The following questions refer to the data shown below. Blood entering a capillary bed of a vertebrate was measured for the pressures exerted by various factors. \[\begin{array} { l c c } & \begin{array} { c } \text { Arterial End of } \\ \text { Capillary Bed } \end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Venous End of } \\ \text { Capillary Bed } \end{array} \\ \hline \text { Hydrostatic pressure } & 10 \mathrm {~mm} \mathrm { Hg } & 14 \mathrm {~mm} \mathrm { Hg } \\ \text { Osmotic pressure } & 26 \mathrm {~mm} \mathrm { Hg } & 26 \mathrm {~mm} \mathrm { Hg } \\ \mathrm { PO } _ { 2 } & 100 \mathrm {~mm} \mathrm { Hg } & 42 \mathrm {~mm} \mathrm { Hg } \\ \mathrm { PCO } _ { 2 } & 40 \mathrm {~mm} \mathrm { Hg } & 46 \mathrm {~mm} \mathrm { Hg } \end{array}\] Figure 42.1 -How is most of the carbon dioxide transported by the blood in humans?

A) bicarbonate ions in the plasma B) CO2 attached to hemoglobin C) carbonic acid in the erythrocytes D) CO2 dissolved in the plasma E) bicarbonate attached to hemoglobin A) bicarbonate ions in the plasma B) CO2 attached to hemoglobin C) carbonic acid in the erythrocytes D) CO2 dissolved in the plasma E) bicarbonate attached to hemoglobin

The following questions refer to the data shown below. Blood entering a capillary bed of a vertebrate was measured for the pressures exerted by various factors. \[\begin{array} { l c c } & \begin{array} { c } \text { Arterial End of } \\ \text { Capillary Bed } \end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Venous End of } \\ \text { Capillary Bed } \end{array} \\ \hline \text { Hydrostatic pressure } & 10 \mathrm {~mm} \mathrm { Hg } & 14 \mathrm {~mm} \mathrm { Hg } \\ \text { Osmotic pressure } & 26 \mathrm {~mm} \mathrm { Hg } & 26 \mathrm {~mm} \mathrm { Hg } \\ \mathrm { PO } _ { 2 } & 100 \mathrm {~mm} \mathrm { Hg } & 42 \mathrm {~mm} \mathrm { Hg } \\ \mathrm { PCO } _ { 2 } & 40 \mathrm {~mm} \mathrm { Hg } & 46 \mathrm {~mm} \mathrm { Hg } \end{array}\] Figure 42.1 -Birds have negative pressure breathing, but it differs from that of mammals and is more efficient because of which of the following reasons?

A) The bird's mouth movements are able to force air into the lungs. B) The tidal volume in birds is much larger than in a comparably sized mammal. C) The maximum PO2 is significantly higher in bird lungs. D) The flow of air in a bird's lungs is from posterior to anterior. E) The brain of the bird maximizes oxygen uptake more efficiently. A) The bird's mouth movements are able to force air into the lungs. B) The tidal volume in birds is much larger than in a comparably sized mammal. C) The maximum PO2 is significantly higher in bird lungs. D) The flow of air in a bird's lungs is from posterior to anterior. E) The brain of the bird maximizes oxygen uptake more efficiently.

The following questions refer to the data shown below. Blood entering a capillary bed of a vertebrate was measured for the pressures exerted by various factors. \[\begin{array} { l c c } & \begin{array} { c } \text { Arterial End of } \\ \text { Capillary Bed } \end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Venous End of } \\ \text { Capillary Bed } \end{array} \\ \hline \text { Hydrostatic pressure } & 10 \mathrm {~mm} \mathrm { Hg } & 14 \mathrm {~mm} \mathrm { Hg } \\ \text { Osmotic pressure } & 26 \mathrm {~mm} \mathrm { Hg } & 26 \mathrm {~mm} \mathrm { Hg } \\ \mathrm { PO } _ { 2 } & 100 \mathrm {~mm} \mathrm { Hg } & 42 \mathrm {~mm} \mathrm { Hg } \\ \mathrm { PCO } _ { 2 } & 40 \mathrm {~mm} \mathrm { Hg } & 46 \mathrm {~mm} \mathrm { Hg } \end{array}\] Figure 42.1 -For this capillary bed, which of the following statements is correct?

A) The pH is lower on the arterial side than on the venous side. B) Oxygen is taken up by the erythrocytes within the capillaries. C) The osmotic pressure remains constant due to carbon dioxide compensation. D) The hydrostatic pressure declines from the arterial side to the venous side because oxygen is lost. E) Fluids will leave the capillaries on the arterial side of the bed and re-enter on the venous side. A) The pH is lower on the arterial side than on the venous side. B) Oxygen is taken up by the erythrocytes within the capillaries. C) The osmotic pressure remains constant due to carbon dioxide compensation. D) The hydrostatic pressure declines from the arterial side to the venous side because oxygen is lost. E) Fluids will leave the capillaries on the arterial side of the bed and re-enter on the venous side.