Question 1

As the glomerular filtrate passes through the renal tubule, about _______ percent is returned to the blood.

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  10 
C)  50 
D)  75 
E)  98 
A)  2 
B)  10 
C)  50 
D)  75 
E)  98

Question 2

Cartilaginous fishes maintain an osmotic concentration in their tissue fluids that matches that of seawater by

Accepted Answer

A)  excreting large amounts of water. 
B)  drinking large amounts of seawater. 
C)  concentrating seawater salts in their blood. 
D)  concentrating urea in their tissue fluids. 
E)  excreting salts at their gills. 
A)  excreting large amounts of water. 
B)  drinking large amounts of seawater. 
C)  concentrating seawater salts in their blood. 
D)  concentrating urea in their tissue fluids. 
E)  excreting salts at their gills.

Question 3

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the correct system or structure from the list below with each description that follows.  
-Type of excretory unit with flame cells; found in Planaria

Accepted Answer

A)  Protonephridia 
B)  Metanephridia 
C)  Malpighian tubules 
D)  Nephron 
E)  Aquaporin 
A)  Protonephridia 
B)  Metanephridia 
C)  Malpighian tubules 
D)  Nephron 
E)  Aquaporin

Question 4

Which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most marine invertebrates are osmoregulators. 
B)  All freshwater invertebrates are osmoconformers. 
C)  Marine bony and cartilaginous fishes have similar interstitial osmolarities. 
D)  Freshwater fishes are ionic regulators. 
E)  Marine mammals gain water osmotically. 
A)  Most marine invertebrates are osmoregulators. 
B)  All freshwater invertebrates are osmoconformers. 
C)  Marine bony and cartilaginous fishes have similar interstitial osmolarities. 
D)  Freshwater fishes are ionic regulators. 
E)  Marine mammals gain water osmotically.

Question 5

Use the following to answer questions

Refer to the diagram below to complete the statements about the mammalian nephron that follow.

-The urine would be most concentrated in the collecting duct next to letter _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use the following to answer questions

Refer...

Question 6

The metanephridia of annelids process

Accepted Answer

A)  water. 
B)  salts. 
C)  ammonia. 
D)  coelomic fluid. 
E)  uric acid. 
A)  water. 
B)  salts. 
C)  ammonia. 
D)  coelomic fluid. 
E)  uric acid.

Question 7

Refer to the diagram below of the vertebrate nephron. Which of the following descriptions is paired incorrectly with its location in the diagram?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 - Blood enters the glomerulus. 
B)  2 - Walls contain podocytes. 
C)  3 - Cells have numerous armlike extensions, each with hundreds of fingerlike processes covering capillaries. 
D)  4 - Brings material to the tubules that will be secreted into the urine. 
E)  5 - Transports final excretory product to the bladder. 
A)  1 - Blood enters the glomerulus. 
B)  2 - Walls contain podocytes. 
C)  3 - Cells have numerous armlike extensions, each with hundreds of fingerlike processes covering capillaries. 
D)  4 - Brings material to the tubules that will be secreted into the urine. 
E)  5 - Transports final excretory product to the bladder.

Question 8

The loops of Henle are considered to function as a countercurrent multiplier because

Accepted Answer

A)  ascending and descending limbs have different permeabilities. 
B)  the amount of water conserved is related to the length of the loop. 
C)  as urine flows in the loop, a concentration gradient is established in the medulla. 
D)  as urine flows in the loop, it becomes more concentrated in the nephron. 
E)  active transport in the ascending and descending limbs multiplies the concentration gradient. 
A)  ascending and descending limbs have different permeabilities. 
B)  the amount of water conserved is related to the length of the loop. 
C)  as urine flows in the loop, a concentration gradient is established in the medulla. 
D)  as urine flows in the loop, it becomes more concentrated in the nephron. 
E)  active transport in the ascending and descending limbs multiplies the concentration gradient.

Question 9

If the loop of Henle is functioning properly, it will perform all of the following functions except

Accepted Answer

A)  create a gradient of salt ions within the kidney medulla. 
B)  increase the countercurrent effects of the vasa recta. 
C)  enable further concentration of urine in the collecting ducts. 
D)  prevent excessive water loss from the body. 
E)  carry conserved fluid away from the nephron. 
A)  create a gradient of salt ions within the kidney medulla. 
B)  increase the countercurrent effects of the vasa recta. 
C)  enable further concentration of urine in the collecting ducts. 
D)  prevent excessive water loss from the body. 
E)  carry conserved fluid away from the nephron.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the function of excretory systems is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They help regulate osmotic potential and the volume of extracellular fluids. 
B)  They excrete molecules that are present in excess. 
C)  They conserve molecules that are valuable or in short supply. 
D)  They eliminate toxic waste products of phosphorus metabolism. 
E)  a, b, and c 
A)  They help regulate osmotic potential and the volume of extracellular fluids. 
B)  They excrete molecules that are present in excess. 
C)  They conserve molecules that are valuable or in short supply. 
D)  They eliminate toxic waste products of phosphorus metabolism. 
E)  a, b, and c

Question 11

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the correct physiological response from the list below with each situation that follows. 
-The human body's response to ingestion of much more than the recommended daily limit of salt (e.g., an entire bag of potato chips)

Accepted Answer

A)  Release of ADH from the posterior pituitary 
B)  Rise in blood osmolarity 
C)  Increased permeability of the collecting ducts in the kidney 
D)   Increased NaS1U1P12+S1S1P0 reabsorption stimulated by aldosterone 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Release of ADH from the posterior pituitary 
B)  Rise in blood osmolarity 
C)  Increased permeability of the collecting ducts in the kidney 
D)   Increased NaS1U1P12+S1S1P0 reabsorption stimulated by aldosterone 
E)  All of the above

Question 12

Which of the following animals is most likely to excrete mainly urea or uric acid instead of ammonia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Freshwater fishes 
B)  Saltwater fishes 
C)  Tadpoles 
D)  Shrimp 
E)  Gulls 
A)  Freshwater fishes 
B)  Saltwater fishes 
C)  Tadpoles 
D)  Shrimp 
E)  Gulls

Question 13

A regulatory enzyme released by the kidney called renin initiates the conversion of a circulating protein into an active hormone called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A regulatory enzyme released by the kidney...

Question 14

Of the fluid that is filtered into Bowman's capsule, _______ percent is reabsorbed into the blood within the kidney.

Accepted Answer

A)  less than 5 
B)  about 25 
C)  about 50 
D)  about 75 
E)  more than 95 
A)  less than 5 
B)  about 25 
C)  about 50 
D)  about 75 
E)  more than 95

Question 15

Terrestrial animals do not excrete nitrogen as ammonia because

Accepted Answer

A)  it takes more energy to convert nitrogen to ammonia than it does to convert nitrogen to urea. 
B)  they would lose necessary salts by excreting ammonia. 
C)  ammonia is very toxic to terrestrial animals. 
D)  ammonia is not stable and is quickly converted to urea. 
E)  ammonia is insoluble in water and cannot be excreted as urine. 
A)  it takes more energy to convert nitrogen to ammonia than it does to convert nitrogen to urea. 
B)  they would lose necessary salts by excreting ammonia. 
C)  ammonia is very toxic to terrestrial animals. 
D)  ammonia is not stable and is quickly converted to urea. 
E)  ammonia is insoluble in water and cannot be excreted as urine.

Question 16

Coelomic fluid in the earthworm contains nitrogenous waste, which enters the metanephridium for processing by the action of _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Coelomic fluid in the earthworm contains nitrogenous...

Question 17

Marine birds excrete salt

Accepted Answer

A)  through their urine output. 
B)  through nasal salt glands. 
C)  from their eyes. 
D)  from special glands near the cloaca. 
E)  through pores in the wings. 
A)  through their urine output. 
B)  through nasal salt glands. 
C)  from their eyes. 
D)  from special glands near the cloaca. 
E)  through pores in the wings.

Question 18

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the correct system or structure from the list below with each description that follows.  
-Amphibian excretory system in which capillary beds come into close contact with podocytes, where the transfer of water and small molecules takes place

Accepted Answer

A)  Protonephridia 
B)  Metanephridia 
C)  Malpighian tubules 
D)  Nephron 
E)  Aquaporin 
A)  Protonephridia 
B)  Metanephridia 
C)  Malpighian tubules 
D)  Nephron 
E)  Aquaporin

Question 19

What is the human body's response to the effects of food poisoning (i.e., vomiting and diarrhea)?

Accepted Answer

A)  The release of ADH from the posterior pituitary 
B)  A rise in blood osmolarity 
C)  The collecting ducts in the kidney increase their permeability 
D)  Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is released by the heart 
E)  All of the above 
A)  The release of ADH from the posterior pituitary 
B)  A rise in blood osmolarity 
C)  The collecting ducts in the kidney increase their permeability 
D)  Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is released by the heart 
E)  All of the above

Question 20

In order to maintain homeostasis, a marine bony fish

Accepted Answer

A)  excretes only small amounts of water and pumps sodium out of its body at the gills. 
B)  excretes large amounts of water and pumps sodium into its body. 
C)  converts nitrogenous wastes to urea. 
D)  excretes uric acid. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  excretes only small amounts of water and pumps sodium out of its body at the gills. 
B)  excretes large amounts of water and pumps sodium into its body. 
C)  converts nitrogenous wastes to urea. 
D)  excretes uric acid. 
E)  None of the above

Exam 52: Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen

As the glomerular filtrate passes through the renal tubule, about _______ percent is returned to the blood.

Cartilaginous fishes maintain an osmotic concentration in their tissue fluids that matches that of seawater by

Use the following to answer questions: Match the correct system or structure from the list below with each description that follows. -Type of excretory unit with flame cells; found in Planaria

Which statement is true?

Use the following to answer questions Refer to the diagram below to complete the statements about the mammalian nephron that follow. -The urine would be most concentrated in the collecting duct next to letter _______.

The metanephridia of annelids process

Refer to the diagram below of the vertebrate nephron. Which of the following descriptions is paired incorrectly with its location in the diagram?

The loops of Henle are considered to function as a countercurrent multiplier because

If the loop of Henle is functioning properly, it will perform all of the following functions except

Which of the following statements about the function of excretory systems is true?

Use the following to answer questions: Match the correct physiological response from the list below with each situation that follows. -The human body's response to ingestion of much more than the recommended daily limit of salt (e.g., an entire bag of potato chips)

Which of the following animals is most likely to excrete mainly urea or uric acid instead of ammonia?

A regulatory enzyme released by the kidney called renin initiates the conversion of a circulating protein into an active hormone called _______.

Of the fluid that is filtered into Bowman's capsule, _______ percent is reabsorbed into the blood within the kidney.

Terrestrial animals do not excrete nitrogen as ammonia because

Coelomic fluid in the earthworm contains nitrogenous waste, which enters the metanephridium for processing by the action of _______.

Marine birds excrete salt

Use the following to answer questions: Match the correct system or structure from the list below with each description that follows. -Amphibian excretory system in which capillary beds come into close contact with podocytes, where the transfer of water and small molecules takes place

What is the human body's response to the effects of food poisoning (i.e., vomiting and diarrhea)?

In order to maintain homeostasis, a marine bony fish

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