Question 1

Which of the following would not be a response stimulated by a large drop in blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Constriction of afferent renal arterioles 
B)  Increased release of renin 
C)  Increased release of antidiuretic hormone 
D)  Increased thirst 
E)  Constriction of efferent renal arterioles 
A)  Constriction of afferent renal arterioles 
B)  Increased release of renin 
C)  Increased release of antidiuretic hormone 
D)  Increased thirst 
E)  Constriction of efferent renal arterioles

Question 2

Tadpoles excrete nitrogenous waste using

Accepted Answer

A)  true nephrons. 
B)  nephrostomes and nephridiopores. 
C)  Malpighian tubules. 
D)  gills which allow the excretion of ammonia. 
E)  flame cells and excretory tubules. 
A)  true nephrons. 
B)  nephrostomes and nephridiopores. 
C)  Malpighian tubules. 
D)  gills which allow the excretion of ammonia. 
E)  flame cells and excretory tubules.

Question 3

How are earthworm metanephridia like mammalian nephrons?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both process coelomic fluid. 
B)  Both take in fluid through a ciliated opening. 
C)  Both produce urine more concentrated than the blood. 
D)  Both employ tubular secretion and reabsorption to control urine composition. 
E)  Both involve a countercurrent multiplier effect. 
A)  Both process coelomic fluid. 
B)  Both take in fluid through a ciliated opening. 
C)  Both produce urine more concentrated than the blood. 
D)  Both employ tubular secretion and reabsorption to control urine composition. 
E)  Both involve a countercurrent multiplier effect.

Question 4

The movement of water across cell plasma membranes depends on differences in

Accepted Answer

A)  solvent concentrations only. 
B)  urea only. 
C)  solute concentrations only. 
D)  solvent concentrations and urea. 
E)  solute and solvent concentrations, and urea. 
A)  solvent concentrations only. 
B)  urea only. 
C)  solute concentrations only. 
D)  solvent concentrations and urea. 
E)  solute and solvent concentrations, and urea.

Question 5

The protonephridia of flatworms consist of

Accepted Answer

A)  true nephrons. 
B)  nephrostomes and nephridiopores. 
C)  Malpighian tubules. 
D)  gills, which allow the excretion of ammonia. 
E)  flame cells and excretory tubules. 
A)  true nephrons. 
B)  nephrostomes and nephridiopores. 
C)  Malpighian tubules. 
D)  gills, which allow the excretion of ammonia. 
E)  flame cells and excretory tubules.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about angiotensin is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It constricts the efferent renal arteries. 
B)  It stimulates thirst. 
C)  It leads to release of aldosterone. 
D)  It leads to decreased central blood pressure. 
E)  It constricts peripheral blood vessels throughout the body. 
A)  It constricts the efferent renal arteries. 
B)  It stimulates thirst. 
C)  It leads to release of aldosterone. 
D)  It leads to decreased central blood pressure. 
E)  It constricts peripheral blood vessels throughout the body.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about Malpighian tubules is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They make up the excretory system of insects. 
B)  An individual may have from 2 to 100 Malpighian tubules. 
C)  They empty into the gut. 
D)  They filter nitrogenous wastes by means of a pressure gradient. 
E)  They rely on active transport. 
A)  They make up the excretory system of insects. 
B)  An individual may have from 2 to 100 Malpighian tubules. 
C)  They empty into the gut. 
D)  They filter nitrogenous wastes by means of a pressure gradient. 
E)  They rely on active transport.

Question 8

Marine bony fishes acquire excess salt when they drink seawater. They handle this salt load by

Accepted Answer

A)  producing very dilute urine. 
B)  producing very little urine. 
C)  excreting ions from gills. 
D)  not absorbing some ions from the gut. 
E)  b, c, and d 
A)  producing very dilute urine. 
B)  producing very little urine. 
C)  excreting ions from gills. 
D)  not absorbing some ions from the gut. 
E)  b, c, and d

Question 9

Besides regulating salt and water balance and excreting nitrogenous wastes, the kidneys' other important role is

Accepted Answer

A)  regulating the pH of the blood. 
B)  regulating blood sugar. 
C)  regulating amino acid uptake. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  All of the above 
A)  regulating the pH of the blood. 
B)  regulating blood sugar. 
C)  regulating amino acid uptake. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  All of the above

Question 10

Which of the following operates by filtering fluids into a tube, and then secreting or reabsorbing specific substances?

Accepted Answer

A)  Flame cells of flatworms 
B)  Metanephridia of annelid worms 
C)  Malpighian tubules of insects 
D)  Vertebrate nephrons 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Flame cells of flatworms 
B)  Metanephridia of annelid worms 
C)  Malpighian tubules of insects 
D)  Vertebrate nephrons 
E)  All of the above

Question 11

The glomerulus is a dense knot of thin-walled _______ in the nephron of the vertebrate kidney.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The glomerulus is a dense knot of...

Question 12

The insect excretory system consists of

Accepted Answer

A)  true nephrons. 
B)  nephrostomes and nephridiopores. 
C)  Malpighian tubules. 
D)  gills, which allow the excretion of ammonia. 
E)  flame cells and excretory tubules. 
A)  true nephrons. 
B)  nephrostomes and nephridiopores. 
C)  Malpighian tubules. 
D)  gills, which allow the excretion of ammonia. 
E)  flame cells and excretory tubules.

Question 13

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the correct physiological response from the list below with each situation that follows. 
-The human body's response to dehydration

Accepted Answer

A)  Release of ADH from the posterior pituitary 
B)  Rise in blood osmolarity 
C)  Increased permeability of the collecting ducts in the kidney 
D)   Increased NaS1U1P12+S1S1P0 reabsorption stimulated by aldosterone 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Release of ADH from the posterior pituitary 
B)  Rise in blood osmolarity 
C)  Increased permeability of the collecting ducts in the kidney 
D)   Increased NaS1U1P12+S1S1P0 reabsorption stimulated by aldosterone 
E)  All of the above

Question 14

Which statement about angiotensin is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is secreted by the kidney when the glomerular filtration rate falls. 
B)  It is released by the posterior pituitary when blood pressure falls. 
C)  It stimulates thirst. 
D)  It increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water. 
E)  It decreases glomerular filtration rate when blood pressure rises. 
A)  It is secreted by the kidney when the glomerular filtration rate falls. 
B)  It is released by the posterior pituitary when blood pressure falls. 
C)  It stimulates thirst. 
D)  It increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water. 
E)  It decreases glomerular filtration rate when blood pressure rises.

Question 15

Organisms whose tissue fluids can have the same osmolarity as the environment are called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Organisms whose tissue fluids can have the...

Question 16

The brine shrimp Artemia can live in an extremely high saline environment because it

Accepted Answer

A)  moves salt across its gill membranes by means of active transport. 
B)  moves water across its gill membranes by means of active transport. 
C)  excretes salts through its nasal salt glands. 
D)  osmoconforms with its surroundings. 
E)  excretes concentrated uric acid and therefore conserves water. 
A)  moves salt across its gill membranes by means of active transport. 
B)  moves water across its gill membranes by means of active transport. 
C)  excretes salts through its nasal salt glands. 
D)  osmoconforms with its surroundings. 
E)  excretes concentrated uric acid and therefore conserves water.

Question 17

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the correct system or structure from the list below with each description that follows.  
-Functional unit of the vertebrate excretory system

Accepted Answer

A)  Protonephridia 
B)  Metanephridia 
C)  Malpighian tubules 
D)  Nephron 
E)  Aquaporin 
A)  Protonephridia 
B)  Metanephridia 
C)  Malpighian tubules 
D)  Nephron 
E)  Aquaporin

Question 18

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the appropriate anatomical feature from the list below with each description that follows. There may be more than one correct answer.
-Feature(s) whose permeability is/are under the control of antidiuretic hormone

Accepted Answer

A) Renal pyramids 
B) Proximal convoluted tubule 
C) Distal convoluted tubule 
D) Loop of Henle 
E) Collecting duct 
A) Renal pyramids 
B) Proximal convoluted tubule 
C) Distal convoluted tubule 
D) Loop of Henle 
E) Collecting duct

Question 19

You have just eaten a large number of very salty potato chips, and the osmolarity of your blood has increased. What response will your body have in order to bring your blood osmolarity back to homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

In response to increased blood osmolarit

Question 20

Sharks and rays secrete salt from their _______ gland.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sharks and rays secrete salt from their...

Exam 52: Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen

Which of the following would not be a response stimulated by a large drop in blood pressure?

Tadpoles excrete nitrogenous waste using

How are earthworm metanephridia like mammalian nephrons?

The movement of water across cell plasma membranes depends on differences in

The protonephridia of flatworms consist of

Which of the following statements about angiotensin is false?

Which of the following statements about Malpighian tubules is false?

Marine bony fishes acquire excess salt when they drink seawater. They handle this salt load by

Besides regulating salt and water balance and excreting nitrogenous wastes, the kidneys' other important role is

Which of the following operates by filtering fluids into a tube, and then secreting or reabsorbing specific substances?

The glomerulus is a dense knot of thin-walled _______ in the nephron of the vertebrate kidney.

The insect excretory system consists of

Use the following to answer questions: Match the correct physiological response from the list below with each situation that follows. -The human body's response to dehydration

Which statement about angiotensin is true?

Organisms whose tissue fluids can have the same osmolarity as the environment are called _______.

The brine shrimp Artemia can live in an extremely high saline environment because it

Use the following to answer questions: Match the correct system or structure from the list below with each description that follows. -Functional unit of the vertebrate excretory system

Use the following to answer questions: Match the appropriate anatomical feature from the list below with each description that follows. There may be more than one correct answer. -Feature(s) whose permeability is/are under the control of antidiuretic hormone

You have just eaten a large number of very salty potato chips, and the osmolarity of your blood has increased. What response will your body have in order to bring your blood osmolarity back to homeostasis?

Sharks and rays secrete salt from their _______ gland.

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