Question 1

The hypothalamus controls the anterior pituitary by means of

Accepted Answer

A) releasing hormones. 
B) second messengers. 
C) third messengers. 
D) antibodies. 
E) cytokines. 
A) releasing hormones. 
B) second messengers. 
C) third messengers. 
D) antibodies. 
E) cytokines.

Question 2

The question below refers to the following information.
In an experiment, rats' ovaries were removed immediately after impregnation and then the rats were divided into two groups. Treatments and results are summarized in the table below
 $\begin{array}{lcc}
\hline&\text { Group } 1 &\text { Group } 2\
\hline (\text { Daily injections of }&&\
\text { progesterone (milligrams) } & 0.25 & 2.0 \
\text { Percentage of rats that } & & \
\text { carried fetuses to birth } & 0 & 100\
\hline
\end{array}$
 
Figure 45.1
-Estradiol is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) an androgen. 
B) an estrogen. 
C) a progestin. 
D) a catecholamine. 
E) melatonin. 
A) an androgen. 
B) an estrogen. 
C) a progestin. 
D) a catecholamine. 
E) melatonin.

Question 3

Which of the following hormones is (are)secreted by the adrenal gland in response to stress and promote(s)the synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate substrates?

Accepted Answer

A) glucagon 
B) glucocorticoids 
C) epinephrine 
D) thyroxine 
E) ACTH 
A) glucagon 
B) glucocorticoids 
C) epinephrine 
D) thyroxine 
E) ACTH

Question 4

Which of the following is an endocrine gland?

Accepted Answer

A) parathyroid gland 
B) salivary gland 
C) sweat gland 
D) sebaceous gland 
E) gallbladder 
A) parathyroid gland 
B) salivary gland 
C) sweat gland 
D) sebaceous gland 
E) gallbladder

Question 5

The question below refers to the following information.
In an experiment, rats' ovaries were removed immediately after impregnation and then the rats were divided into two groups. Treatments and results are summarized in the table below
 $\begin{array}{lcc}
\hline&\text { Group } 1 &\text { Group } 2\
\hline (\text { Daily injections of }&&\
\text { progesterone (milligrams) } & 0.25 & 2.0 \
\text { Percentage of rats that } & & \
\text { carried fetuses to birth } & 0 & 100\
\hline
\end{array}$
 
Figure 45.1
-Which of the following is secreted by the pineal gland?

Accepted Answer

A) androgens 
B) estrogens 
C) progestins 
D) catecholamines 
E) melatonin 
A) androgens 
B) estrogens 
C) progestins 
D) catecholamines 
E) melatonin

Question 6

Which hormone exerts antagonistic action to PTH (parathyroid hormone)?

Accepted Answer

A) thyroxine 
B) epinephrine 
C) growth hormone 
D) calcitonin 
E) glucagon 
A) thyroxine 
B) epinephrine 
C) growth hormone 
D) calcitonin 
E) glucagon

Question 7

A distinctive feature of the mechanism of action of thyroid hormones and steroid hormones is that

Accepted Answer

A) these hormones are regulated by feedback loops. 
B) target cells react more rapidly to these hormones than to local regulators. 
C) these hormones bind with specific receptor proteins on the plasma membrane of target cells. 
D) these hormones bind to receptors inside cells. 
E) these hormones affect metabolism. 
A) these hormones are regulated by feedback loops. 
B) target cells react more rapidly to these hormones than to local regulators. 
C) these hormones bind with specific receptor proteins on the plasma membrane of target cells. 
D) these hormones bind to receptors inside cells. 
E) these hormones affect metabolism.

Question 8

Which of the following is not an accurate statement?

Accepted Answer

A) Hormones are chemical messengers that travel to target cells through the circulatory system. 
B) Hormones often regulate homeostasis through antagonistic functions. 
C) Hormones of the same chemical class usually have the same function. 
D) Hormones are secreted by specialized cells usually located in endocrine glands. 
E) Hormones are often regulated through feedback loops. 
A) Hormones are chemical messengers that travel to target cells through the circulatory system. 
B) Hormones often regulate homeostasis through antagonistic functions. 
C) Hormones of the same chemical class usually have the same function. 
D) Hormones are secreted by specialized cells usually located in endocrine glands. 
E) Hormones are often regulated through feedback loops.

Question 9

The question below refers to the following information.
In an experiment, rats' ovaries were removed immediately after impregnation and then the rats were divided into two groups. Treatments and results are summarized in the table below
 $\begin{array}{lcc}
\hline&\text { Group } 1 &\text { Group } 2\
\hline (\text { Daily injections of }&&\
\text { progesterone (milligrams) } & 0.25 & 2.0 \
\text { Percentage of rats that } & & \
\text { carried fetuses to birth } & 0 & 100\
\hline
\end{array}$
 
Figure 45.1
-Which of the following stimulates and maintains metabolic processes?

Accepted Answer

A) ecdysone 
B) glucagon 
C) thyroxine 
D) oxytocin 
E) growth hormone 
A) ecdysone 
B) glucagon 
C) thyroxine 
D) oxytocin 
E) growth hormone

Question 10

Synthetic versions of which of the following hormones are being used as insecticides to prevent insects from maturing into reproducing adults?

Accepted Answer

A) ecdysone 
B) juvenile hormone 
C) oxytocin 
D) brain hormone 
E) prothoracic hormone 
A) ecdysone 
B) juvenile hormone 
C) oxytocin 
D) brain hormone 
E) prothoracic hormone

Question 11

The question below refers to the following information.
In an experiment, rats' ovaries were removed immediately after impregnation and then the rats were divided into two groups. Treatments and results are summarized in the table below
 $\begin{array}{lcc}
\hline&\text { Group } 1 &\text { Group } 2\
\hline (\text { Daily injections of }&&\
\text { progesterone (milligrams) } & 0.25 & 2.0 \
\text { Percentage of rats that } & & \
\text { carried fetuses to birth } & 0 & 100\
\hline
\end{array}$
 
Figure 45.1
-Which of the following stimulates the contraction of uterine muscle?

Accepted Answer

A) ecdysone 
B) glucagon 
C) thyroxine 
D) oxytocin 
E) growth hormone 
A) ecdysone 
B) glucagon 
C) thyroxine 
D) oxytocin 
E) growth hormone

Exam 45: Hormones and the Endocrine System

The hypothalamus controls the anterior pituitary by means of

Which of the following hormones is (are)secreted by the adrenal gland in response to stress and promote(s)the synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate substrates?

Which of the following is an endocrine gland?

Which hormone exerts antagonistic action to PTH (parathyroid hormone)?

A distinctive feature of the mechanism of action of thyroid hormones and steroid hormones is that

Which of the following is not an accurate statement?

Synthetic versions of which of the following hormones are being used as insecticides to prevent insects from maturing into reproducing adults?

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and the Fitness of the Environment

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Conservation Biology and Restoration Ecology

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