Question 1

The Malpighian tubules of insects conserve water and excrete _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Malpighian tubules of insects conserve water...

Question 2

The terms "ammonotelic," "ureotelic," and "uricotelic" describe

Accepted Answer

A)  the actions of hormones on the excretory system. 
B)  the types of nitrogenous waste produced by various vertebrates. 
C)  pathways of kidney evolution. 
D)  modifications of kidney tubules that enhance excretion. 
E)  modes of excretory system development. 
A)  the actions of hormones on the excretory system. 
B)  the types of nitrogenous waste produced by various vertebrates. 
C)  pathways of kidney evolution. 
D)  modifications of kidney tubules that enhance excretion. 
E)  modes of excretory system development.

Question 3

Antidiuretic hormone secretion increases when the hypothalamus is stimulated by

Accepted Answer

A)  angiotensin receptors. 
B)  glucose receptors. 
C)  osmoreceptors. 
D)  renin receptors. 
E)  stretch receptors. 
A)  angiotensin receptors. 
B)  glucose receptors. 
C)  osmoreceptors. 
D)  renin receptors. 
E)  stretch receptors.

Question 4

Which structure is located in the cortex of the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  Loops of Henle 
B)  Glomeruli 
C)  Renal tubules 
D)  Collecting ducts 
E)  Vasa recta 
A)  Loops of Henle 
B)  Glomeruli 
C)  Renal tubules 
D)  Collecting ducts 
E)  Vasa recta

Question 5

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the correct system or structure from the list below with each description that follows.  
-Excretory system that actively transports uric acid and ions into blind tubules; found in insects and most terrestrial arthropods

Accepted Answer

A)  Protonephridia 
B)  Metanephridia 
C)  Malpighian tubules 
D)  Nephron 
E)  Aquaporin 
A)  Protonephridia 
B)  Metanephridia 
C)  Malpighian tubules 
D)  Nephron 
E)  Aquaporin

Question 6

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the appropriate anatomical feature from the list below with each description that follows. There may be more than one correct answer.
-Feature whose length is related to the potential maximum urine concentration

Accepted Answer

A) Renal pyramids 
B) Proximal convoluted tubule 
C) Distal convoluted tubule 
D) Loop of Henle 
E) Collecting duct 
A) Renal pyramids 
B) Proximal convoluted tubule 
C) Distal convoluted tubule 
D) Loop of Henle 
E) Collecting duct

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the human kidney is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Its functional units are called hepatocytes. 
B)  Nephrons of the kidney consist of proximal and distal convoluted tubules as well as collecting ducts and loops of Henle. 
C)  Most of the substances and water filtered from the blood in the glomerulus return to the venous blood draining the kidney. 
D)  All substances entering the kidney come from the renal artery. 
E)  b, c, and d 
A)  Its functional units are called hepatocytes. 
B)  Nephrons of the kidney consist of proximal and distal convoluted tubules as well as collecting ducts and loops of Henle. 
C)  Most of the substances and water filtered from the blood in the glomerulus return to the venous blood draining the kidney. 
D)  All substances entering the kidney come from the renal artery. 
E)  b, c, and d

Question 8

Based on your knowledge of how the nephron works, explain why mammals produce concentrated urine whereas reptiles cannot.

Accepted Answer

The loop of Henle acts as a countercurre

Question 9

The excretory systems of earthworms and humans share many characteristics. List a few of the ways in which the excretory systems are similar in form and function.

Accepted Answer

The metanephridia of the earthworm and t

Question 10

In adult humans, urination is controlled by

Accepted Answer

A)  a smooth muscle sphincter at the base of the urethra. 
B)  the autonomic nervous system. 
C)  a skeletal muscle sphincter at the base of the urethra. 
D)  the voluntary nervous system. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  a smooth muscle sphincter at the base of the urethra. 
B)  the autonomic nervous system. 
C)  a skeletal muscle sphincter at the base of the urethra. 
D)  the voluntary nervous system. 
E)  All of the above

Question 11

The sole mechanism for water reabsorption by the renal tubules is

Accepted Answer

A)  active transport. 
B)  osmosis. 
C)  cotransport with sodium ions. 
D)  cotransport with bicarbonate ions. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  active transport. 
B)  osmosis. 
C)  cotransport with sodium ions. 
D)  cotransport with bicarbonate ions. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 12

Differences in water permeability among tissues are related to the presence or absence of proteins called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Differences in water permeability among tissues are...

Question 13

Na+ and Cl- are actively transported out of the tubules to help set up the countercurrent multiplier. Sites of active Na+ and Cl- transport in the nephron are _______ and the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  Bowman's capsule; descending limb of the loop of Henle 
B)  the descending limb of the loop of Henle; ascending limb of the loop of Henle 
C)  the ascending limb of the loop of Henle; proximal tubule 
D)  the collecting duct; descending limb of the loop of Henle 
E)  the proximal tubule; ascending limb of the loop of Henle 
A)  Bowman's capsule; descending limb of the loop of Henle 
B)  the descending limb of the loop of Henle; ascending limb of the loop of Henle 
C)  the ascending limb of the loop of Henle; proximal tubule 
D)  the collecting duct; descending limb of the loop of Henle 
E)  the proximal tubule; ascending limb of the loop of Henle

Question 14

Tadpoles living in fresh water excrete nitrogenous wastes in the form of _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Tadpoles living in fresh water excrete nitrogenous...

Question 15

What is the origin of the term "flame cells" in Planaria?

Accepted Answer

A)  Early sailors used these animals as kindling because their high ion content makes them extremely flammable. 
B)  Their high level of salt excretion seems to irritate or inflame the tissue near the site of excretion. 
C)  The beating of cilia in these cells looks like a flickering flame. 
D)  The cells have yellow and orange striations that give the appearance of fire. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Early sailors used these animals as kindling because their high ion content makes them extremely flammable. 
B)  Their high level of salt excretion seems to irritate or inflame the tissue near the site of excretion. 
C)  The beating of cilia in these cells looks like a flickering flame. 
D)  The cells have yellow and orange striations that give the appearance of fire. 
E)  None of the above

Question 16

Valuable molecules such as glucose, amino acids, and vitamins are reabsorbed into the blood at which location in the nephron?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bowman's capsule 
B)  Collecting duct 
C)  Glomerulus 
D)  Loop of Henle 
E)  Proximal convoluted tubule 
A)  Bowman's capsule 
B)  Collecting duct 
C)  Glomerulus 
D)  Loop of Henle 
E)  Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 17

The human kidneys filter about 180 liters of blood per day and produce about 2-3 liters of urine per day. Therefore, the percentage of urine (fluid volume) is about _______.

Accepted Answer

1-2 perce

Question 18

Terrestrial animals must detoxify ammonia by converting it to

Accepted Answer

A)  urea only. 
B)  ammonium only. 
C)  uric acid only. 
D)  urea and uric acid. 
E)  urea, ammonium, and uric acid. 
A)  urea only. 
B)  ammonium only. 
C)  uric acid only. 
D)  urea and uric acid. 
E)  urea, ammonium, and uric acid.

Question 19

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the correct system or structure from the list below with each description that follows.  
-Annelid excretory system that has ciliated openings (called nephrostomes) in the coelom, which lead to a tubule that opens to the outside of the animal

Accepted Answer

A)  Protonephridia 
B)  Metanephridia 
C)  Malpighian tubules 
D)  Nephron 
E)  Aquaporin 
A)  Protonephridia 
B)  Metanephridia 
C)  Malpighian tubules 
D)  Nephron 
E)  Aquaporin

Question 20

The cells lining the proximal convoluted tubule have numerous microvilli and mitochondria. This indicates that these cells

Accepted Answer

A)  are engaged in the rapid diffusion of water. 
B)  carry out active transport. 
C)  store salts. 
D)  produce urea. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  are engaged in the rapid diffusion of water. 
B)  carry out active transport. 
C)  store salts. 
D)  produce urea. 
E)  None of the above

Exam 52: Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen

The Malpighian tubules of insects conserve water and excrete _______.

The terms "ammonotelic," "ureotelic," and "uricotelic" describe

Antidiuretic hormone secretion increases when the hypothalamus is stimulated by

Which structure is located in the cortex of the kidney?

Use the following to answer questions: Match the correct system or structure from the list below with each description that follows. -Excretory system that actively transports uric acid and ions into blind tubules; found in insects and most terrestrial arthropods

Use the following to answer questions: Match the appropriate anatomical feature from the list below with each description that follows. There may be more than one correct answer. -Feature whose length is related to the potential maximum urine concentration

Which of the following statements about the human kidney is true?

Based on your knowledge of how the nephron works, explain why mammals produce concentrated urine whereas reptiles cannot.

The excretory systems of earthworms and humans share many characteristics. List a few of the ways in which the excretory systems are similar in form and function.

In adult humans, urination is controlled by

The sole mechanism for water reabsorption by the renal tubules is

Differences in water permeability among tissues are related to the presence or absence of proteins called _______.

Na+ and Cl- are actively transported out of the tubules to help set up the countercurrent multiplier. Sites of active Na+ and Cl- transport in the nephron are _______ and the _______.

Tadpoles living in fresh water excrete nitrogenous wastes in the form of _______.

What is the origin of the term "flame cells" in Planaria?

Valuable molecules such as glucose, amino acids, and vitamins are reabsorbed into the blood at which location in the nephron?

The human kidneys filter about 180 liters of blood per day and produce about 2-3 liters of urine per day. Therefore, the percentage of urine (fluid volume) is about _______.

Terrestrial animals must detoxify ammonia by converting it to

Use the following to answer questions: Match the correct system or structure from the list below with each description that follows. -Annelid excretory system that has ciliated openings (called nephrostomes) in the coelom, which lead to a tubule that opens to the outside of the animal

The cells lining the proximal convoluted tubule have numerous microvilli and mitochondria. This indicates that these cells

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling and Communication

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinent Dna and Biotechnology

Differential Gene Expression in Development

Development and Evolutionary Change

Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Species and Their Formation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Function

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Animal Behavior

Ecology and the Distribution of Life

Population Ecology

Species Interaction and Coevolution

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Conservation Biology

Filters

Na⁺ and Cl^- are actively transported out of the tubules to help set up the countercurrent multiplier. Sites of active Na⁺ and Cl^- transport in the nephron are _ and the _.