Question 1

Which of the following statements about hormones is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A) They are secreted into the extracellular fluid. 
B) They circulate in blood or hemolymph. 
C) They communicate messages throughout the body. 
D) They travel through a dedicated pathway. 
E) Not all cells respond to a particular hormone. 
A) They are secreted into the extracellular fluid. 
B) They circulate in blood or hemolymph. 
C) They communicate messages throughout the body. 
D) They travel through a dedicated pathway. 
E) Not all cells respond to a particular hormone.

Question 2

Which combination of hormones helps a mother to produce milk and nurse her baby?

Accepted Answer

A) prolactin and calcitonin 
B) oxytocin and prolactin 
C) follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone 
D) luteinizing hormone and oxytocin 
E) oxytocin, prolactin, and luteinizing hormone 
A) prolactin and calcitonin 
B) oxytocin and prolactin 
C) follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone 
D) luteinizing hormone and oxytocin 
E) oxytocin, prolactin, and luteinizing hormone

Question 3

Prostaglandins are local regulators whose basic structure is derived from

Accepted Answer

A) oligosaccharides. 
B) fatty acids. 
C) steroids. 
D) amino acids. 
E) nitric oxide 
A) oligosaccharides. 
B) fatty acids. 
C) steroids. 
D) amino acids. 
E) nitric oxide

Question 4

If the adrenal cortex were removed, which group of hormones would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

A) steroid 
B) peptide 
C) tropic 
D) amino acid-derived 
E) paracrine 
A) steroid 
B) peptide 
C) tropic 
D) amino acid-derived 
E) paracrine

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the adrenal gland is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) During stress, TSH stimulates the adrenal cortex and medulla to secrete acetylcholine. 
B) During stress, the alpha cells of islets secrete insulin and simultaneously the beta cells of the islets secrete glucagon. 
C) During stress, ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex, and neurons of the sympathetic nervous system stimulate the adrenal medulla. 
D) At all times, the anterior portion secretes ACTH, while the posterior portion secretes oxytocin. 
E) At all times, the adrenal gland monitors calcium levels in the blood and regulates calcium by secreting the two antagonistic hormones, epinephrine and norepinephrine. 
A) During stress, TSH stimulates the adrenal cortex and medulla to secrete acetylcholine. 
B) During stress, the alpha cells of islets secrete insulin and simultaneously the beta cells of the islets secrete glucagon. 
C) During stress, ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex, and neurons of the sympathetic nervous system stimulate the adrenal medulla. 
D) At all times, the anterior portion secretes ACTH, while the posterior portion secretes oxytocin. 
E) At all times, the adrenal gland monitors calcium levels in the blood and regulates calcium by secreting the two antagonistic hormones, epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the hypothalamus is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A) It functions as an endocrine gland. 
B) It is part of the central nervous system. 
C) It is subject to feedback inhibition by certain hormones. 
D) It secretes tropic hormones that act directly on the gonads. 
E) Its neurosecretory cells terminate in the posterior pituitary. 
A) It functions as an endocrine gland. 
B) It is part of the central nervous system. 
C) It is subject to feedback inhibition by certain hormones. 
D) It secretes tropic hormones that act directly on the gonads. 
E) Its neurosecretory cells terminate in the posterior pituitary.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about hormones is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A) Glands that produce them are ductless glands. 
B) They are produced only by organs called endocrine organs. 
C) Some are water soluble and some are not. 
D) They often maintain steady-state conditions. 
E) They may turn genes off or on. 
A) Glands that produce them are ductless glands. 
B) They are produced only by organs called endocrine organs. 
C) Some are water soluble and some are not. 
D) They often maintain steady-state conditions. 
E) They may turn genes off or on.

Question 8

The endocrine system and the nervous system are structurally related. Which of the following cells best illustrates this relationship?

Accepted Answer

A) a neuron in the spinal cord 
B) a steroid-producing cell in the adrenal cortex 
C) a neurosecretory cell in the hypothalamus 
D) a brain cell in the cerebral cortex 
E) a cell in the pancreas that produces digestive enzymes 
A) a neuron in the spinal cord 
B) a steroid-producing cell in the adrenal cortex 
C) a neurosecretory cell in the hypothalamus 
D) a brain cell in the cerebral cortex 
E) a cell in the pancreas that produces digestive enzymes

Question 9

Which of the following is (are)True?

Accepted Answer

A) Hormones regulate cellular functions, and generally negative feedback regulates hormone levels. 
B) The circulating level of a hormone is held constant through a series of positive feedback loops. 
C) Both lipid-soluble hormones and water-soluble hormones bind to intracellular protein receptors. 
D) The ducts of endocrine organs release their contents into the bloodstream. 
E) Only A and C are True. 
A) Hormones regulate cellular functions, and generally negative feedback regulates hormone levels. 
B) The circulating level of a hormone is held constant through a series of positive feedback loops. 
C) Both lipid-soluble hormones and water-soluble hormones bind to intracellular protein receptors. 
D) The ducts of endocrine organs release their contents into the bloodstream. 
E) Only A and C are True.

Question 10

An example of antagonistic hormones controlling homeostasis is

Accepted Answer

A) thyroxine and parathyroid hormone in calcium balance. 
B) insulin and glucagon in glucose metabolism. 
C) progestins and estrogens in sexual differentiation. 
D) epinephrine and norepinephrine in fight-or-flight responses. 
E) oxytocin and prolactin in milk production. 
A) thyroxine and parathyroid hormone in calcium balance. 
B) insulin and glucagon in glucose metabolism. 
C) progestins and estrogens in sexual differentiation. 
D) epinephrine and norepinephrine in fight-or-flight responses. 
E) oxytocin and prolactin in milk production.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about hormones that promote homeostasis is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A) A stimulus causes an endocrine cell to secrete a particular hormone. 
B) The hormone travels in the bloodstream to target cells. 
C) Specific receptors bind with the hormone. 
D) Signal transduction brings about a response in the target cell. 
E) This response feeds back to promote the release of more hormone. 
A) A stimulus causes an endocrine cell to secrete a particular hormone. 
B) The hormone travels in the bloodstream to target cells. 
C) Specific receptors bind with the hormone. 
D) Signal transduction brings about a response in the target cell. 
E) This response feeds back to promote the release of more hormone.

Question 12

Which of the following is the most likely explanation for hypothyroidism in a patient whose iodine level is normal?

Accepted Answer

A) a disproportionate production of T3 to T4 
B) hyposecretion of TSH 
C) hypersecretion of TSH 
D) hypersecretion of MSH 
E) a decrease in the thyroid secretion of calcitonin 
A) a disproportionate production of T3 to T4 
B) hyposecretion of TSH 
C) hypersecretion of TSH 
D) hypersecretion of MSH 
E) a decrease in the thyroid secretion of calcitonin

Question 13

The question below refers to the following information.
In an experiment, rats' ovaries were removed immediately after impregnation and then the rats were divided into two groups. Treatments and results are summarized in the table below
 $\begin{array}{lcc}
\hline&\text { Group } 1 &\text { Group } 2\
\hline (\text { Daily injections of }&&\
\text { progesterone (milligrams) } & 0.25 & 2.0 \
\text { Percentage of rats that } & & \
\text { carried fetuses to birth } & 0 & 100\
\hline
\end{array}$
 
Figure 45.1
-Testosterone is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) an androgen. 
B) an estrogen. 
C) a progestin. 
D) a catecholamine. 
E) melatonin. 
A) an androgen. 
B) an estrogen. 
C) a progestin. 
D) a catecholamine. 
E) melatonin.

Question 14

Which of the following glands shows both endocrine and exocrine activity?

Accepted Answer

A) pituitary 
B) parathyroid 
C) salivary 
D) pancreas 
E) adrenal 
A) pituitary 
B) parathyroid 
C) salivary 
D) pancreas 
E) adrenal

Question 15

The question below refers to the following information.
In an experiment, rats' ovaries were removed immediately after impregnation and then the rats were divided into two groups. Treatments and results are summarized in the table below
 $\begin{array}{lcc}
\hline&\text { Group } 1 &\text { Group } 2\
\hline (\text { Daily injections of }&&\
\text { progesterone (milligrams) } & 0.25 & 2.0 \
\text { Percentage of rats that } & & \
\text { carried fetuses to birth } & 0 & 100\
\hline
\end{array}$
 
Figure 45.1
-Which of the following endocrine structures is (are)not controlled by a tropic hormone from the anterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

A) pancreatic islet cells 
B) thyroid gland 
C) adrenal cortex 
D) ovaries 
E) testes 
A) pancreatic islet cells 
B) thyroid gland 
C) adrenal cortex 
D) ovaries 
E) testes

Question 16

Substance X is secreted by one cell, travels a short distance through interstitial fluid, and produces an effect in a cell immediately adjacent to the original secreting cell. All of the following terms could describe this substance except

Accepted Answer

A) nitric oxide. 
B) neurotransmitter. 
C) prostaglandin. 
D) pheromone. 
E) growth factor. 
A) nitric oxide. 
B) neurotransmitter. 
C) prostaglandin. 
D) pheromone. 
E) growth factor.

Question 17

Which of the following have nontropic effects only?

Accepted Answer

A) FSH 
B) LH 
C) TSH 
D) MSH 
E) ACTH 
A) FSH 
B) LH 
C) TSH 
D) MSH 
E) ACTH

Question 18

The relationship between the insect hormones ecdysone and PTTH

Accepted Answer

A) is an example of the interaction between the endocrine and nervous systems. 
B) illustrates homeostasis achieved by positive feedback. 
C) demonstrates that peptide-derived hormones have more widespread effects than steroid hormones. 
D) illustrates homeostasis maintained by antagonistic hormones. 
E) demonstrates competitive inhibition for the hormone receptor. 
A) is an example of the interaction between the endocrine and nervous systems. 
B) illustrates homeostasis achieved by positive feedback. 
C) demonstrates that peptide-derived hormones have more widespread effects than steroid hormones. 
D) illustrates homeostasis maintained by antagonistic hormones. 
E) demonstrates competitive inhibition for the hormone receptor.

Question 19

Which of the following is a local regulator responsible for activating an enzyme that relaxes smooth muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

A) nitric oxide 
B) prostaglandin F 
C) epinephrine 
D) A and B only 
E) A, B, and C 
A) nitric oxide 
B) prostaglandin F 
C) epinephrine 
D) A and B only 
E) A, B, and C

Question 20

All of the following are steroid hormones except

Accepted Answer

A) androgen. 
B) cortisol. 
C) estrogen. 
D) insulin. 
E) testosterone. 
A) androgen. 
B) cortisol. 
C) estrogen. 
D) insulin. 
E) testosterone.

Exam 45: Hormones and the Endocrine System

Which of the following statements about hormones is incorrect?

Which combination of hormones helps a mother to produce milk and nurse her baby?

Prostaglandins are local regulators whose basic structure is derived from

If the adrenal cortex were removed, which group of hormones would be most affected?

Which of the following statements about the adrenal gland is correct?

Which of the following statements about the hypothalamus is incorrect?

Which of the following statements about hormones is incorrect?

The endocrine system and the nervous system are structurally related. Which of the following cells best illustrates this relationship?

Which of the following is (are)True?

An example of antagonistic hormones controlling homeostasis is

Which of the following statements about hormones that promote homeostasis is incorrect?

Which of the following is the most likely explanation for hypothyroidism in a patient whose iodine level is normal?

Which of the following glands shows both endocrine and exocrine activity?

Substance X is secreted by one cell, travels a short distance through interstitial fluid, and produces an effect in a cell immediately adjacent to the original secreting cell. All of the following terms could describe this substance except

Which of the following have nontropic effects only?

The relationship between the insect hormones ecdysone and PTTH

Which of the following is a local regulator responsible for activating an enzyme that relaxes smooth muscle cells?

All of the following are steroid hormones except

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and the Fitness of the Environment

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

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Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

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Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

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Osmoregulation and Excretion

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