Exam 41: Animal Form and Function

You observe a lizard sitting on a rock on a sunny day.If the lizard is attempting to raise its body temperature,what mechanism of heat transfer is being employed?

Your professor announces he has discovered a new species of bird that feeds mostly on worms and soft-bodied insects picked up from the ground and off of leaves.Based on this information,what shape of beak would you predict for this bird?

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback?

In house sparrows (Passer domesticus)it is generally found that both males and females care for the eggs and young.However,some male house sparrows do not provide parental care.In addition,it is known that young that receive parental care from both the male and female are more likely to survive to fledging (leaving the nest).Which of the following activities by males that do not provide parental care would represent the most beneficial trade-off for the reduced survival of their offspring?

Some animals have no gills when young,but then develop gills that grow larger as the animal grows larger.What is the reason for this increase in gill size?

An elephant and a mouse are running in full sunlight,and both overheat by the same amount above their normal body temperatures.When they move into the shade and rest,which animal will cool down faster?

A behavioral physiologist is studying the homeostatic control of blood pH.In a trial a lizard runs on a treadmill for a set amount of time and the blood pH is measured.The blood pH drops as carbon dioxide is released into the bloodstream.Which component of the homeostatic feedback system is responsible for deciding if the blood pH is far enough from normal that a response is necessary?

Blood is a type of connective tissue because _____.

Which of the following structural features of epithelial tissues are related to the function of these cells?

Hummingbirds are small birds that require constant food supply.When hummingbirds are faced with a situation that decreases their food supply,such as a storm,which of the following adaptations would be most useful for the bird to survive an unpredictable and shorter term absence of food resources?

Which of the following is a true statement about body size and physiology?

If an organism was discovered that had no epithelial tissues,it would require adaptations to maintain homeostasis in which of the following areas?

Use the following information when answering the question below. The crucian carp (Carassius carassius)is a Northern European freshwater fish often inhabiting ponds that become hypoxic (have reduced oxygen levels)and even anoxic (have no oxygen)when the surface freezes during the winter.Surprisingly,when oxygen levels are normal,these fish lack the lamellae that provide a large surface area for gas exchange between water and blood: their gills are smooth.Yet when the level of oxygen in the water falls,the gill morphology undergoes a change: packing cells stop dividing and programmed cell death is induced,exposing gill lamellae that were buried in other tissue.With lamellae exposed,the gills have increased surface area for gas exchange.These changes in gill lamellar profile are reversible: investigators observed that the gills return to their normal structure within 7 days after returning the fish to well-oxygenated water.(Jørund Sollid,Paula De Angelis,Kristian Gundersen,and Göran E.Nilsson.2003.Hypoxia induces adaptive and reversible gross morphological changes in crucian carp gills.Journal of Experimental Biology 206:3667-73. ) -Refer to the paragraph on crucian carp.Gills serve multiple functions in fish in addition to gas exchange.Given the large surface area of gills with lamellae,what is the most likely explanation for why crucian carp cover protruding lamellae in their gills when levels of oxygen are normal?

A researcher is setting up an experiment to measure basal metabolic rate in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster-a small rodent).Which of the following would be the best set of conditions for the voles immediately before and during the measurement?

Environmental influences appear to contribute to cellular mutations that lead to tumor growth.For example,certain diets lead to higher incidence of colon cancers,and overexposure to sunlight leads to higher incidence of skin cancers.The tissues in closest contact with a carcinogen or mutagen (anything that causes genetic mutations)are obviously the ones most likely to develop tumors.Carcinomas and melanomas account for well over half of all cancers.What type of tissue would you guess the term carcinoma and melanoma is most closely associated with?

What is the main reason that a person sitting on the beach with an air temperature of 15°C loses heat less rapidly than when immersed in lake water at 15°C?

Which of the following statements comparing endotherms and ectotherms is false?

A woman standing and watching the stars on a cool,calm night will lose most of her body heat by which mechanism?

You discover a new species of bacteria that grows in aquatic environments with high salt levels.While studying these bacteria,you note that their internal environment is similar to the salt concentrations in their surroundings.You also discover that the internal salt concentrations of the bacteria change as the salt concentration in their environment changes.The new species can tolerate small changes in this way,but dies from large changes because it has no mechanism for altering its own internal salt levels.What type of homeostatic mechanism is this species using to regulate its internal salt levels?

If you are looking through a microscope at a slide of animal tissue and see a single layer of closely packed cells,you are likely looking at a sample taken from which of the following?