Exam 42: Circulation and Gas Exchange

The following questions refer to the data shown below. Blood entering a capillary bed of a vertebrate was measured for the pressures exerted by various factors. Arterial End of Capillary Bed Venous End of Capillary Bed Hydrostatic pressure 10 14 Osmotic pressure 26 26 100 42 40 46 Figure 42.1 -Hydrogen ions produced in human red blood cells are prevented from significantly lowering pH by combining with

Average blood pressure is lowest in which structure(s)?

Which of the following occurs with the exhalation of air from human lungs?

Draw a pair of simple diagrams comparing the essential features of single and double circulation.

Which of the following lung volumes would be different in a person at rest compared with when the person exercises?

Which of the following respiratory systems is not closely associated with a blood supply?

The meshwork that forms the fabric of a blood clot consists mostly of which protein?

Air rushes into the lungs of humans during inhalation because

Where are semilunar valves to be found in the mammalian heart?

Why is gas exchange more difficult for aquatic animals with gills than for terrestrial animals with lungs?

Which of the following is correct for a blood pressure reading of 130/80? I. The systolic pressure is 130. II. The diastolic pressure is 80. III. The blood pressure during heart contraction is 80.

What is the reason that fluid is forced from the bloodstream to the surrounding tissues at the arteriole end of systemic capillaries?

Diffusion rate is proportional to the square of the distance molecules/ions travel. Which of the following would therefore be preferable for a mid-size multicellular organism?

Why is the respiratory system of a bird more efficient than the human respiratory system?

A group of students was designing an experiment to test the effect of smoking on grass frogs. They hypothesized that to keep the frogs in a smoke-filled environment for defined periods would result in lung cancer in the animals. However, when they searched for previously published information to shore up their hypothesis, they discovered they were quite wrong in their original assessment. Even though they were never going to go ahead with their experiment (so as not to harm frogs needlessly)they knew that a more likely outcome would be which of the following?

Use the following information to answer the next questions. Atmospheric pressure at sea level is equal to a column of 760 mm Hg. Oxygen makes up 21% of the atmosphere by volume. -What is the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2)?

Where do air-breathing insects carry out gas exchange?

Breathing is usually regulated by

The average resting stroke volume of the heart is 70 mL and it beats ~72 times per minute. This would result in which cardiac output?

To adjust blood pressure independently in the capillaries of the gas-exchange surface and in the capillaries of the general body circulation, an organism would need a(n)