Question 1

Breathing rhythm is generated in the _______ and modified by neurons either in or above the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  medulla; pons 
B)  medulla; spinal cord 
C)  spinal cord; pons 
D)  spinal cord; cerebellum 
E)  cerebellum; medulla 
A)  medulla; pons 
B)  medulla; spinal cord 
C)  spinal cord; pons 
D)  spinal cord; cerebellum 
E)  cerebellum; medulla

Question 2

If the O2-binding curves were plotted for adult hemoglobin under the following conditions, which curve would be to the right of all the others?

Accepted Answer

A)  pH 7.6, little 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid 
B)  pH 7.6, much 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid 
C)  pH 7.2, little 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid 
D)  pH 7.2, much 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid 
E)  pH 7.4, little 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid 
A)  pH 7.6, little 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid 
B)  pH 7.6, much 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid 
C)  pH 7.2, little 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid 
D)  pH 7.2, much 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid 
E)  pH 7.4, little 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid

Question 3

In the following equation, which quantity represents the volume of your normal breath? Total lung capacity = residual volume + expiratory reserve volume + inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume

Accepted Answer

A)  Total lung capacity 
B)  Residual volume 
C)  Expiratory reserve volume 
D)  Inspiratory reserve volume 
E)  Tidal volume 
A)  Total lung capacity 
B)  Residual volume 
C)  Expiratory reserve volume 
D)  Inspiratory reserve volume 
E)  Tidal volume

Question 4

In the respiratory cycle of birds, air flows through the trachea, to the bronchi, and then

Accepted Answer

A)  into the parabronchi. 
B)  back through the trachea. 
C)  to the air capillaries. 
D)  into the posterior air sacs. 
E)  into the anterior air sacs. 
A)  into the parabronchi. 
B)  back through the trachea. 
C)  to the air capillaries. 
D)  into the posterior air sacs. 
E)  into the anterior air sacs.

Question 5

The affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen depends on

Accepted Answer

A)  hemoglobin composition. 
B)  hemoglobin and pH. 
C)  2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  All of the above 
A)  hemoglobin composition. 
B)  hemoglobin and pH. 
C)  2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  All of the above

Question 6

The oxygen-binding molecule that is abundant in muscle is _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The oxygen-binding molecule that is abundant in...

Question 7

Refer to the diagram below of a countercurrent exchanger from a fish gill. The values represent percent saturation of O2. Based on this information alone, which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tube AB represents the flow of water and tube CD represents the flow of blood. 
B)  Tube CD represents the flow of water and tube AB represents the flow of blood. 
C)  The fluid in tube AB flows from A to B. 
D)  The fluid in tube CD flows from D to C. 
E)  Both a and c 
A)  Tube AB represents the flow of water and tube CD represents the flow of blood. 
B)  Tube CD represents the flow of water and tube AB represents the flow of blood. 
C)  The fluid in tube AB flows from A to B. 
D)  The fluid in tube CD flows from D to C. 
E)  Both a and c

Question 8

The rate of gas exchange in mammals is maximized by

Accepted Answer

A)  an exceedingly high partial pressure of O2 in the blood. 
B)  the opening of the larynx (voice box) into the trachea. 
C)  an enormous surface area for gas exchange. 
D)  the animals' small increase in size during inhalation. 
E)  the production of mucus and surfactants. 
A)  an exceedingly high partial pressure of O2 in the blood. 
B)  the opening of the larynx (voice box) into the trachea. 
C)  an enormous surface area for gas exchange. 
D)  the animals' small increase in size during inhalation. 
E)  the production of mucus and surfactants.

Question 9

An unusual feature of the lungs of _______ is that they expand and contract relatively little during a breathing cycle. They also contract during inhalation and expand during exhalation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An unusual feature of the lungs of...

Question 10

The process of exhalation is brought about by

Accepted Answer

A)  the contraction of intercostal muscles. 
B)  elastic recoil of the lung tissues. 
C)  the contraction of the diaphragm. 
D)  complete collapse of the lung tissue. 
E)  low pressure in the thoracic cavity. 
A)  the contraction of intercostal muscles. 
B)  elastic recoil of the lung tissues. 
C)  the contraction of the diaphragm. 
D)  complete collapse of the lung tissue. 
E)  low pressure in the thoracic cavity.

Question 11

Smokers cough frequently because

Accepted Answer

A)  tar fills numerous alveoli. 
B)  a histamine response to the smoke narrows the airway. 
C)  cilia that typically eject mucus are paralyzed by the smoke. 
D)  coughing assists in release of surfactant, which is inhibited by smoking. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  tar fills numerous alveoli. 
B)  a histamine response to the smoke narrows the airway. 
C)  cilia that typically eject mucus are paralyzed by the smoke. 
D)  coughing assists in release of surfactant, which is inhibited by smoking. 
E)  All of the above

Question 12

Because of the relatively high altitude of Antonito, Colorado, the town has a normal barometric pressure of about 600 mm Hg rather than 760 mm Hg as at sea level. The partial pressure of O2 in Antonito's air is approximately _______ mm Hg.

Accepted Answer

A)  75 
B)  126 
C)  160 
D)  76 
E)  21 
A)  75 
B)  126 
C)  160 
D)  76 
E)  21

Question 13

Mammalian lungs have two adaptive features: the production of mucus and _______, a substance that reduces the surface tension of the liquid lining the insides of the alveoli.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mammalian lungs have two adaptive features: the...

Question 14

Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme in red blood cells that catalyzes a reaction between CO2 and

Accepted Answer

A)  HCO3-. 
B)  H2CO3. 
C)  hemoglobin. 
D)  O2. 
E)  water. 
A)  HCO3-. 
B)  H2CO3. 
C)  hemoglobin. 
D)  O2. 
E)  water.

Question 15

Muscle cells have their own oxygen-binding molecule called

Accepted Answer

A)  hemoglobin. 
B)  tropoglobin. 
C)  myoglobin. 
D)  calciglobin. 
E)  glycoglobin. 
A)  hemoglobin. 
B)  tropoglobin. 
C)  myoglobin. 
D)  calciglobin. 
E)  glycoglobin.

Question 16

The lungs of _______ are the most efficient lungs of vertebrates.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The lungs of _______ are the most...

Question 17

When the level of CO2 in the bloodstream increases,

Accepted Answer

A)  the rate of respiration decreases. 
B)  the pH of the blood rises. 
C)  the respiratory centers become dormant. 
D)  the rate of respiration increases. 
E)  the blood becomes more alkaline. 
A)  the rate of respiration decreases. 
B)  the pH of the blood rises. 
C)  the respiratory centers become dormant. 
D)  the rate of respiration increases. 
E)  the blood becomes more alkaline.

Question 18

In the human gas exchange system,

Accepted Answer

A)  the lungs and airways are completely collapsed after a forceful exhalation. 
B)  the average PO2 concentration of air inside the lungs is always lower than that in the air outside the lungs. 
C)  the PO2 of the blood leaving the lungs is greater than that of the exhaled air. 
D)  the amount of air that is moved per breath during normal, at-rest breathing is termed the total lung capacity. 
E)  O2 and CO2 are actively transported across the alveolar and capillary membranes. 
A)  the lungs and airways are completely collapsed after a forceful exhalation. 
B)  the average PO2 concentration of air inside the lungs is always lower than that in the air outside the lungs. 
C)  the PO2 of the blood leaving the lungs is greater than that of the exhaled air. 
D)  the amount of air that is moved per breath during normal, at-rest breathing is termed the total lung capacity. 
E)  O2 and CO2 are actively transported across the alveolar and capillary membranes.

Question 19

In mammalian lungs, the gas exchange surface area provided by _______ is enormous.

Accepted Answer

A)  trachea 
B)  gills 
C)  parabronchi 
D)  bronchi 
E)  alveoli 
A)  trachea 
B)  gills 
C)  parabronchi 
D)  bronchi 
E)  alveoli

Question 20

Which of the following statements is not one of the reasons that diffusion of O2 into an animal is more problematic than diffusion of CO2 from an animal?

Accepted Answer

A)  CO2 is more soluble in water compared to O2. 
B)  Cellular respiration produces less CO2 than the O2 that is consumed. 
C)  The CO2 content of air is less than the O2 content. 
D)  The atmospheric partial pressure of O2 is greater than the atmospheric partial pressure of CO2. 
E)  There is a greater concentration gradient from the cell to the atmosphere for CO2 than for O2. 
A)  CO2 is more soluble in water compared to O2. 
B)  Cellular respiration produces less CO2 than the O2 that is consumed. 
C)  The CO2 content of air is less than the O2 content. 
D)  The atmospheric partial pressure of O2 is greater than the atmospheric partial pressure of CO2. 
E)  There is a greater concentration gradient from the cell to the atmosphere for CO2 than for O2.

Exam 49: Gas Exchange in Animals

Breathing rhythm is generated in the _______ and modified by neurons either in or above the _______.

If the O2-binding curves were plotted for adult hemoglobin under the following conditions, which curve would be to the right of all the others?

In the following equation, which quantity represents the volume of your normal breath? Total lung capacity = residual volume + expiratory reserve volume + inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume

In the respiratory cycle of birds, air flows through the trachea, to the bronchi, and then

The affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen depends on

The oxygen-binding molecule that is abundant in muscle is _______.

Refer to the diagram below of a countercurrent exchanger from a fish gill. The values represent percent saturation of O2. Based on this information alone, which of the following statements is true?

The rate of gas exchange in mammals is maximized by

An unusual feature of the lungs of _______ is that they expand and contract relatively little during a breathing cycle. They also contract during inhalation and expand during exhalation.

The process of exhalation is brought about by

Smokers cough frequently because

Because of the relatively high altitude of Antonito, Colorado, the town has a normal barometric pressure of about 600 mm Hg rather than 760 mm Hg as at sea level. The partial pressure of O2 in Antonito's air is approximately _______ mm Hg.

Mammalian lungs have two adaptive features: the production of mucus and _______, a substance that reduces the surface tension of the liquid lining the insides of the alveoli.

Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme in red blood cells that catalyzes a reaction between CO2 and

Muscle cells have their own oxygen-binding molecule called

The lungs of _______ are the most efficient lungs of vertebrates.

When the level of CO2 in the bloodstream increases,

In the human gas exchange system,

In mammalian lungs, the gas exchange surface area provided by _______ is enormous.

Which of the following statements is not one of the reasons that diffusion of O2 into an animal is more problematic than diffusion of CO2 from an animal?

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Filters

Breathing rhythm is generated in the _ and modified by neurons either in or above the _.

If the O₂-binding curves were plotted for adult hemoglobin under the following conditions, which curve would be to the right of all the others?

Refer to the diagram below of a countercurrent exchanger from a fish gill. The values represent percent saturation of O₂. Based on this information alone, which of the following statements is true?

Because of the relatively high altitude of Antonito, Colorado, the town has a normal barometric pressure of about 600 mm Hg rather than 760 mm Hg as at sea level. The partial pressure of O₂ in Antonito's air is approximately _______ mm Hg.

Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme in red blood cells that catalyzes a reaction between CO₂ and

When the level of CO₂ in the bloodstream increases,

Which of the following statements is not one of the reasons that diffusion of O₂ into an animal is more problematic than diffusion of CO₂froman animal?