Question 1

The delicate gills of fishes are supported by _______ and _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  flaps; gill arches 
B)  opercular flaps; gill filaments 
C)  gill filaments; gill arches 
D)  opercular flaps; a diaphragm 
E)  gill arches; a diaphragm 
A)  flaps; gill arches 
B)  opercular flaps; gill filaments 
C)  gill filaments; gill arches 
D)  opercular flaps; a diaphragm 
E)  gill arches; a diaphragm

Question 2

Which of the following statements about hemoglobin is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hemoglobin allows the blood to carry a large amount of O2. 
B)  Hemoglobin contains a single polypeptide chain with very high affinity for O2. 
C)  Hemoglobin is packaged inside red blood cells. 
D)  Fetal hemoglobin is structurally different from adult hemoglobin. 
E)  Compared to adult hemoglobin, fetal hemoglobin has a higher affinity for O2. 
A)  Hemoglobin allows the blood to carry a large amount of O2. 
B)  Hemoglobin contains a single polypeptide chain with very high affinity for O2. 
C)  Hemoglobin is packaged inside red blood cells. 
D)  Fetal hemoglobin is structurally different from adult hemoglobin. 
E)  Compared to adult hemoglobin, fetal hemoglobin has a higher affinity for O2.

Question 3

Which of the following is a benefit provided by fetal hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

A)  It transfers O2 from adult hemoglobin to the fetus. 
B)  It releases O2 at a lower partial pressure than adult hemoglobin does. 
C)  In the placenta, O2 diffuses from adult hemoglobin to fetal hemoglobin. 
D)  At low O2 pressures, it is less likely to pick up oxygen than adult hemoglobin is. 
E)  It occurs in higher density in red blood cells than adult hemoglobin does. 
A)  It transfers O2 from adult hemoglobin to the fetus. 
B)  It releases O2 at a lower partial pressure than adult hemoglobin does. 
C)  In the placenta, O2 diffuses from adult hemoglobin to fetal hemoglobin. 
D)  At low O2 pressures, it is less likely to pick up oxygen than adult hemoglobin is. 
E)  It occurs in higher density in red blood cells than adult hemoglobin does.

Question 4

The level of _______ in the blood is the primary chemical stimulus that controls the respiratory rate.

Accepted Answer

A)  CO2 
B)  O2 
C)  nutrients 
D)  iron 
E)  H+ 
A)  CO2 
B)  O2 
C)  nutrients 
D)  iron 
E)  H+

Question 5

Chemoreceptors on the surface of the medulla are sensitive to

Accepted Answer

A)  O2. 
B)  N2. 
C)  surfactant. 
D)  CO2 and the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  O2. 
B)  N2. 
C)  surfactant. 
D)  CO2 and the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid. 
E)  None of the above

Question 6

Which of the following statements about insect respiration is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spiracles are the air tubes that carry the respiratory gases. 
B)  Because O2 diffuses more quickly in air than in water, the insect respiratory system is highly efficient. 
C)  Aquatic insects that carry air bubbles underwater use the bubble as a source of O2. 
D)  Some insects have external gills. 
E)  All of the above are true; none is false. 
A)  Spiracles are the air tubes that carry the respiratory gases. 
B)  Because O2 diffuses more quickly in air than in water, the insect respiratory system is highly efficient. 
C)  Aquatic insects that carry air bubbles underwater use the bubble as a source of O2. 
D)  Some insects have external gills. 
E)  All of the above are true; none is false.

Question 7

Hemoglobin delivers O2 to body cells from the red blood cells

Accepted Answer

A)  until the hemoglobin is depleted of O2. 
B)  until the partial pressures of O2 in the two different cells are equivalent. 
C)  although the hemoglobin is never completely saturated. 
D)  by releasing O2 to cells with a higher partial pressure of oxygen. 
E)  until the fluid pressure in the red blood cells is lower. 
A)  until the hemoglobin is depleted of O2. 
B)  until the partial pressures of O2 in the two different cells are equivalent. 
C)  although the hemoglobin is never completely saturated. 
D)  by releasing O2 to cells with a higher partial pressure of oxygen. 
E)  until the fluid pressure in the red blood cells is lower.

Question 8

Which statement about the gas exchange system of birds is not true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Respiratory gases are not exchanged in the air sacs. 
B)  A bird can achieve more complete exchange of O2 from air to blood than humans can. 
C)  Air passes through birds' lungs in only one direction. 
D)  The gas exchange surfaces in bird lungs are the alveoli. 
E)  A breath of air remains in the system for two breathing cycles. 
A)  Respiratory gases are not exchanged in the air sacs. 
B)  A bird can achieve more complete exchange of O2 from air to blood than humans can. 
C)  Air passes through birds' lungs in only one direction. 
D)  The gas exchange surfaces in bird lungs are the alveoli. 
E)  A breath of air remains in the system for two breathing cycles.

Question 9

According to Fick's law of diffusion, which of the following does not play a role in the diffusion of O2 across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  Surface area 
B)  Volume 
C)  Difference in concentration or partial pressure 
D)  Diffusion distance 
E)  Diffusion coefficient 
A)  Surface area 
B)  Volume 
C)  Difference in concentration or partial pressure 
D)  Diffusion distance 
E)  Diffusion coefficient

Question 10

Breathing mechanisms (ventilate or perfuse) _______ the environmental side of the gas exchange surface, while circulatory systems (ventilate or perfuse) _______ the internal side of the surface.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Breathing mechanisms (ventilate or perfuse) _______ the...

Question 11

As blood becomes fully O2 saturated, hemoglobin is combining with _______ molecule(s) of O2.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  4 
D)  8 
E)  6 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  4 
D)  8 
E)  6

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the transport of respiratory gases by the blood is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The amount of O2 that can dissolve directly in plasma is sufficient to support the resting metabolism. 
B)  By binding O2, hemoglobin helps maintain the O2 concentration gradient. 
C)  Internal ventilation of the gas exchange surfaces is dependent on blood flow. 
D)  Each hemoglobin molecule can carry a maximum of four O2 molecules. 
E)  Molecules of O2 are associated with the heme groups of hemoglobin. 
A)  The amount of O2 that can dissolve directly in plasma is sufficient to support the resting metabolism. 
B)  By binding O2, hemoglobin helps maintain the O2 concentration gradient. 
C)  Internal ventilation of the gas exchange surfaces is dependent on blood flow. 
D)  Each hemoglobin molecule can carry a maximum of four O2 molecules. 
E)  Molecules of O2 are associated with the heme groups of hemoglobin.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is not true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Respiratory gases are exchanged only by diffusion. 
B)  O2 has a lower rate of diffusion in water than in air. 
C)  The O2 content of water falls as the temperature of water rises. 
D)  The amount of O2 in the atmosphere decreases with increasing altitude. 
E)  Birds have evolved active transport mechanisms to augment their respiratory gas exchange. 
A)  Respiratory gases are exchanged only by diffusion. 
B)  O2 has a lower rate of diffusion in water than in air. 
C)  The O2 content of water falls as the temperature of water rises. 
D)  The amount of O2 in the atmosphere decreases with increasing altitude. 
E)  Birds have evolved active transport mechanisms to augment their respiratory gas exchange.

Question 14

_______ have large gas exchange surface areas that are ventilated continuously and unidirectionally with water internally.

Accepted Answer

A)  Insects 
B)  Fish 
C)  Amphibians 
D)  Birds 
E)  Mammals 
A)  Insects 
B)  Fish 
C)  Amphibians 
D)  Birds 
E)  Mammals

Question 15

Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Compared to given volume of water, the same volume of air is moved more easily across a respiratory surface. 
B)  Compared to water, air holds more O2 per unit volume. 
C)  Water breathers have a difficult time ridding themselves of CO2 because CO2 does not dissolve well in water. 
D)  Temperature increases affect the O2 content of water more than they do that of air. 
E)  O2 diffuses more rapidly in air than in water. 
A)  Compared to given volume of water, the same volume of air is moved more easily across a respiratory surface. 
B)  Compared to water, air holds more O2 per unit volume. 
C)  Water breathers have a difficult time ridding themselves of CO2 because CO2 does not dissolve well in water. 
D)  Temperature increases affect the O2 content of water more than they do that of air. 
E)  O2 diffuses more rapidly in air than in water.

Question 16

Breathing is controlled in the

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebral cortex. 
B)  medulla. 
C)  amygdala. 
D)  brain stem. 
E)  pituitary. 
A)  cerebral cortex. 
B)  medulla. 
C)  amygdala. 
D)  brain stem. 
E)  pituitary.

Question 17

Both bird and mammal lungs

Accepted Answer

A)  need two cycles of inhalation and exhalation in order for air to move. 
B)  contain alveoli at the terminal ends. 
C)  have an anatomical dead space. 
D)  exchange O2 and CO2 with blood in capillaries. 
E)  have a unidirectional flow of air moving through them. 
A)  need two cycles of inhalation and exhalation in order for air to move. 
B)  contain alveoli at the terminal ends. 
C)  have an anatomical dead space. 
D)  exchange O2 and CO2 with blood in capillaries. 
E)  have a unidirectional flow of air moving through them.

Question 18

After extreme exhalation, the lungs and airways still contain a(n) _______ volume of air.

Accepted Answer

The answer of After extreme exhalation, the lungs and airways...

Question 19

Humans have difficulty breathing at high elevations because _______ than at low elevations.

Accepted Answer

A)  O2 makes up a lower percentage of the air 
B)  the temperature is lower 
C)  the barometric pressure is higher 
D)  the partial pressure of O2 is lower 
E)  the air is drier 
A)  O2 makes up a lower percentage of the air 
B)  the temperature is lower 
C)  the barometric pressure is higher 
D)  the partial pressure of O2 is lower 
E)  the air is drier

Question 20

During inhalation, _______ expand and allow air into the lungs of birds.

Accepted Answer

A)  posterior air valves 
B)  anterior air valves 
C)  lateral air valves 
D)  dorsal air valves 
E)  posterior air sacs 
A)  posterior air valves 
B)  anterior air valves 
C)  lateral air valves 
D)  dorsal air valves 
E)  posterior air sacs

Exam 49: Gas Exchange in Animals

The delicate gills of fishes are supported by _______ and _______.

Which of the following statements about hemoglobin is false?

Which of the following is a benefit provided by fetal hemoglobin?

The level of _______ in the blood is the primary chemical stimulus that controls the respiratory rate.

Chemoreceptors on the surface of the medulla are sensitive to

Which of the following statements about insect respiration is false?

Hemoglobin delivers O2 to body cells from the red blood cells

Which statement about the gas exchange system of birds is not true?

According to Fick's law of diffusion, which of the following does not play a role in the diffusion of O2 across a membrane?

Breathing mechanisms (ventilate or perfuse) _______ the environmental side of the gas exchange surface, while circulatory systems (ventilate or perfuse) _______ the internal side of the surface.

As blood becomes fully O2 saturated, hemoglobin is combining with _______ molecule(s) of O2.

Which of the following statements about the transport of respiratory gases by the blood is false?

Which of the following statements is not true?

_______ have large gas exchange surface areas that are ventilated continuously and unidirectionally with water internally.

Which of the following statements is false?

Breathing is controlled in the

Both bird and mammal lungs

After extreme exhalation, the lungs and airways still contain a(n) _______ volume of air.

Humans have difficulty breathing at high elevations because _______ than at low elevations.

During inhalation, _______ expand and allow air into the lungs of birds.

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling and Communication

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinent Dna and Biotechnology

Differential Gene Expression in Development

Development and Evolutionary Change

Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Species and Their Formation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

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Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

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The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Function

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Filters

The delicate gills of fishes are supported by _ and _.

Hemoglobin delivers O₂ to body cells from the red blood cells

According to Fick's law of diffusion, which of the following does not play a role in the diffusion of O₂across a membrane?

Breathing mechanisms (ventilate or perfuse) _ the environmental side of the gas exchange surface, while circulatory systems (ventilate or perfuse) _ the internal side of the surface.

As blood becomes fully O₂ saturated, hemoglobin is combining with _______ molecule(s) of O₂.