Question 1

Unlike an earthworm's metanephridia, a mammalian nephron

Accepted Answer

A) is intimately associated with a capillary network. 
B) forms urine by changing fluid composition inside a tubule. 
C) functions in both osmoregulation and excretion. 
D) receives filtrate from blood instead of coelomic fluid. 
E) has a transport epithelium. 
A) is intimately associated with a capillary network. 
B) forms urine by changing fluid composition inside a tubule. 
C) functions in both osmoregulation and excretion. 
D) receives filtrate from blood instead of coelomic fluid. 
E) has a transport epithelium.

Question 2

Proper functioning of the human kidney requires considerable active transport of sodium in the kidney tubules. If these active transport mechanisms were to stop completely, how would urine production be affected?

Accepted Answer

A) No urine would be produced. 
B) A less-than-normal volume of hypoosmotic urine would be produced. 
C) A greater-than-normal volume of isoosmotic urine would be produced. 
D) A greater-than-normal volume of hyperosmotic urine would be produced. 
E) A less-than-normal volume of isoosmotic urine would be produced. 
A) No urine would be produced. 
B) A less-than-normal volume of hypoosmotic urine would be produced. 
C) A greater-than-normal volume of isoosmotic urine would be produced. 
D) A greater-than-normal volume of hyperosmotic urine would be produced. 
E) A less-than-normal volume of isoosmotic urine would be produced.

Question 3

Which group possess excretory organs known as Malpighian tubules?

Accepted Answer

A) earthworms 
B) flatworms 
C) insects 
D) jellyfish 
E) sea stars 
A) earthworms 
B) flatworms 
C) insects 
D) jellyfish 
E) sea stars

Question 4

Which of the following would contain blood in a normally functioning nephron?

Accepted Answer

A) vasa recta 
B) Bowman's capsule 
C) loop of Henle 
D) proximal tubule 
E) collecting duct 
A) vasa recta 
B) Bowman's capsule 
C) loop of Henle 
D) proximal tubule 
E) collecting duct

Question 5

What substance is secreted by the proximal-tubule cells and prevents the pH of urine from becoming too acidic?

Accepted Answer

A) bicarbonate 
B) salt 
C) glucose 
D) ammonia 
E) NaOH 
A) bicarbonate 
B) salt 
C) glucose 
D) ammonia 
E) NaOH

Question 6

The body fluids of an osmoconformer would be __________ with its __________ environment.

Accepted Answer

A) hyperosmotic; freshwater 
B) isotonic; freshwater 
C) hyperosmotic; saltwater 
D) isoosmotic; saltwater 
E) hypoosmotic; saltwater 
A) hyperosmotic; freshwater 
B) isotonic; freshwater 
C) hyperosmotic; saltwater 
D) isoosmotic; saltwater 
E) hypoosmotic; saltwater

Question 7

Which group possess excretory structures known as protonephridia?

Accepted Answer

A) flatworms 
B) earthworms 
C) insects 
D) vertebrates 
E) cnidarians 
A) flatworms 
B) earthworms 
C) insects 
D) vertebrates 
E) cnidarians

Question 8

Which of the following processes of osmoregulation by the kidney is the least selective?

Accepted Answer

A) salt pumping to control osmolarity 
B) H+ pumping to control pH 
C) reabsorption 
D) filtration 
E) secretion 
A) salt pumping to control osmolarity 
B) H+ pumping to control pH 
C) reabsorption 
D) filtration 
E) secretion

Question 9

What is the typical osmolarity of human blood?

Accepted Answer

A) 30 mosm/L 
B) 100 mosm/L 
C) 200 mosm/L 
D) 300 mosm/L 
E) 500 mosm/L 
A) 30 mosm/L 
B) 100 mosm/L 
C) 200 mosm/L 
D) 300 mosm/L 
E) 500 mosm/L

Exam 44: Osmoregulation and Excretion

Unlike an earthworm's metanephridia, a mammalian nephron

Proper functioning of the human kidney requires considerable active transport of sodium in the kidney tubules. If these active transport mechanisms were to stop completely, how would urine production be affected?

Which group possess excretory organs known as Malpighian tubules?

Which of the following would contain blood in a normally functioning nephron?

What substance is secreted by the proximal-tubule cells and prevents the pH of urine from becoming too acidic?

The body fluids of an osmoconformer would be __________ with its __________ environment.

Which group possess excretory structures known as protonephridia?

Which of the following processes of osmoregulation by the kidney is the least selective?

What is the typical osmolarity of human blood?

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and the Fitness of the Environment

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Conservation Biology and Restoration Ecology

Filters

The body fluids of an osmoconformer would be with its environment.