Question 1

Marine invertebrates in which the salinity of body fluids changes with the osmotic potential of their environments are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  osmoconformers. 
B)  osmoregulators. 
C)  osmoexcretors. 
D)  hypotonic. 
E)  hypertonic. 
A)  osmoconformers. 
B)  osmoregulators. 
C)  osmoexcretors. 
D)  hypotonic. 
E)  hypertonic.

Question 2

Use the following to answer questions

Refer to the diagram below to complete the statements about the mammalian nephron that follow.

-Most of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed into the blood in peritubular capillaries next to letter _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use the following to answer questions

Refer...

Question 3

Which of the following substances is the least soluble in water?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ammonia 
B)  Uric acid 
C)  Urea 
D)  Sodium chloride 
E)  Amino acids 
A)  Ammonia 
B)  Uric acid 
C)  Urea 
D)  Sodium chloride 
E)  Amino acids

Question 4

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the appropriate anatomical feature from the list below with each description that follows. There may be more than one correct answer.
-Located principally within the medulla

Accepted Answer

A) Renal pyramids 
B) Proximal convoluted tubule 
C) Distal convoluted tubule 
D) Loop of Henle 
E) Collecting duct 
A) Renal pyramids 
B) Proximal convoluted tubule 
C) Distal convoluted tubule 
D) Loop of Henle 
E) Collecting duct

Question 5

The functional unit of the kidney is

Accepted Answer

A)  Bowman's capsule. 
B)  a capillary. 
C)  the glomerulus. 
D)  the nephron. 
E)  the renal tubule. 
A)  Bowman's capsule. 
B)  a capillary. 
C)  the glomerulus. 
D)  the nephron. 
E)  the renal tubule.

Question 6

Blood enters a nephron's vascular component by way of the

Accepted Answer

A)  peritubular capillaries. 
B)  glomerulus. 
C)  efferent arteriole. 
D)  afferent arteriole. 
E)  renal vein. 
A)  peritubular capillaries. 
B)  glomerulus. 
C)  efferent arteriole. 
D)  afferent arteriole. 
E)  renal vein.

Question 7

Which of the following is not a normal constituent of the glomerular filtrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Red blood cells 
B)  Urea 
C)  Sodium ion 
D)  Glucose 
E)  Amino acids 
A)  Red blood cells 
B)  Urea 
C)  Sodium ion 
D)  Glucose 
E)  Amino acids

Question 8

Organisms living in a freshwater environment normally

Accepted Answer

A)  excrete copious amounts of dilute urine and retain salts. 
B)  excrete a small volume of dilute urine and retain salts. 
C)  excrete copious amounts of concentrated urine. 
D)  excrete small amounts of concentrated urine. 
E)  conserve both water and salts. 
A)  excrete copious amounts of dilute urine and retain salts. 
B)  excrete a small volume of dilute urine and retain salts. 
C)  excrete copious amounts of concentrated urine. 
D)  excrete small amounts of concentrated urine. 
E)  conserve both water and salts.

Question 9

Which of the following structures is found in the inner medulla of the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bowman's capsule 
B)  Proximal convoluted tubule 
C)  Glomerulus 
D)  Loop of Henle 
E)  Both a and d 
A)  Bowman's capsule 
B)  Proximal convoluted tubule 
C)  Glomerulus 
D)  Loop of Henle 
E)  Both a and d

Question 10

Mechanisms for the active transport of water

Accepted Answer

A)  are widespread throughout the animal kingdom. 
B)  rely on the sodium-potassium pump. 
C)  are regulated by nerve ganglia on the heart. 
D)  are controlled by the hormone hydrokinesia. 
E)  do not exist; the transport of water is accomplished by pressure differences or by osmosis. 
A)  are widespread throughout the animal kingdom. 
B)  rely on the sodium-potassium pump. 
C)  are regulated by nerve ganglia on the heart. 
D)  are controlled by the hormone hydrokinesia. 
E)  do not exist; the transport of water is accomplished by pressure differences or by osmosis.

Question 11

In addition to producing water and carbon dioxide, the metabolism of proteins and nucleic acids produces nitrogenous waste, most frequently in the form of _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In addition to producing water and carbon...

Question 12

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of the passage of urine from the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  Renal pyramid, ureter, bladder, rectal gland, urethra 
B)  Ureter, renal pyramid, rectal gland, bladder, urethra 
C)  Renal pyramid, urethra, bladder, ureter 
D)  Renal pyramid, ureter, bladder, urethra 
E)  Rectal gland, renal pyramid, ureter, bladder, urethra 
A)  Renal pyramid, ureter, bladder, rectal gland, urethra 
B)  Ureter, renal pyramid, rectal gland, bladder, urethra 
C)  Renal pyramid, urethra, bladder, ureter 
D)  Renal pyramid, ureter, bladder, urethra 
E)  Rectal gland, renal pyramid, ureter, bladder, urethra

Question 13

Birds conserve water by excreting nitrogenous wastes as uric acid, which means that they are _______ organisms.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Birds conserve water by excreting nitrogenous wastes...

Question 14

A normal kidney has several _______ mechanisms, which ensure adequate blood supply and blood pressure for kidney function regardless of what is happening elsewhere in the body.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A normal kidney has several _______ mechanisms,...

Question 15

Which of the following molecules is most toxic to cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Water 
B)  Sodium chloride 
C)  Ammonia 
D)  Urea 
E)  Uric acid 
A)  Water 
B)  Sodium chloride 
C)  Ammonia 
D)  Urea 
E)  Uric acid

Question 16

Excretory organs maintain the _______ and the volume of the extracellular fluids, and eliminate the waste products of nitrogen metabolism.

Accepted Answer

A)  osmolarity 
B)  uric acid 
C)  ammonia 
D)  nitrogen 
E)  All of the above 
A)  osmolarity 
B)  uric acid 
C)  ammonia 
D)  nitrogen 
E)  All of the above

Question 17

Which of the following is not a water conservation adaptation of reptiles?

Accepted Answer

A)  Scaly skin 
B)  Excretion of uric acid 
C)  Shelled eggs 
D)  Internal fertilization of gametes 
E)  Excretion of salts 
A)  Scaly skin 
B)  Excretion of uric acid 
C)  Shelled eggs 
D)  Internal fertilization of gametes 
E)  Excretion of salts

Question 18

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the correct system or structure from the list below with each description that follows.  
-Excretory system containing cilia; found in flatworms

Accepted Answer

A)  Protonephridia 
B)  Metanephridia 
C)  Malpighian tubules 
D)  Nephron 
E)  Aquaporin 
A)  Protonephridia 
B)  Metanephridia 
C)  Malpighian tubules 
D)  Nephron 
E)  Aquaporin

Question 19

Which of the following are not found in a renal pyramid?

Accepted Answer

A)  Collecting ducts 
B)  Vasa recta 
C)  Peritubular capillaries 
D)  Convoluted tubules 
E)  Loops of Henle 
A)  Collecting ducts 
B)  Vasa recta 
C)  Peritubular capillaries 
D)  Convoluted tubules 
E)  Loops of Henle

Question 20

Salts and water are reabsorbed in the _______, with the renal filtrate becoming more concentrated.

Accepted Answer

A)  loop of Henle 
B)  glomeruli 
C)  renal tubules 
D)  proximal convoluted tubule 
E)  distal convoluted tubule 
A)  loop of Henle 
B)  glomeruli 
C)  renal tubules 
D)  proximal convoluted tubule 
E)  distal convoluted tubule

Exam 52: Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen

Marine invertebrates in which the salinity of body fluids changes with the osmotic potential of their environments are known as

Use the following to answer questions Refer to the diagram below to complete the statements about the mammalian nephron that follow. -Most of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed into the blood in peritubular capillaries next to letter _______.

Which of the following substances is the least soluble in water?

Use the following to answer questions: Match the appropriate anatomical feature from the list below with each description that follows. There may be more than one correct answer. -Located principally within the medulla

The functional unit of the kidney is

Blood enters a nephron's vascular component by way of the

Which of the following is not a normal constituent of the glomerular filtrate?

Organisms living in a freshwater environment normally

Which of the following structures is found in the inner medulla of the kidney?

Mechanisms for the active transport of water

In addition to producing water and carbon dioxide, the metabolism of proteins and nucleic acids produces nitrogenous waste, most frequently in the form of _______.

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of the passage of urine from the kidney?

Birds conserve water by excreting nitrogenous wastes as uric acid, which means that they are _______ organisms.

A normal kidney has several _______ mechanisms, which ensure adequate blood supply and blood pressure for kidney function regardless of what is happening elsewhere in the body.

Which of the following molecules is most toxic to cells?

Excretory organs maintain the _______ and the volume of the extracellular fluids, and eliminate the waste products of nitrogen metabolism.

Which of the following is not a water conservation adaptation of reptiles?

Use the following to answer questions: Match the correct system or structure from the list below with each description that follows. -Excretory system containing cilia; found in flatworms

Which of the following are not found in a renal pyramid?

Salts and water are reabsorbed in the _______, with the renal filtrate becoming more concentrated.

Studying Life

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Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

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Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

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Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

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Recombinent Dna and Biotechnology

Differential Gene Expression in Development

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Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

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The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Function

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