Question 1

Osmoreceptors in the brain detect changes in blood ion concentration that can result reflexively in _______ by the kidneys.

Accepted Answer

A)  water retention 
B)  water loss 
C)  ion retention 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  water retention 
B)  water loss 
C)  ion retention 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above

Question 2

Marine bony fishes actively excrete salt from their kidneys and gills, and nitrogenous wastes are lost as ammonia from their _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Marine bony fishes actively excrete salt from...

Question 3

Use the following to answer questions

Refer to the diagram below to complete the statements about the mammalian nephron that follow.

-The osmolarity of the filtrate next to letters _______ is similar to the osmolarity of blood plasma.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use the following to answer questions

Refer...

Question 4

The _______ of Bowman's capsule are in direct contact with the glomerular capillaries.

Accepted Answer

A)  leukocytes 
B)  podocytes 
C)  tubules 
D)  collecting duct 
E)  medulla 
A)  leukocytes 
B)  podocytes 
C)  tubules 
D)  collecting duct 
E)  medulla

Question 5

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the appropriate anatomical feature from the list below with each description that follows. There may be more than one correct answer.
-Make(s) up the internal core of the medulla

Accepted Answer

A) Renal pyramids 
B) Proximal convoluted tubule 
C) Distal convoluted tubule 
D) Loop of Henle 
E) Collecting duct 
A) Renal pyramids 
B) Proximal convoluted tubule 
C) Distal convoluted tubule 
D) Loop of Henle 
E) Collecting duct

Question 6

Several hormones help regulate water and solute uptake and release in the nephron. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) promotes _______ in response to _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  active transport of Cl-; increased solute concentration 
B)  active transport of Na+; increased blood pressure 
C)  increased permeability of the collecting duct to water; decreased blood pressure 
D)  decreased permeability of the collecting duct to water; increased solute concentration 
E)  decreased permeability of the collecting duct to water; decreased blood pressure 
A)  active transport of Cl-; increased solute concentration 
B)  active transport of Na+; increased blood pressure 
C)  increased permeability of the collecting duct to water; decreased blood pressure 
D)  decreased permeability of the collecting duct to water; increased solute concentration 
E)  decreased permeability of the collecting duct to water; decreased blood pressure

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the excretory system of insects is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Active transport moves materials from the coelomic fluid into the Malpighian tubules. 
B)  The Malpighian tubules can produce a highly con­centrated urea solution, allowing insects to inhabit some of Earth's driest habitats. 
C)  Reabsorption of salts takes place mostly in the gut. 
D)  Water reabsorption takes place by osmotic movement only. 
E)  Insects excrete urea. 
A)  Active transport moves materials from the coelomic fluid into the Malpighian tubules. 
B)  The Malpighian tubules can produce a highly con­centrated urea solution, allowing insects to inhabit some of Earth's driest habitats. 
C)  Reabsorption of salts takes place mostly in the gut. 
D)  Water reabsorption takes place by osmotic movement only. 
E)  Insects excrete urea.

Question 8

Use the following to answer questions

Refer to the diagram below to complete the statements about the mammalian nephron that follow.

-The NaCl concentration in the extracellular fluid would be greatest in the area of letter _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use the following to answer questions

Refer...

Question 9

Which of the following molecules contains the most nitrogen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ammonia 
B)  Uric acid 
C)  Urea 
D)  Both b and c 
E)  All have the same amount. 
A)  Ammonia 
B)  Uric acid 
C)  Urea 
D)  Both b and c 
E)  All have the same amount.

Question 10

The consumption of beer, which inhibits ADH production because of its ethyl alcohol content, stimulates the kidney to produce

Accepted Answer

A)  copious amounts of concentrated urine. 
B)  a small volume of concentrated urine. 
C)  a small volume of dilute urine. 
D)  copious amounts of dilute urine. 
E)  Either a or c 
A)  copious amounts of concentrated urine. 
B)  a small volume of concentrated urine. 
C)  a small volume of dilute urine. 
D)  copious amounts of dilute urine. 
E)  Either a or c

Question 11

Ammonia and urea are waste products derived from the metabolic breakdown of

Accepted Answer

A)  carbohydrates. 
B)  lipids. 
C)  sugars. 
D)  proteins. 
E)  salts. 
A)  carbohydrates. 
B)  lipids. 
C)  sugars. 
D)  proteins. 
E)  salts.

Question 12

Use the following to answer questions:
Refer to the diagram below of the mammalian nephron.  
-Which of the following descriptions is paired correctly with its location in the diagram?
A) 2 - The composition of the filtrate is most like that of plasma in the adjacent tubule.
B) 2 - The osmolarity of the filtrate is similar to that of the plasma in the adjacent tubule.
C) 3 - The sodium chloride concentration of the interstitial fluid is highest adjacent to this structure.
D) 4 - The osmolarity of the sodium chloride concentration is similar to that of the plasma in the adjacent tubule.
E) 6 - The urine is most concentrated in the adjacent tubule.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use the following to answer questions:
Refer to...

Question 13

The brine shrimp Artemia

Accepted Answer

A)  is an osmoconformer. 
B)  is an osmoregulator. 
C)  lives entirely in fresh water. 
D)  is known for having the lowest recorded body salinity. 
E)  Both a and b 
A)  is an osmoconformer. 
B)  is an osmoregulator. 
C)  lives entirely in fresh water. 
D)  is known for having the lowest recorded body salinity. 
E)  Both a and b

Question 14

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the appropriate anatomical feature from the list below with each description that follows. There may be more than one correct answer.
-Location(s) of microvilli

Accepted Answer

A) Renal pyramids 
B) Proximal convoluted tubule 
C) Distal convoluted tubule 
D) Loop of Henle 
E) Collecting duct 
A) Renal pyramids 
B) Proximal convoluted tubule 
C) Distal convoluted tubule 
D) Loop of Henle 
E) Collecting duct

Question 15

Considering that marine bony fish cannot excrete excess salt in their urine, how do they deal with the salt loads from ingested food?

Accepted Answer

A)  Their guts do not absorb some of the ions they take in, especially divalent ions such as Mg2+or SO42-. 
B)  NaCl, the major salt ingested, is excreted across the gill membranes. 
C)  They do not take in much salt. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Their guts do not absorb some of the ions they take in, especially divalent ions such as Mg2+or SO42-. 
B)  NaCl, the major salt ingested, is excreted across the gill membranes. 
C)  They do not take in much salt. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  All of the above

Question 16

The extracellular fluids in our bodies

Accepted Answer

A)  have the same composition as seawater. 
B)  have a much higher osmotic concentration than fluids in cells have. 
C)  contain no proteins. 
D)  have a fixed water concentration. 
E)  can supply water and nutrients to cells. 
A)  have the same composition as seawater. 
B)  have a much higher osmotic concentration than fluids in cells have. 
C)  contain no proteins. 
D)  have a fixed water concentration. 
E)  can supply water and nutrients to cells.

Question 17

Which of the following is not part of a nephron?

Accepted Answer

A)  Podocyte 
B)  Flame cell 
C)  Renal corpuscle 
D)  Glomerulus 
E)  Bowman's capsule 
A)  Podocyte 
B)  Flame cell 
C)  Renal corpuscle 
D)  Glomerulus 
E)  Bowman's capsule

Question 18

Use the following to answer questions:
Refer to the diagram below of the mammalian nephron.  
-Which of the following descriptions is paired correctly with its location in the diagram?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 - Cells in the adjacent tubule actively transport sodium chloride. 
B)  3 - The adjacent tubule is impermeable to water. 
C)  4 - Permeability of adjacent tubule to water is regulated by ADH. 
D)  5 - Sodium and chloride ions exit the adjacent tubule by diffusion. 
E)  7 - ADH reduces the number of active aquaporins in the adjacent tubule. 
A)  2 - Cells in the adjacent tubule actively transport sodium chloride. 
B)  3 - The adjacent tubule is impermeable to water. 
C)  4 - Permeability of adjacent tubule to water is regulated by ADH. 
D)  5 - Sodium and chloride ions exit the adjacent tubule by diffusion. 
E)  7 - ADH reduces the number of active aquaporins in the adjacent tubule.

Question 19

Excretory systems control the _______ of the extracellular fluids of animals.

Accepted Answer

A)  volume 
B)  concentration 
C)  composition 
D)  temperature 
E)  a, b, and c 
A)  volume 
B)  concentration 
C)  composition 
D)  temperature 
E)  a, b, and c

Question 20

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the appropriate anatomical feature from the list below with each description that follows. There may be more than one correct answer.
-Function(s) as a countercurrent multiplier system

Accepted Answer

A) Renal pyramids 
B) Proximal convoluted tubule 
C) Distal convoluted tubule 
D) Loop of Henle 
E) Collecting duct 
A) Renal pyramids 
B) Proximal convoluted tubule 
C) Distal convoluted tubule 
D) Loop of Henle 
E) Collecting duct

Exam 52: Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen

Osmoreceptors in the brain detect changes in blood ion concentration that can result reflexively in _______ by the kidneys.

Marine bony fishes actively excrete salt from their kidneys and gills, and nitrogenous wastes are lost as ammonia from their _______.

Use the following to answer questions Refer to the diagram below to complete the statements about the mammalian nephron that follow. -The osmolarity of the filtrate next to letters _______ is similar to the osmolarity of blood plasma.

The _______ of Bowman's capsule are in direct contact with the glomerular capillaries.

Use the following to answer questions: Match the appropriate anatomical feature from the list below with each description that follows. There may be more than one correct answer. -Make(s) up the internal core of the medulla

Several hormones help regulate water and solute uptake and release in the nephron. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) promotes _______ in response to _______.

Which of the following statements about the excretory system of insects is false?

Use the following to answer questions Refer to the diagram below to complete the statements about the mammalian nephron that follow. -The NaCl concentration in the extracellular fluid would be greatest in the area of letter _______.

Which of the following molecules contains the most nitrogen?

The consumption of beer, which inhibits ADH production because of its ethyl alcohol content, stimulates the kidney to produce

Ammonia and urea are waste products derived from the metabolic breakdown of

The brine shrimp Artemia

Use the following to answer questions: Match the appropriate anatomical feature from the list below with each description that follows. There may be more than one correct answer. -Location(s) of microvilli

Considering that marine bony fish cannot excrete excess salt in their urine, how do they deal with the salt loads from ingested food?

The extracellular fluids in our bodies

Which of the following is not part of a nephron?

Use the following to answer questions: Refer to the diagram below of the mammalian nephron. -Which of the following descriptions is paired correctly with its location in the diagram?

Excretory systems control the _______ of the extracellular fluids of animals.

Use the following to answer questions: Match the appropriate anatomical feature from the list below with each description that follows. There may be more than one correct answer. -Function(s) as a countercurrent multiplier system

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Several hormones help regulate water and solute uptake and release in the nephron. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) promotes _ in response to _.