Question 1

Which part of the blood is most efficient at carrying oxygen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood plasma solution 
B)  Blood plasma proteins 
C)  Blood platelets 
D)  Membrane molecules of red blood cells 
E)  Hemoglobin molecules of red blood cells 
A)  Blood plasma solution 
B)  Blood plasma proteins 
C)  Blood platelets 
D)  Membrane molecules of red blood cells 
E)  Hemoglobin molecules of red blood cells

Question 2

In addition to possessing lungs, birds have _______ at several locations in their bodies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In addition to possessing lungs, birds have...

Question 3

The lungs expand in inhalation because

Accepted Answer

A)  the diaphragm contracts upward. 
B)  the shoulder girdle moves upward. 
C)  the volume of the thoracic cavity increases. 
D)  lung tissue actively stretches. 
E)  the lung tissue rebounds from exhalation. 
A)  the diaphragm contracts upward. 
B)  the shoulder girdle moves upward. 
C)  the volume of the thoracic cavity increases. 
D)  lung tissue actively stretches. 
E)  the lung tissue rebounds from exhalation.

Question 4

The breathing tubes of insects are called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The breathing tubes of insects are called...

Question 5

Which of the following is not an expected response from a fish to a drop in water temperature?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increase in metabolism 
B)  Increase in amount of O2 available 
C)  Decrease in blood flow 
D)  Decrease in O2 consumption 
E)  All of the above are expected responses. 
A)  Increase in metabolism 
B)  Increase in amount of O2 available 
C)  Decrease in blood flow 
D)  Decrease in O2 consumption 
E)  All of the above are expected responses.

Question 6

What is the difference between the myoglobin O2-binding curve and the hemoglobin O2-binding curve?

Accepted Answer

The O₂-binding curve of myoglob

Question 7

Which of the following is not an adverse consequence of tidal breathing as seen in mammals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Absence of countercurrent gas exchange 
B)  Dead space 
C)  Residual volume 
D)  Short diffusion path length 
E)  Limit in the O2 concentration gradient between air and blood 
A)  Absence of countercurrent gas exchange 
B)  Dead space 
C)  Residual volume 
D)  Short diffusion path length 
E)  Limit in the O2 concentration gradient between air and blood

Question 8

The rate at which a gas diffuses between two locations is _______ the distance between those locations.

Accepted Answer

A)  unrelated to 
B)  positively related to 
C)  the square root of 
D)  negatively related to 
E)  None of the above 
A)  unrelated to 
B)  positively related to 
C)  the square root of 
D)  negatively related to 
E)  None of the above

Question 9

The alveoli of the lungs do not contain air with 20.9% oxygen because

Accepted Answer

A)  we normally do not ventilate our lungs at a high enough rate. 
B)  the lungs have too many alveoli to ventilate. 
C)  there is dead space in the trachea and bronchi. 
D)  the trachea and bronchi are too small in volume 
E)  some O2 has been exchanged before reaching the alveoli. 
A)  we normally do not ventilate our lungs at a high enough rate. 
B)  the lungs have too many alveoli to ventilate. 
C)  there is dead space in the trachea and bronchi. 
D)  the trachea and bronchi are too small in volume 
E)  some O2 has been exchanged before reaching the alveoli.

Question 10

In acidic tissues, hemoglobin releases _______ it does in less acidic environments.

Accepted Answer

A)  more O2 than 
B)  less O2 than 
C)  more CO2 than 
D)  less CO2 than 
E)  the same amount of O2 and CO2 as 
A)  more O2 than 
B)  less O2 than 
C)  more CO2 than 
D)  less CO2 than 
E)  the same amount of O2 and CO2 as

Question 11

Which of the following statements about respiratory adaptations is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Internalization of respiratory surfaces leads to the need for ventilation. 
B)  External gills are found only in invertebrates. 
C)  Some fishes ventilate their gills by swimming constantly with their mouths open. 
D)  In fish, water flows unidirectionally into the mouth, over the gills, and out from under the opercular flaps. 
E)  Desiccation of the respiratory surface is more likely to occur in lungs than in gills. 
A)  Internalization of respiratory surfaces leads to the need for ventilation. 
B)  External gills are found only in invertebrates. 
C)  Some fishes ventilate their gills by swimming constantly with their mouths open. 
D)  In fish, water flows unidirectionally into the mouth, over the gills, and out from under the opercular flaps. 
E)  Desiccation of the respiratory surface is more likely to occur in lungs than in gills.

Question 12

The primary respiratory gas(es) is(are)

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrogen. 
B)  nitrogen and carbon dioxide. 
C)  oxygen and nitrogen. 
D)  nitrogen and hydrogen. 
E)  oxygen and carbon dioxide. 
A)  nitrogen. 
B)  nitrogen and carbon dioxide. 
C)  oxygen and nitrogen. 
D)  nitrogen and hydrogen. 
E)  oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Question 13

Refer to the graph below. Curve _______ would most likely belong to a normal adult human, curve _______ would most likely belong to an adult human exposed to high altitude, and curve _______ would most likely belong to an animal adapted to a high altitude (e.g., a llama).

Accepted Answer

A)  A; B; C 
B)  A; C; B 
C)  B; A; C 
D)  B; C; A 
E)  C; B; A 
A)  A; B; C 
B)  A; C; B 
C)  B; A; C 
D)  B; C; A 
E)  C; B; A

Question 14

Which statement about the human gas exchange system is not true?

Accepted Answer

A)  During inhalation, a negative pressure exists in the space between the lung and the thoracic wall. 
B)  Smoking one cigarette can immobilize the cilia lining the airways for hours. 
C)  The respiratory control center in the medulla responds more strongly to changes in arterial O2 concentration than to changes in arterial CO2 concentration. 
D)  Without surfactant, the work of breathing is greatly increased. 
E)  The diaphragm contracts during inhalation and relaxes during exhalation. 
A)  During inhalation, a negative pressure exists in the space between the lung and the thoracic wall. 
B)  Smoking one cigarette can immobilize the cilia lining the airways for hours. 
C)  The respiratory control center in the medulla responds more strongly to changes in arterial O2 concentration than to changes in arterial CO2 concentration. 
D)  Without surfactant, the work of breathing is greatly increased. 
E)  The diaphragm contracts during inhalation and relaxes during exhalation.

Question 15

Myoglobin

Accepted Answer

A)  binds O2 at PO2 values at which hemoglobin is releasing its bound O2. 
B)  has a lower affinity for O2 than hemoglobin does. 
C)  consists of four polypeptide chains, just as hemoglobin does. 
D)  provides an immediate source of O2 for muscle cells at the onset of activity. 
E)  can bind four O2 molecules at once. 
A)  binds O2 at PO2 values at which hemoglobin is releasing its bound O2. 
B)  has a lower affinity for O2 than hemoglobin does. 
C)  consists of four polypeptide chains, just as hemoglobin does. 
D)  provides an immediate source of O2 for muscle cells at the onset of activity. 
E)  can bind four O2 molecules at once.

Question 16

External gills, tracheae, and lungs share which of the following sets of characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are parts of gas-exchange systems, they exchange both CO2 and O2, and they increase surface area for diffusion. 
B)  They are used by water breathers, their functioning is based on countercurrent exchange, and they make use of negative pressure for breathing. 
C)  They exchange only O2, they are associated with a circulatory system, and they are found in vertebrates. 
D)  They are found in insects, they employ positive-pressure pumping, and their functioning is based on crosscurrent flow. 
E)  They are parts of gas-exchange systems, they ex­change both CO2 and O2, and they decrease surface area for diffusion. 
A)  They are parts of gas-exchange systems, they exchange both CO2 and O2, and they increase surface area for diffusion. 
B)  They are used by water breathers, their functioning is based on countercurrent exchange, and they make use of negative pressure for breathing. 
C)  They exchange only O2, they are associated with a circulatory system, and they are found in vertebrates. 
D)  They are found in insects, they employ positive-pressure pumping, and their functioning is based on crosscurrent flow. 
E)  They are parts of gas-exchange systems, they ex­change both CO2 and O2, and they decrease surface area for diffusion.

Question 17

Aquatic animals that lack an internal system for transporting O2

Accepted Answer

A)  often have flat, leaflike bodies. 
B)  are usually small. 
C)  may have a very thin body built around a central cavity through which water circulates. 
D)  have cells that are all close to the respiratory medium. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  often have flat, leaflike bodies. 
B)  are usually small. 
C)  may have a very thin body built around a central cavity through which water circulates. 
D)  have cells that are all close to the respiratory medium. 
E)  All of the above

Question 18

Each molecule of hemoglobin, when fully saturated, carries _______ molecule(s) of oxygen.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  4 
D)  20 
E)  nearly 100 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  4 
D)  20 
E)  nearly 100

Question 19

In the mammalian lung, the amount of air that is moved in normal breathing is called the _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the mammalian lung, the amount of...

Question 20

If the O2-binding curves were plotted for the following types of hemoglobin at the pH levels indicated, which curve would be to the right of all the others?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fetal human hemoglobin at pH 7.6 
B)  Adult human hemoglobin at pH 7.6 
C)  Adult human hemoglobin at pH 7.2 
D)  Fetal human hemoglobin at pH 7.2 
E)  Adult llama hemoglobin at pH 7.2 
A)  Fetal human hemoglobin at pH 7.6 
B)  Adult human hemoglobin at pH 7.6 
C)  Adult human hemoglobin at pH 7.2 
D)  Fetal human hemoglobin at pH 7.2 
E)  Adult llama hemoglobin at pH 7.2

Exam 49: Gas Exchange in Animals

Which part of the blood is most efficient at carrying oxygen?

In addition to possessing lungs, birds have _______ at several locations in their bodies.

The lungs expand in inhalation because

The breathing tubes of insects are called _______.

Which of the following is not an expected response from a fish to a drop in water temperature?

What is the difference between the myoglobin O2-binding curve and the hemoglobin O2-binding curve?

Which of the following is not an adverse consequence of tidal breathing as seen in mammals?

The rate at which a gas diffuses between two locations is _______ the distance between those locations.

The alveoli of the lungs do not contain air with 20.9% oxygen because

In acidic tissues, hemoglobin releases _______ it does in less acidic environments.

Which of the following statements about respiratory adaptations is false?

The primary respiratory gas(es) is(are)

Refer to the graph below. Curve _______ would most likely belong to a normal adult human, curve _______ would most likely belong to an adult human exposed to high altitude, and curve _______ would most likely belong to an animal adapted to a high altitude (e.g., a llama).

Which statement about the human gas exchange system is not true?

Myoglobin

External gills, tracheae, and lungs share which of the following sets of characteristics?

Aquatic animals that lack an internal system for transporting O2

Each molecule of hemoglobin, when fully saturated, carries _______ molecule(s) of oxygen.

In the mammalian lung, the amount of air that is moved in normal breathing is called the _______.

If the O2-binding curves were plotted for the following types of hemoglobin at the pH levels indicated, which curve would be to the right of all the others?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling and Communication

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinent Dna and Biotechnology

Differential Gene Expression in Development

Development and Evolutionary Change

Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Species and Their Formation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Function

Musculoskeletal Systems

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen

Animal Behavior

Ecology and the Distribution of Life

Population Ecology

Species Interaction and Coevolution

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Conservation Biology

Filters

What is the difference between the myoglobin O₂-binding curve and the hemoglobin O₂-binding curve?

Refer to the graph below. Curve ___ would most likely belong to a normal adult human, curve _ would most likely belong to an adult human exposed to high altitude, and curve _____ would most likely belong to an animal adapted to a high altitude (e.g., a llama).

Aquatic animals that lack an internal system for transporting O₂

If the O₂-binding curves were plotted for the following types of hemoglobin at the pH levels indicated, which curve would be to the right of all the others?