Question 1

Carbon monoxide (CO)

Accepted Answer

A)  binds to hemoglobin with a higher affinity than O2 does. 
B)  may be released by faulty furnaces or the burning of charcoal or kerosene in unventilated areas. 
C)  exposure may cause death from lack of O2. 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  binds to hemoglobin with a higher affinity than O2 does. 
B)  may be released by faulty furnaces or the burning of charcoal or kerosene in unventilated areas. 
C)  exposure may cause death from lack of O2. 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above

Question 2

Which statement about gas exchange in fish is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood flows over the gas exchange surfaces in a direction opposite to the flow of water. 
B)  Gases are exchanged across the gill arches. 
C)  Ventilation of the gills is tidal in fast-swimming fishes. 
D)  Less work is needed to ventilate gills in warm water than in cold water. 
E)  The path length for diffusion of respiratory gases is determined by the length of the gill filaments. 
A)  Blood flows over the gas exchange surfaces in a direction opposite to the flow of water. 
B)  Gases are exchanged across the gill arches. 
C)  Ventilation of the gills is tidal in fast-swimming fishes. 
D)  Less work is needed to ventilate gills in warm water than in cold water. 
E)  The path length for diffusion of respiratory gases is determined by the length of the gill filaments.

Question 3

Which of the following is involved in the control of breathing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neurons in the medulla 
B)  Chemoreceptors on the surface of the medulla 
C)  Chemoreceptors in the aorta 
D)  Chemoreceptors in the carotid arteries 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Neurons in the medulla 
B)  Chemoreceptors on the surface of the medulla 
C)  Chemoreceptors in the aorta 
D)  Chemoreceptors in the carotid arteries 
E)  All of the above

Question 4

Air sacs of the avian respiratory system can be grouped into _______ air sacs.

Accepted Answer

A)  lateral and ventral 
B)  lateral and dorsal 
C)  posterior and ventral 
D)  anterior and posterior 
E)  anterior and ventral 
A)  lateral and ventral 
B)  lateral and dorsal 
C)  posterior and ventral 
D)  anterior and posterior 
E)  anterior and ventral

Question 5

Which of the following statements about myoglobin is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Iron in the myoglobin molecule can bind to O2. 
B)  Myoglobin is found in muscle cells. 
C)  Myoglobin has a lesser affinity for O2 than hemo-globin does. 
D)  Diving mammals have high concentrations of myoglobin in their muscles. 
E)  Skeletal muscles can differ in their myoglobin content. 
A)  Iron in the myoglobin molecule can bind to O2. 
B)  Myoglobin is found in muscle cells. 
C)  Myoglobin has a lesser affinity for O2 than hemo-globin does. 
D)  Diving mammals have high concentrations of myoglobin in their muscles. 
E)  Skeletal muscles can differ in their myoglobin content.

Question 6

Which of the following adaptations is not seen in fish gills?

Accepted Answer

A)  A countercurrent exchange system 
B)  Bidirectional ventilation of the gills 
C)  Morphological features that increase the surface area available for gas exchange 
D)  Morphological features that decrease the path length for diffusion of the respiratory gases 
E)  Morphological features that maximize the efficiency of O2 extraction 
A)  A countercurrent exchange system 
B)  Bidirectional ventilation of the gills 
C)  Morphological features that increase the surface area available for gas exchange 
D)  Morphological features that decrease the path length for diffusion of the respiratory gases 
E)  Morphological features that maximize the efficiency of O2 extraction

Question 7

The notation PO2 stands for the _______ of oxygen.

Accepted Answer

Question 8

Hemoglobin consists of _______ protein subunits linked together.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hemoglobin consists of _______ protein subunits linked...

Question 9

Which of the following statement is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Air-breathing animals are remarkably insensitive to falling levels of O2. 
B)  In water-breathing animals, O2 is the primary feedback stimulus for breathing. 
C)  In humans, chemoreceptors for CO2 are located in the medulla. 
D)  Areas of the brain above the medulla have no impact on breathing rate. 
E)  Breathing is an involuntary function of the central nervous system. 
A)  Air-breathing animals are remarkably insensitive to falling levels of O2. 
B)  In water-breathing animals, O2 is the primary feedback stimulus for breathing. 
C)  In humans, chemoreceptors for CO2 are located in the medulla. 
D)  Areas of the brain above the medulla have no impact on breathing rate. 
E)  Breathing is an involuntary function of the central nervous system.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains the limiting effects of water in oxygen exchange?

Accepted Answer

A)  Low diffusion rate and low oxygen content at high water temperatures 
B)  Low diffusion rate and low oxygen content at low water temperatures 
C)  High diffusion rate and high oxygen content at high water temperatures 
D)  High diffusion rate and low oxygen content at low water temperatures 
E)  Low diffusion rate and high oxygen content at high water temperatures 
A)  Low diffusion rate and low oxygen content at high water temperatures 
B)  Low diffusion rate and low oxygen content at low water temperatures 
C)  High diffusion rate and high oxygen content at high water temperatures 
D)  High diffusion rate and low oxygen content at low water temperatures 
E)  Low diffusion rate and high oxygen content at high water temperatures

Question 11

Which of the following factors accounts for the efficiency of gas exchange in fish gills?

Accepted Answer

A)  Maximized surface area 
B)  Minimized path length for diffusion 
C)  Countercurrent flow of blood and water over opposite sides of the gas exchange surfaces 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Maximized surface area 
B)  Minimized path length for diffusion 
C)  Countercurrent flow of blood and water over opposite sides of the gas exchange surfaces 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  All of the above

Question 12

Which of the following represents a larger volume of air than is normally found in the resting tidal volume of a human lung?

Accepted Answer

A)  Residual volume 
B)  Inspiratory reserve volume 
C)  Expiratory reserve volume 
D)  Vital capacity 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Residual volume 
B)  Inspiratory reserve volume 
C)  Expiratory reserve volume 
D)  Vital capacity 
E)  All of the above

Question 13

A key problem faced by elephants when they are swimming is

Accepted Answer

A)  the pressure difference between their blood vessels and the water. 
B)  water entering their cells and causing lysis. 
C)  water leaving their cells in response to a concentration gradient. 
D)  infection by pathogens. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  the pressure difference between their blood vessels and the water. 
B)  water entering their cells and causing lysis. 
C)  water leaving their cells in response to a concentration gradient. 
D)  infection by pathogens. 
E)  None of the above

Question 14

PCO2 is monitored carefully by the human body, and any changes in it lead quickly to changes in respiratory rate. The actual stimulus that leads to increased respiratory gas exchange is

Accepted Answer

A)  PN2. 
B)  PO2. 
C)  temperature as measured at the hypothalamus. 
D)  blood pH. 
E)  pulse rate. 
A)  PN2. 
B)  PO2. 
C)  temperature as measured at the hypothalamus. 
D)  blood pH. 
E)  pulse rate.

Question 15

Which of the following is not an adaptation for respiratory gas exchange?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mechanisms to adjust the temperature of the medium to increase diffusion 
B)  Increasing the surface area over which diffusion of gases can occur 
C)  Maximizing partial pressure gradients 
D)  Minimizing the diffusion path length through an aqueous medium 
E)  Countercurrent flow 
A)  Mechanisms to adjust the temperature of the medium to increase diffusion 
B)  Increasing the surface area over which diffusion of gases can occur 
C)  Maximizing partial pressure gradients 
D)  Minimizing the diffusion path length through an aqueous medium 
E)  Countercurrent flow

Question 16

The Bohr shift describes the

Accepted Answer

A)  outward movement of Cl- from the blood cell in exchange for HCO3- moving into the cell. 
B)  leftward shift of the entire O2 equilibrium curve when temperature rises. 
C)  rightward shift of the entire O2 equilibrium curve when pH rises. 
D)  rightward shift of the entire O2 equilibrium curve when pH falls. 
E)  leftward shift of the entire O2 equilibrium curve when BPG increases. 
A)  outward movement of Cl- from the blood cell in exchange for HCO3- moving into the cell. 
B)  leftward shift of the entire O2 equilibrium curve when temperature rises. 
C)  rightward shift of the entire O2 equilibrium curve when pH rises. 
D)  rightward shift of the entire O2 equilibrium curve when pH falls. 
E)  leftward shift of the entire O2 equilibrium curve when BPG increases.

Question 17

Refer to the diagram below of a spirometer tracing. Which of the following terms is paired incorrectly with its location on the spirometer tracing?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 - Inspiratory reserve volume 
B)  2 - Tidal volume 
C)  3 - Vital capacity 
D)  4 - Residual volume 
E)  5 - Total lung capacity 
A)  1 - Inspiratory reserve volume 
B)  2 - Tidal volume 
C)  3 - Vital capacity 
D)  4 - Residual volume 
E)  5 - Total lung capacity

Question 18

Most CO2 in the blood is carried

Accepted Answer

A)  in the cytoplasm of red blood cells. 
B)  as CO2 dissolved in the plasma. 
C)  in the plasma as bicarbonate ions. 
D)  bound to plasma proteins. 
E)  in red blood cells bound to hemoglobin. 
A)  in the cytoplasm of red blood cells. 
B)  as CO2 dissolved in the plasma. 
C)  in the plasma as bicarbonate ions. 
D)  bound to plasma proteins. 
E)  in red blood cells bound to hemoglobin.

Question 19

Surfactant produced by cells lining the alveoli serves to

Accepted Answer

A)  increase surface tension. 
B)  increase stretching of the alveolar walls. 
C)  assist muscular movements of breathing. 
D)  reduce cohesion of surface molecules. 
E)  reduce ciliary movement. 
A)  increase surface tension. 
B)  increase stretching of the alveolar walls. 
C)  assist muscular movements of breathing. 
D)  reduce cohesion of surface molecules. 
E)  reduce ciliary movement.

Question 20

The breathing center in humans initiates ventilation in response to

Accepted Answer

A)  a decrease in air pressure. 
B)  a decrease in O2. 
C)  an increase in CO2. 
D)  the time since the last breath. 
E)  the rate of gas exchange in the alveoli. 
A)  a decrease in air pressure. 
B)  a decrease in O2. 
C)  an increase in CO2. 
D)  the time since the last breath. 
E)  the rate of gas exchange in the alveoli.

Exam 49: Gas Exchange in Animals

Carbon monoxide (CO)

Which statement about gas exchange in fish is true?

Which of the following is involved in the control of breathing?

Air sacs of the avian respiratory system can be grouped into _______ air sacs.

Which of the following statements about myoglobin is false?

Which of the following adaptations is not seen in fish gills?

The notation PO2 stands for the _______ of oxygen.

Hemoglobin consists of _______ protein subunits linked together.

Which of the following statement is false?

Which of the following best explains the limiting effects of water in oxygen exchange?

Which of the following factors accounts for the efficiency of gas exchange in fish gills?

Which of the following represents a larger volume of air than is normally found in the resting tidal volume of a human lung?

A key problem faced by elephants when they are swimming is

PCO2 is monitored carefully by the human body, and any changes in it lead quickly to changes in respiratory rate. The actual stimulus that leads to increased respiratory gas exchange is

Which of the following is not an adaptation for respiratory gas exchange?

The Bohr shift describes the

Refer to the diagram below of a spirometer tracing. Which of the following terms is paired incorrectly with its location on the spirometer tracing?

Most CO2 in the blood is carried

Surfactant produced by cells lining the alveoli serves to

The breathing center in humans initiates ventilation in response to

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The notation P_O2 stands for the _______ of oxygen.

P_CO2 is monitored carefully by the human body, and any changes in it lead quickly to changes in respiratory rate. The actual stimulus that leads to increased respiratory gas exchange is

Most CO₂ in the blood is carried