Question 1

Which of the following statements about neurotransmitters is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gases, such as nitric oxide, can act as neurotransmitters. 
B)  Each neurotransmitter has a single type of receptor. 
C)  Amino acids and their derivatives, monoamines, function as neurotransmitters. 
D)  Neurotransmitters have different effects in different tissues. 
E)  Some neurotransmitters are cleared from synapses by enzymes that destroy them. 
A)  Gases, such as nitric oxide, can act as neurotransmitters. 
B)  Each neurotransmitter has a single type of receptor. 
C)  Amino acids and their derivatives, monoamines, function as neurotransmitters. 
D)  Neurotransmitters have different effects in different tissues. 
E)  Some neurotransmitters are cleared from synapses by enzymes that destroy them.

Question 2

The sodium-potassium pump is a(n) _______ membrane protein.

Accepted Answer

A)  uniport 
B)  antiport 
C)  symport 
D)  biport 
E)  ionoport 
A)  uniport 
B)  antiport 
C)  symport 
D)  biport 
E)  ionoport

Question 3

Neurotransmitters that depolarize the postsynaptic membrane bring about a(n) _______ postsynaptic potential.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Neurotransmitters that depolarize the postsynaptic membrane bring...

Question 4

Following depolarization, the neural membrane potential is restored in some neurons when

Accepted Answer

A)  Na+ ions rush outward through the membrane. 
B)  K+ ions rush outward through the membrane. 
C)  Cl- ions rush inward through the membrane. 
D)  a pump moves ions to their original concentrations. 
E)  the membrane becomes freely permeable to many ions. 
A)  Na+ ions rush outward through the membrane. 
B)  K+ ions rush outward through the membrane. 
C)  Cl- ions rush inward through the membrane. 
D)  a pump moves ions to their original concentrations. 
E)  the membrane becomes freely permeable to many ions.

Question 5

Which of the following behaviors might result from an injury to the amygdala?

Accepted Answer

A)  Walking in the middle of a busy highway 
B)  Perceiving the color red as blue 
C)  Misinterpreting the sound of a siren as music 
D)  Mistaking a person for a hat 
E)  Sleeping incessantly 
A)  Walking in the middle of a busy highway 
B)  Perceiving the color red as blue 
C)  Misinterpreting the sound of a siren as music 
D)  Mistaking a person for a hat 
E)  Sleeping incessantly

Question 6

Neurons

Accepted Answer

A)  have a uniform shape throughout the nervous system. 
B)  are more numerous than glial cells in the nervous system. 
C)  are found in mammals and birds only. 
D)  communicate with other cells at synapses. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  have a uniform shape throughout the nervous system. 
B)  are more numerous than glial cells in the nervous system. 
C)  are found in mammals and birds only. 
D)  communicate with other cells at synapses. 
E)  All of the above

Question 7

Action potentials are also called

Accepted Answer

A)  potential energy. 
B)  resting potentials. 
C)  nerve impulses. 
D)  neural potentials. 
E)  leak currents. 
A)  potential energy. 
B)  resting potentials. 
C)  nerve impulses. 
D)  neural potentials. 
E)  leak currents.

Question 8

Sodium-potassium ATPase is also known as the _______.

Accepted Answer

sodium-pot

Question 9

The brain center called the amygdala is responsible for

Accepted Answer

A)  coordinating information between both hemispheres of the brain. 
B)  the emotion and memory of fear. 
C)  night vision. 
D)  interpretation of music. 
E)  long-term memory 
A)  coordinating information between both hemispheres of the brain. 
B)  the emotion and memory of fear. 
C)  night vision. 
D)  interpretation of music. 
E)  long-term memory

Question 10

Narcotic drugs such as opium activate _______ receptors.

Accepted Answer

A)  GABA 
B)  endorphin 
C)  enkephalin 
D)  Both b and c 
E)  All of the above 
A)  GABA 
B)  endorphin 
C)  enkephalin 
D)  Both b and c 
E)  All of the above

Question 11

Which of the following is involved in the sequence of events that triggers synaptic transmission?

Accepted Answer

A)  The action potential 
B)  The opening of Ca2+ channels at the synaptic terminal 
C)  The entry of Ca2+ into the presynaptic terminal 
D)  Fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane 
E)  All of the above 
A)  The action potential 
B)  The opening of Ca2+ channels at the synaptic terminal 
C)  The entry of Ca2+ into the presynaptic terminal 
D)  Fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane 
E)  All of the above

Question 12

The most critical area in a neuron for "decision making" is the

Accepted Answer

A)  axon hillock. 
B)  presynaptic terminal. 
C)  postsynaptic terminal. 
D)  cell body. 
E)  synapse. 
A)  axon hillock. 
B)  presynaptic terminal. 
C)  postsynaptic terminal. 
D)  cell body. 
E)  synapse.

Question 13

Anesthetics and alcohol can permeate the blood-brain barrier because

Accepted Answer

A)  they are small molecules. 
B)  they are water-soluble. 
C)  they are fat-soluble. 
D)  they pass through gated channels. 
E)  there are receptors for them on blood vessels. 
A)  they are small molecules. 
B)  they are water-soluble. 
C)  they are fat-soluble. 
D)  they pass through gated channels. 
E)  there are receptors for them on blood vessels.

Question 14

Which equation is used to calculate membrane potential when only one type of ion can cross a membrane that separates solutions with different concentrations of that ion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nernst 
B)  Avogadro's 
C)  Poisson distribution 
D)  Goldman 
E)  Fokker-Planck 
A)  Nernst 
B)  Avogadro's 
C)  Poisson distribution 
D)  Goldman 
E)  Fokker-Planck

Question 15

Which statement accurately describes an action potential?

Accepted Answer

A)  Its magnitude increases along the axon. 
B)  Its magnitude decreases along the axon. 
C)  All action potentials in a single neuron are of the same magnitude. 
D)  During an action potential, the membrane potential of a neuron remains constant. 
E)  An action potential permanently shifts a neuron's membrane potential away from its resting value. 
A)  Its magnitude increases along the axon. 
B)  Its magnitude decreases along the axon. 
C)  All action potentials in a single neuron are of the same magnitude. 
D)  During an action potential, the membrane potential of a neuron remains constant. 
E)  An action potential permanently shifts a neuron's membrane potential away from its resting value.

Question 16

The rapid depolarization of a neuron during the first half of an action potential is due to the

Accepted Answer

A)  exit of K+ ions from the cell through gated potassium channels. 
B)  rapid reversal of ion concentration caused by the action of the sodium-potassium pump. 
C)  entry of Na+ ions into the cell through gated sodium channels. 
D)  movement of both Na+ and K+ ions through appropriate open channels. 
E)  closing of sodium channels. 
A)  exit of K+ ions from the cell through gated potassium channels. 
B)  rapid reversal of ion concentration caused by the action of the sodium-potassium pump. 
C)  entry of Na+ ions into the cell through gated sodium channels. 
D)  movement of both Na+ and K+ ions through appropriate open channels. 
E)  closing of sodium channels.

Question 17

The resting membrane potential is created by

Accepted Answer

A)  proton pumps. 
B)  osmosis. 
C)  ion pumps. 
D)  calcium. 
E)  amino acids. 
A)  proton pumps. 
B)  osmosis. 
C)  ion pumps. 
D)  calcium. 
E)  amino acids.

Question 18

Morphine is an agonist at the endorphin receptors; a patient medicated with morphine will have

Accepted Answer

A)  less panic attacks. 
B)  less jerky movements (motor problems). 
C)  no pain. 
D)  less depression. 
E)  no anxiety. 
A)  less panic attacks. 
B)  less jerky movements (motor problems). 
C)  no pain. 
D)  less depression. 
E)  no anxiety.

Question 19

Cells of the nervous system that process and transmit information are called

Accepted Answer

A)  neurons. 
B)  nerves. 
C)  hormones. 
D)  glial cells. 
E)  axons. 
A)  neurons. 
B)  nerves. 
C)  hormones. 
D)  glial cells. 
E)  axons.

Question 20

Hodgkin and Huxley's studies of the electrical properties of axonal membranes were performed on the very large neurons of

Accepted Answer

A)  the African elephant. 
B)  the blue whale. 
C)  redwood trees. 
D)  squids. 
E)  the short-tailed shrew. 
A)  the African elephant. 
B)  the blue whale. 
C)  redwood trees. 
D)  squids. 
E)  the short-tailed shrew.

Exam 45: Neurons and Nervous Systems

Which of the following statements about neurotransmitters is false?

The sodium-potassium pump is a(n) _______ membrane protein.

Neurotransmitters that depolarize the postsynaptic membrane bring about a(n) _______ postsynaptic potential.

Following depolarization, the neural membrane potential is restored in some neurons when

Which of the following behaviors might result from an injury to the amygdala?

Neurons

Action potentials are also called

Sodium-potassium ATPase is also known as the _______.

The brain center called the amygdala is responsible for

Narcotic drugs such as opium activate _______ receptors.

Which of the following is involved in the sequence of events that triggers synaptic transmission?

The most critical area in a neuron for "decision making" is the

Anesthetics and alcohol can permeate the blood-brain barrier because

Which equation is used to calculate membrane potential when only one type of ion can cross a membrane that separates solutions with different concentrations of that ion?

Which statement accurately describes an action potential?

The rapid depolarization of a neuron during the first half of an action potential is due to the

The resting membrane potential is created by

Morphine is an agonist at the endorphin receptors; a patient medicated with morphine will have

Cells of the nervous system that process and transmit information are called

Hodgkin and Huxley's studies of the electrical properties of axonal membranes were performed on the very large neurons of

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