Exam 14: Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

Watson and Crick elucidated the structure of DNA in 1953.Their research built on and helped explain the findings of other scientists before them,including _____.

Who performed the classic experiments that proved DNA was copied by semiconservative replication?

Which of the following are important in reducing the errors in DNA replication in E.coli organisms?

In a healthy cell,the rate of DNA repair is equal to the rate of DNA mutation.When the rate of repair lags behind the rate of mutation,what is a possible fate of the cell?

Figure 14.2 -In Figure 14.2,which is the template strand?

What is a major difference between eukaryotic DNA replication and prokaryotic DNA replication?

Figure 14.3 -Refer to Figure 14.3.Which of the structures in the figure breaks hydrogen bonds between complementary bases?

Telomere shortening is a problem in which types of cells?

Figure 14.1 -Refer to Figure 14.1.What bases will be added to the primer as DNA replication proceeds? The bases should appear in the order that they will be added starting at the 5' end of the new strand.

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC)is an inherited disorder.The genetic defect identified is an error in the mismatch repair mechanism.Which of the following would be an expected result of this mutation?

DNA is synthesized through a process known as _____.

The epsilon (ε)subunit of DNA polymerase III of E.coli has exonuclease activity.How does it function in the proofreading process?

DNA replication is highly accurate.It results in about one mistake per billion nucleotides.For the human genome,how often would errors occur?

What is the difference between the leading strand and the lagging strand in DNA replication?

DNA contains the template needed to copy itself,but as you learned in Chapter 4,it has no catalytic activity.What catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester bonds between adjacent nucleotides in the DNA polymer being formed?

Figure 14.2 -Identify the lagging strand during duplication of DNA starting from a double helix in Figure 14.2.

Which of the following would be least likely to cause DNA damage in an individual suffering from xeroderma pigmentosum?

Semiconservative replication involves a template.What is the template?

Which of the following cells do not have active telomerase activity?

In the mismatch repair process,enzyme complexes replace bases that were incorrectly inserted into the newly synthesized DNA strand.To function,they must be able to distinguish between the parent DNA strand and the new strand.How is this accomplished?