Question 1

The body cavity type for arthropods and mollusk can best be described as _____.

Accepted Answer

A) coelom 
B) pseudocoelom 
C) reduced coelom 
D) no coelom 
A) coelom 
B) pseudocoelom 
C) reduced coelom 
D) no coelom C

Question 2

You find what you believe is a new species of animal.Which of the following characteristics would enable you to argue that it is more closely related to a flatworm than it is to a roundworm?

Accepted Answer

A) It has a cuticle that it sheds in order to grow. 
B) It is a suspension feeder. 
C) Its larvae have cilia that they use for feeding and locomotion. 
D) It is shaped like a worm. 
E) It has a well-developed coelom. 
A) It has a cuticle that it sheds in order to grow. 
B) It is a suspension feeder. 
C) Its larvae have cilia that they use for feeding and locomotion. 
D) It is shaped like a worm. 
E) It has a well-developed coelom. C

Question 3

What would be the most direct effect of removing or damaging an insect's antennae?

Accepted Answer

A) It would have trouble hearing. 
B) It would have trouble mating. 
C) It would have trouble eating. 
D) It would have trouble seeing. 
E) It would have trouble smelling. 
A) It would have trouble hearing. 
B) It would have trouble mating. 
C) It would have trouble eating. 
D) It would have trouble seeing. 
E) It would have trouble smelling. E

Question 4

The common ancestor of the protostomes had a coelom.What does this suggest?

Accepted Answer

A) All lophotrochozoans have a coelom. 
B) There are no pseudocoelomates within the protostomes. 
C) There are no acoelomates within the protostomes. 
D) The body cavity evolved before the lophophore. 
A) All lophotrochozoans have a coelom. 
B) There are no pseudocoelomates within the protostomes. 
C) There are no acoelomates within the protostomes. 
D) The body cavity evolved before the lophophore.

Question 5

Which of these mollusk features substitutes for the coelom by providing a space for organ development and circulation of bodily fluids?

Accepted Answer

A) visceral mass 
B) foot 
C) mantle 
D) mantle cavity 
A) visceral mass 
B) foot 
C) mantle 
D) mantle cavity

Question 6

Which of the following attributes is true for both arthropod exoskeletons and mollusk shells?

Accepted Answer

A) They completely replace the hydrostatic skeleton. 
B) They are secreted by the mantle. 
C) They help retain moisture in terrestrial habitats. 
D) They are comprised of the polysaccharide chitin. 
A) They completely replace the hydrostatic skeleton. 
B) They are secreted by the mantle. 
C) They help retain moisture in terrestrial habitats. 
D) They are comprised of the polysaccharide chitin.

Question 7

The protostome developmental sequence arose just once in evolutionary history,resulting in two main subgroups Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa.What does this finding suggest?

Accepted Answer

A) These two subgroups have a common ancestor that was a deuterostome. 
B) The protostomes are a polyphyletic group. 
C) Division of these two groups occurred after the protostome developmental sequence appeared. 
D) The lophotrochozoans are monophyletic. 
A) These two subgroups have a common ancestor that was a deuterostome. 
B) The protostomes are a polyphyletic group. 
C) Division of these two groups occurred after the protostome developmental sequence appeared. 
D) The lophotrochozoans are monophyletic.

Question 8

The presence of a lophophore in a newly discovered species would suggest which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) This species has an exoskeleton. 
B) This species grows by shedding its external covering. 
C) This species is more closely related to an arthropod than a mollusk. 
D) This species is motile. 
E) This species is a suspension feeder. 
A) This species has an exoskeleton. 
B) This species grows by shedding its external covering. 
C) This species is more closely related to an arthropod than a mollusk. 
D) This species is motile. 
E) This species is a suspension feeder.

Question 9

A _____ is comprised of a mouth surrounded by ciliated tentacles.

Accepted Answer

A) trochophore 
B) lophotrochozoan 
C) lophophore 
D) cuticle 
E) ecdysozoan 
A) trochophore 
B) lophotrochozoan 
C) lophophore 
D) cuticle 
E) ecdysozoan

Question 10

What would be the best anatomical feature to look for to distinguish a gastropod from a chiton?

Accepted Answer

A) presence of a muscular foot 
B) presence of a rasp-like feeding structure 
C) production of eggs 
D) number of shell plates 
A) presence of a muscular foot 
B) presence of a rasp-like feeding structure 
C) production of eggs 
D) number of shell plates

Question 11

Here is a statement from the text:
"The ability to live in terrestrial environments evolved independently in arthropods (at least twice),mollusks,roundworms,and annelids." What logical conclusion would you make from this statement?

Accepted Answer

A) All these groups have a coelom. 
B) The common ancestor of all these groups was probably aquatic. 
C) All these groups have the same type of body plan. 
D) All these groups lost their coelom after moving to land. 
A) All these groups have a coelom. 
B) The common ancestor of all these groups was probably aquatic. 
C) All these groups have the same type of body plan. 
D) All these groups lost their coelom after moving to land.

Question 12

Figure 33.2
Use the following information when answering the corresponding question(s).
Many terrestrial arthropods exchange gases with their environments by using tracheae,tubes that lead from openings (called spiracles)in the animal's exoskeleton or cuticle directly to the animal's tissues.Some arthropods can control whether their spiracles are opened or closed;opening the spiracles allows the carbon dioxide produced in the tissues to travel down the tracheae and be released outside the animal.Klok et al.measured the carbon dioxide emitted over time (represented by VCO₂)by several species of centipedes.Figure 33.2 presents graphs of their results for two species,Cormocephalus morsitans and Scutigerina weberi.(C.J.Klok,R.D.Mercer,and S.L.Chown.2002.Discontinuous gas-exchange in centipedes and its convergent evolution in tracheated arthropods.Journal of Experimental Biology 205:1019-29. )
  
-How would a terrestrial centipede most likely benefit from the ability to close its spiracles?

Accepted Answer

A) Closing spiracles would allow the centipede to move more quickly. 
B) Closing spiracles would allow the centipede to retain more moisture in its tissues. 
C) Closing spiracles would allow the centipede to stay warmer. 
D) Closing spiracles would allow more oxygen from the environment to reach the centipede's tissues. 
E) The centipede would not benefit at all. 
A) Closing spiracles would allow the centipede to move more quickly. 
B) Closing spiracles would allow the centipede to retain more moisture in its tissues. 
C) Closing spiracles would allow the centipede to stay warmer. 
D) Closing spiracles would allow more oxygen from the environment to reach the centipede's tissues. 
E) The centipede would not benefit at all.

Question 13

Which one of these mollusk groups can be classified as suspension feeders?

Accepted Answer

A) bivalves 
B) gastropods 
C) chitons 
D) cephalopods 
A) bivalves 
B) gastropods 
C) chitons 
D) cephalopods

Question 14

A cephalopod's tentacles are modified from its _____.

Accepted Answer

A) mantle 
B) visceral mass 
C) foot 
D) shell 
E) radula 
A) mantle 
B) visceral mass 
C) foot 
D) shell 
E) radula

Question 15

You find an animal and believe it is a new species of Nemertean.Which line of evidence would support your hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A) It grows by shedding its soft outer cuticle. 
B) Its body form is that of a worm. 
C) It has a proboscis. 
D) It burrows into the sand and waits for prey. 
E) It feeds by extending its proboscis,grasping its prey,and pulling the food into its mouth. 
A) It grows by shedding its soft outer cuticle. 
B) Its body form is that of a worm. 
C) It has a proboscis. 
D) It burrows into the sand and waits for prey. 
E) It feeds by extending its proboscis,grasping its prey,and pulling the food into its mouth.

Question 16

Figure 33.2
Use the following information when answering the corresponding question(s).
Many terrestrial arthropods exchange gases with their environments by using tracheae,tubes that lead from openings (called spiracles)in the animal's exoskeleton or cuticle directly to the animal's tissues.Some arthropods can control whether their spiracles are opened or closed;opening the spiracles allows the carbon dioxide produced in the tissues to travel down the tracheae and be released outside the animal.Klok et al.measured the carbon dioxide emitted over time (represented by VCO₂)by several species of centipedes.Figure 33.2 presents graphs of their results for two species,Cormocephalus morsitans and Scutigerina weberi.(C.J.Klok,R.D.Mercer,and S.L.Chown.2002.Discontinuous gas-exchange in centipedes and its convergent evolution in tracheated arthropods.Journal of Experimental Biology 205:1019-29. )
  
-Look at the graph for Cormocephalus morsitans in Figure 33.2.What is the best interpretation of these results?

Accepted Answer

A) The centipede had its spiracles open the entire time. 
B) The centipede had its spiracles closed the entire time. 
C) The centipede had its spiracles open when CO₂ emission peaked and closed when CO₂ emission was low. 
D) The centipede had its spiracles closed when CO₂ emission peaked and open when CO₂ emission was low. 
A) The centipede had its spiracles open the entire time. 
B) The centipede had its spiracles closed the entire time. 
C) The centipede had its spiracles open when CO₂ emission peaked and closed when CO₂ emission was low. 
D) The centipede had its spiracles closed when CO₂ emission peaked and open when CO₂ emission was low.

Question 17

Whiteflies are common pest insects found on cotton,tomato,poinsettia,and many other plants.Nymphs are translucent and mostly sessile,feeding on their host plants' phloem (sap)from the undersides of leaves.They undergo incomplete metamorphosis into winged adults.Because whitefly nymphs cannot escape predation by moving,you hypothesize that their translucent bodies make them hard to spot by predators.How could you directly test this hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A) Compare rates of predation on whitefly nymphs on plant leaves of different colors (e.g. ,red vs.green poinsettia leaves). 
B) Compare rates of predation on whitefly nymphs coated with a nontoxic dye vs.undyed whitefly nymphs. 
C) Compare rates of predation on whitefly nymphs vs.whitefly adults. 
D) Compare rates of predation on whitefly nymphs by predators that are translucent vs.predators that are not translucent. 
E) Compare rates of predation on whitefly nymphs feeding on poisonous plants vs.those feeding on nonpoisonous plants. 
A) Compare rates of predation on whitefly nymphs on plant leaves of different colors (e.g. ,red vs.green poinsettia leaves). 
B) Compare rates of predation on whitefly nymphs coated with a nontoxic dye vs.undyed whitefly nymphs. 
C) Compare rates of predation on whitefly nymphs vs.whitefly adults. 
D) Compare rates of predation on whitefly nymphs by predators that are translucent vs.predators that are not translucent. 
E) Compare rates of predation on whitefly nymphs feeding on poisonous plants vs.those feeding on nonpoisonous plants.

Question 18

On which body segment are arthropod wings attached?

Accepted Answer

A) head 
B) abdomen 
C) thorax 
D) evenly split between the abdomen and thorax 
A) head 
B) abdomen 
C) thorax 
D) evenly split between the abdomen and thorax

Question 19

What is the only group of Mollusca that does not have a radula?

Accepted Answer

A) Bivalves 
B) Gastropods 
C) Chitons 
D) Cephalopods 
E) All mollusk have a radula. 
A) Bivalves 
B) Gastropods 
C) Chitons 
D) Cephalopods 
E) All mollusk have a radula.

Question 20

Which adaptation is unique to insects among all protostomes?

Accepted Answer

A) the ability to move via jointed limbs 
B) the ability to move by flying 
C) the ability to consume terrestrial plants 
D) the ability to parasitize other organisms 
E) the ability to metamorphose 
A) the ability to move via jointed limbs 
B) the ability to move by flying 
C) the ability to consume terrestrial plants 
D) the ability to parasitize other organisms 
E) the ability to metamorphose

Exam 33: Protostome Animals

The body cavity type for arthropods and mollusk can best be described as _____.

You find what you believe is a new species of animal.Which of the following characteristics would enable you to argue that it is more closely related to a flatworm than it is to a roundworm?

What would be the most direct effect of removing or damaging an insect's antennae?

The common ancestor of the protostomes had a coelom.What does this suggest?

Which of these mollusk features substitutes for the coelom by providing a space for organ development and circulation of bodily fluids?

Which of the following attributes is true for both arthropod exoskeletons and mollusk shells?

The protostome developmental sequence arose just once in evolutionary history,resulting in two main subgroups Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa.What does this finding suggest?

The presence of a lophophore in a newly discovered species would suggest which of the following?

A _____ is comprised of a mouth surrounded by ciliated tentacles.

What would be the best anatomical feature to look for to distinguish a gastropod from a chiton?

Here is a statement from the text: "The ability to live in terrestrial environments evolved independently in arthropods (at least twice),mollusks,roundworms,and annelids." What logical conclusion would you make from this statement?

Which one of these mollusk groups can be classified as suspension feeders?

A cephalopod's tentacles are modified from its _____.

You find an animal and believe it is a new species of Nemertean.Which line of evidence would support your hypothesis?

On which body segment are arthropod wings attached?

What is the only group of Mollusca that does not have a radula?

Which adaptation is unique to insects among all protostomes?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Cell-Cell Interactions

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Analyzing and Engineering Genes

Genomics

Principles of Development

An Introduction to Animal Development

An Introduction to Plant Development

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Electrical Signals in Animals

Animal Sensory Systems and Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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