Question 1

_____ in concentration of auxin in shoot cells and _____ in concentration of auxin in root cells lead to cell elongation.

Accepted Answer

A) Increase;increase 
B) Increase;decrease 
C) Decrease;increase 
D) Decrease;no change 
A) Increase;increase 
B) Increase;decrease 
C) Decrease;increase 
D) Decrease;no change

Question 2

Mammalian eyes sense light because they contain cells having molecules called opsins,which change structure when exposed to light.Which of the following plant molecule(s)would be analogous to mammalian opsins in their light-sensing ability?

Accepted Answer

A) auxin and phototropins 
B) auxin and Pfᵣ 
C) Pfᵣ and phototropins 
D) cytokinins and phototropins 
E) ABA and Pfᵣ 
A) auxin and phototropins 
B) auxin and Pfᵣ 
C) Pfᵣ and phototropins 
D) cytokinins and phototropins 
E) ABA and Pfᵣ

Question 3

If cells in the _____ are removed,roots will no longer respond to gravity.

Accepted Answer

A) root hairs 
B) zone of elongation 
C) root cap 
D) secondary meristem 
A) root hairs 
B) zone of elongation 
C) root cap 
D) secondary meristem

Question 4

Antisense gene sequences can be used to block the transcription of specific genes in a cell or group of cells.Suppose you treated a seed with an antisense sequence that blocked the transcription of GAMyb transcription factor.What would happen to the seed?

Accepted Answer

A) It would germinate too soon. 
B) It would not be responsive to gibberellins. 
C) It would not make abscisic acid. 
D) It would not grow a hypocotyl during germination. 
A) It would germinate too soon. 
B) It would not be responsive to gibberellins. 
C) It would not make abscisic acid. 
D) It would not grow a hypocotyl during germination.

Question 5

Table 39.1
  
-Refer to Table 39.1.How would Plant A be classified? Assume all plants are able to produce flowers.

Accepted Answer

A) long day 
B) short day 
C) day-neutral 
A) long day 
B) short day 
C) day-neutral

Question 6

You are out working in your garden,and you notice that one of your favorite flowering plants has black,dead spots on the leaves.You immediately suspect that the plant has been invaded by a pathogen and has initiated a(n)_____.

Accepted Answer

A) avirulence response 
B) pathogenic response 
C) hypersensitive response 
D) resistance response 
E) virulence response 
A) avirulence response 
B) pathogenic response 
C) hypersensitive response 
D) resistance response 
E) virulence response

Question 7

When Charles and Francis Darwin first documented phototropism,why was it important that they germinated the grass seeds in the dark before beginning the experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) so the young shoots would grow slowly 
B) so the young shoots would grow quickly 
C) so the young shoots would grow straight 
D) so the young shoots would be soft enough to bend 
A) so the young shoots would grow slowly 
B) so the young shoots would grow quickly 
C) so the young shoots would grow straight 
D) so the young shoots would be soft enough to bend

Question 8

You have a small tree in your yard that is the height that you want it,but not as many branches as you want it to be.How can you prune it to trigger it to increase the number of branches?

Accepted Answer

A) Cut off the leaves at the ends of several branches. 
B) Cut off the tips of the main shoots. 
C) Cut off lower branches. 
D) Cut some of the higher branches off at the stem. 
E) Cut off the leaves at the base of most of the branches. 
A) Cut off the leaves at the ends of several branches. 
B) Cut off the tips of the main shoots. 
C) Cut off lower branches. 
D) Cut some of the higher branches off at the stem. 
E) Cut off the leaves at the base of most of the branches.

Question 9

What do phototropin,zeaxanthin,and cryptochrome all have in common?

Accepted Answer

A) They control stomatal pore size. 
B) They are all involved in stem growth. 
C) They are all blue-light receptors. 
D) They are all localized to root cells. 
A) They control stomatal pore size. 
B) They are all involved in stem growth. 
C) They are all blue-light receptors. 
D) They are all localized to root cells.

Question 10

Plant A is diploid and is homozygous for all of the resistance loci.Plant B is tetraploid and is heterozygous for all of the resistance loci.Which is better able to respond to infection?

Accepted Answer

A) plant A 
B) plant B 
A) plant A 
B) plant B

Question 11

A population of plants experiences several years of severe drought.Much of the population dies due to lack of water,but a few individuals survive.You set out to discover the physiological basis for their adaptation to such an extreme environmental change.You hypothesize that the survivors have the ability to synthesize higher levels of _____ than their siblings do.

Accepted Answer

A) ethylene 
B) auxin 
C) gibberellin 
D) cytokinin 
E) abscisic acid 
A) ethylene 
B) auxin 
C) gibberellin 
D) cytokinin 
E) abscisic acid

Question 12

How does auxin binding to the auxin receptor trigger cell elongation?

Accepted Answer

A) A signal transduction cascade causes additional proton pumps to be made,and those proteins pump protons up their concentration gradient and out of the cell. 
B) A signal transduction cascade causes proton channels to open,and protons flow down their concentration gradient and out of the cell. 
C) The auxin receptor is a proton channel that opens in response to auxin binding,allowing protons to flow down their concentration gradient and into the cell. 
D) The auxin receptor begins phosphorylating proton pumps,activating them to pump protons up their concentration gradient and out of the cell. 
E) A signal transduction cascade results in the opening of a water pore that allows water into the cell,causing it to swell. 
A) A signal transduction cascade causes additional proton pumps to be made,and those proteins pump protons up their concentration gradient and out of the cell. 
B) A signal transduction cascade causes proton channels to open,and protons flow down their concentration gradient and out of the cell. 
C) The auxin receptor is a proton channel that opens in response to auxin binding,allowing protons to flow down their concentration gradient and into the cell. 
D) The auxin receptor begins phosphorylating proton pumps,activating them to pump protons up their concentration gradient and out of the cell. 
E) A signal transduction cascade results in the opening of a water pore that allows water into the cell,causing it to swell.

Question 13

Why does Arabidopsis have five genes that code for phytochrome?

Accepted Answer

A) They mediate different types of responses to red/far-red light. 
B) Several of them sense red light and the others sense far-red light. 
C) All five phytochrome absorb different types of light,maximizing sensitivity of a plant to it. 
D) Some of the phytochromes do not function in light absorption but regulate other processes. 
A) They mediate different types of responses to red/far-red light. 
B) Several of them sense red light and the others sense far-red light. 
C) All five phytochrome absorb different types of light,maximizing sensitivity of a plant to it. 
D) Some of the phytochromes do not function in light absorption but regulate other processes.

Question 14

Lettuce seeds need full sunlight to germinate;therefore,germination is inhibited when their phytochrome molecules are in the Pfᵣ conformation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events after a receptor perceives a signal?

Accepted Answer

A) The receptor is phosphorylated and then changes its shape.This leads to activation of gene transcription and finally to release of hormone from the cell. 
B) The receptor is phosphorylated and then changes its shape.This leads to hormone release from the cell,which activates gene transcription. 
C) The receptor changes its shape and then becomes phosphorylated.This leads to hormone release from the cell,which activates gene transcription. 
D) The receptor changes its shape and then becomes phosphorylated.This leads to activation of gene transcription and finally to release of hormone from the cell. 
A) The receptor is phosphorylated and then changes its shape.This leads to activation of gene transcription and finally to release of hormone from the cell. 
B) The receptor is phosphorylated and then changes its shape.This leads to hormone release from the cell,which activates gene transcription. 
C) The receptor changes its shape and then becomes phosphorylated.This leads to hormone release from the cell,which activates gene transcription. 
D) The receptor changes its shape and then becomes phosphorylated.This leads to activation of gene transcription and finally to release of hormone from the cell.

Question 16

If you wanted to genetically engineer a plant to be more resistant to attack by pathogenic bacteria and viruses,which of the following hormones would you manipulate?

Accepted Answer

A) auxin 
B) gibberellins 
C) abscisic acid 
D) ethylene 
E) salicylic acid 
A) auxin 
B) gibberellins 
C) abscisic acid 
D) ethylene 
E) salicylic acid

Question 17

Use the following information when answering the corresponding question(s).
Researchers found that high doses of nitric oxide were not lethal to soybean cells.Likewise,high doses of reactive oxygen intermediates were not lethal to soybean cells.However,when combined,nitric oxide and reactive oxygen intermediates were very lethal to soybean cells.(M.Delledonne et al.2001.Signal interactions between nitric oxide and reactive oxygen intermediates in the plant hypersensitive response.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,USA 98(23):13454-59. )
-Refer to the paragraph on Delledonne et al.Why would the researchers study the association between cell death,nitric oxide,and reactive oxygen intermediates?

Accepted Answer

A) to gain insight into how R genes are inherited 
B) to gain insight into how R proteins recognize avr proteins 
C) to gain insight into what happens after R-avr protein binding 
D) to gain insight into how pathogens kill plant cells 
A) to gain insight into how R genes are inherited 
B) to gain insight into how R proteins recognize avr proteins 
C) to gain insight into what happens after R-avr protein binding 
D) to gain insight into how pathogens kill plant cells

Question 18

An eccentric millionaire botanist has offered a $25,000 scholarship to anyone who can successfully get a plant to grow through a vertical maze in complete darkness.The maze is not in a box;the maze is simply drawn on the wall,and the contestants must get their plant to grow in a pattern that matches the path through the maze.You need the money and feel confident that you can accomplish this task.Which of the following techniques will help you succeed?

Accepted Answer

A) Apply auxin directly to the shoot tip on the side to which you want the tip to bend. 
B) Apply auxin directly to the lower part of the stem opposite from the direction you want the stem to bend. 
C) Inject compounds that block auxin receptors into the part of the stem opposite from the direction you want the stem to bend. 
D) Plant the roots in two different pots,and apply auxin to the root bucket that is on the same side as the direction you want the plant to bend. 
A) Apply auxin directly to the shoot tip on the side to which you want the tip to bend. 
B) Apply auxin directly to the lower part of the stem opposite from the direction you want the stem to bend. 
C) Inject compounds that block auxin receptors into the part of the stem opposite from the direction you want the stem to bend. 
D) Plant the roots in two different pots,and apply auxin to the root bucket that is on the same side as the direction you want the plant to bend.

Question 19

To find the gene that encodes for the blue-light receptor,researchers inserted the gene for the PHOT1 protein into insect cells growing in culture.When they exposed the transgenic cells to blue light,they found that the PHOT1 protein became phosphorylated.No other plant proteins were present in the insect cells.Which of the following is a reasonable conclusion from this result?

Accepted Answer

A) The PHOT1 protein enabled the insect cells to photosynthesize. 
B) The PHOT1 protein phosphorylated itself in the presence of blue light. 
C) The PHOT1 protein is not responsive to blue light. 
D) The PHOT1 protein is photoreversible. 
E) The PHOT1 protein is not functional in insect cells. 
A) The PHOT1 protein enabled the insect cells to photosynthesize. 
B) The PHOT1 protein phosphorylated itself in the presence of blue light. 
C) The PHOT1 protein is not responsive to blue light. 
D) The PHOT1 protein is photoreversible. 
E) The PHOT1 protein is not functional in insect cells.

Question 20

_____ prevents seeds from germinating until conditions are favorable for the growth of the plant.

Accepted Answer

A) Ethylene 
B) Auxin 
C) Zeaxanthin 
D) Gibberellin 
E) Abscisic acid 
A) Ethylene 
B) Auxin 
C) Zeaxanthin 
D) Gibberellin 
E) Abscisic acid

Exam 39: Plant Sensory Systems, signals, and Responses

_____ in concentration of auxin in shoot cells and _____ in concentration of auxin in root cells lead to cell elongation.

Mammalian eyes sense light because they contain cells having molecules called opsins,which change structure when exposed to light.Which of the following plant molecule(s)would be analogous to mammalian opsins in their light-sensing ability?

If cells in the _____ are removed,roots will no longer respond to gravity.

Antisense gene sequences can be used to block the transcription of specific genes in a cell or group of cells.Suppose you treated a seed with an antisense sequence that blocked the transcription of GAMyb transcription factor.What would happen to the seed?

Table 39.1 -Refer to Table 39.1.How would Plant A be classified? Assume all plants are able to produce flowers.

You are out working in your garden,and you notice that one of your favorite flowering plants has black,dead spots on the leaves.You immediately suspect that the plant has been invaded by a pathogen and has initiated a(n)_____.

When Charles and Francis Darwin first documented phototropism,why was it important that they germinated the grass seeds in the dark before beginning the experiment?

You have a small tree in your yard that is the height that you want it,but not as many branches as you want it to be.How can you prune it to trigger it to increase the number of branches?

What do phototropin,zeaxanthin,and cryptochrome all have in common?

Plant A is diploid and is homozygous for all of the resistance loci.Plant B is tetraploid and is heterozygous for all of the resistance loci.Which is better able to respond to infection?

How does auxin binding to the auxin receptor trigger cell elongation?

Why does Arabidopsis have five genes that code for phytochrome?

Lettuce seeds need full sunlight to germinate;therefore,germination is inhibited when their phytochrome molecules are in the Pfᵣ conformation.

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events after a receptor perceives a signal?

If you wanted to genetically engineer a plant to be more resistant to attack by pathogenic bacteria and viruses,which of the following hormones would you manipulate?

_____ prevents seeds from germinating until conditions are favorable for the growth of the plant.

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Cell-Cell Interactions

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Analyzing and Engineering Genes

Genomics

Principles of Development

An Introduction to Animal Development

An Introduction to Plant Development

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Reproduction

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Electrical Signals in Animals

Animal Sensory Systems and Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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