16

Which of the following describes the resting potential of the neuronal cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  The inside is 60 millivolts more positive than the outside. 
B)  The outside is 60 millivolts more positive than the inside. 
C)  The inside is 30 millivolts more positive than the outside. 
D)  The outside is 30 millivolts more positive than the inside. 
E)  The inside has about the same charge as the outside. 
A)  The inside is 60 millivolts more positive than the outside. 
B)  The outside is 60 millivolts more positive than the inside. 
C)  The inside is 30 millivolts more positive than the outside. 
D)  The outside is 30 millivolts more positive than the inside. 
E)  The inside has about the same charge as the outside.

Question 17

Which of the following ions is most responsible for generating an action potential?

Accepted Answer

A)  Na+ 
B)  K+ 
C)  Cl- 
D)  H+ 
E)  OH- 
A)  Na+ 
B)  K+ 
C)  Cl- 
D)  H+ 
E)  OH-

Question 18

Which of the following is not one of the functions of glial cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Supporting neurons during embryonic development 
B)  Supplying nutrients 
C)  Conducting nerve impulses 
D)  Consuming foreign particles 
E)  Insulating nerve tissue 
A)  Supporting neurons during embryonic development 
B)  Supplying nutrients 
C)  Conducting nerve impulses 
D)  Consuming foreign particles 
E)  Insulating nerve tissue

Question 19

Nerves _______ have the most rapid action potentials.

Accepted Answer

A)  with the thinnest axon diameters 
B)  with myelin sheaths 
C)  of invertebrate animals 
D)  with the greatest membrane potential 
E)  with the most ion channels 
A)  with the thinnest axon diameters 
B)  with myelin sheaths 
C)  of invertebrate animals 
D)  with the greatest membrane potential 
E)  with the most ion channels

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the process of summation in a neuron is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Slight perturbations of the membrane potential spread across the postsynaptic cell body. 
B)  Axons that terminate closer to the axon hillock have more influence on the summation process than those that do not. 
C)  It is essentially a comparison of all the excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic inputs. 
D)  The concentration of voltage-gated sodium channels is highest in the dendrites of the postsynaptic cell. 
E)  Spatial summation adds up the simultaneous influences of synapses at different locations on the postsynaptic cell. 
A)  Slight perturbations of the membrane potential spread across the postsynaptic cell body. 
B)  Axons that terminate closer to the axon hillock have more influence on the summation process than those that do not. 
C)  It is essentially a comparison of all the excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic inputs. 
D)  The concentration of voltage-gated sodium channels is highest in the dendrites of the postsynaptic cell. 
E)  Spatial summation adds up the simultaneous influences of synapses at different locations on the postsynaptic cell.

Exam 45: Neurons and Nervous Systems

Which of the following neurotransmitters is a peptide?

In order for neuronal responses to be turned off, synapses must be cleared of _______.

Voltage is to the flow of electrically charged particles as _______ is to the flow of water.

When an action potential arrives at the axon terminal, the voltage-gated calcium channels at the terminal

Which of the following occurs when a stimulus depolarizes a neuron's membrane?

The refractory period of a neuron

Following an action potential, a neuron has a _______ during which it cannot be stimulated.

The frequency at which a single neuron can "fire" action potentials is limited by the

Why do certain substances, such as anesthetics and alcohol, have rapid effects on the brain, whereas others cannot reach the brain?

When you read this question and your nervous system sends the information from your eyes to your brain, the information is carried by

In order to determine the role of the potassium channels in a neuron, a researcher has knocked out all the functional potassium channels and depolarized the membrane potential. What will happen to the mem­brane potential after depolarization?

Many parts of the nervous system are glistening white in appearance because

The substance that wraps the axon of many neurons and provides for increased conduction speed is

A particular disease of the nervous system specifically involves the Ca2+ channels at the chemical synapses of motor neurons where neurotransmitter is stored and released. In other words, this disease affects the

Most synapses

Which of the following describes the resting potential of the neuronal cell membrane?

Which of the following ions is most responsible for generating an action potential?

Which of the following is not one of the functions of glial cells?

Nerves _______ have the most rapid action potentials.

Which of the following statements about the process of summation in a neuron is false?

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In order to determine the role of the potassium channels in a neuron, a researcher has knocked out all the functional potassium channels and depolarized the membrane potential. What will happen to the membrane potential after depolarization?

A particular disease of the nervous system specifically involves the Ca²⁺ channels at the chemical synapses of motor neurons where neurotransmitter is stored and released. In other words, this disease affects the